No abstract available.
Apoptosis* ; Cell Line* ; Colon* ; Colonic Neoplasms* ; Etoposide*

Pulmonary artery aneurysms (PAAs) are rare, and massive hemoptysis can lead to death if appropriate diagnosis and treatment is not provided. PAAs can be of congenital, acquired, or idiopathic origin, and the clinical symptoms are various. Among all reported cases, one-third of the patients died due to rupture. Optimal treatment or guidelines for PAAs remain uncertain. Herein, we report autopsy findings from a woman with PAA. The patient was taking medication for tuberculosis. On bronchoscopy, a polypoid lesion was found, suspected to be an inflammatory polyp. Biopsy was performed and massive bleeding into the airway occurred. The bleeding could not be controlled by bronchoscopic suction, and cardiac arrest occurred 30 minutes after biopsy; the patient subsequently died. Autopsy revealed a round, calcified PAA in the bronchus of the right middle lobe; the end of the PAA was torn. Hypovolemic signs, including weak postmortem lividity and pallor of the skin and conjunctivae, were observed. Visual inspection and histopathological examination of the right lung revealed tuberculosis and congestion. Cases related PAA are not uncommon, but autopsy cases of death occurring after biopsy of PAA mimicking bronchial polyps are rarely reported.
Aneurysm* ; Autopsy ; Biopsy* ; Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy ; Conjunctiva ; Diagnosis ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Female ; Heart Arrest ; Hemoptysis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypovolemia ; Lung ; Pallor ; Polyps* ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Rupture ; Skin ; Suction ; Tuberculosis

Spontaneous hepatic rupture, which is a complication of hypertension in pregnancy, is extremely rare. However, high maternal and perinatal mortality rates are observed. Several factors, namely, age over 30 years, multiparity, severe preeclampsia, or HELLP syndrome (a group of symptoms which include hemolytic anemia, hepatic enzyme increase, and thrombocytopenia), are associated with this condition. An autopsy case of a woman with twin pregnancy was studied. She was at 36 weeks of gestational age and suffered from the sudden development and rapid progression of hypertension. Moreover, she died because of spontaneous hepatic rupture despite an emergency operation. Autopsy revealed a capsular rupture of the right lobe of the liver with numerous blood clots and hypovolemic signs, such as weak postmortem lividity and palor of the skin and conjunctiva. A close examination of the trunk and liver for the classification of the cause of rupture and an assessment of medical history, such as preeclampsia, are needed during postmortem examination of pregnant women with hepatic rupture or her fetus. To the best of our knowledge, this fatal complication in pregnant women is not yet presented in postmortem examinations in Korea. Thus, we report the findings of this case to share the knowledge.
Anemia, Hemolytic ; Autopsy* ; Classification ; Conjunctiva ; Emergencies ; Female ; Fetus ; Gestational Age ; HELLP Syndrome ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced ; Hypovolemia ; Korea ; Liver ; Parity ; Perinatal Mortality ; Pre-Eclampsia* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Twin ; Pregnant Women* ; Rupture* ; Rupture, Spontaneous ; Skin

Objectives: ：The aim of the present study is to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the incidence and severity of childhood and adolescent self-harm. Methods: ：Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for patients under the age of 18 who visited the emergency room of Konyang University Hospital to compare the rate of self-harm attempts and the demographic, clinical, and self-harm-related of self-harm attempters aspects before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Results: ：During 11 months after the COVID-19 outbreak, the proportion of the number of children and adolescents patients with self-harm and their episodes increased significantly compared to that during 11 months be-fore the COVID-19 outbreak (χ2 =14.397, p<0.001; χ2 =24.156, p<0.001). Between about the year before and after the outbreak of COVID-19, there was a significant difference in the prior self-harm history and psychiatric history among children and adolescents who visited the emergency room and the ratio of hospitalization to other departments than department of psychiatry (p<0.05; p<0.05; p<0.05). Conclusions ：In the COVID-19 situation, the proportion of children and adolescents who visited the emergency room due to self-harm and admission to other departments are increasing. And it has been shown that the inci-dence of self-harm has significantly increased in children and adolescents with a history of prior self-harm and psychiatric past history. These findings underscore the need for the psychiatric evaluation and intervention of self-harm related high-risk groups among children and adolescents in pandemic situations.

BACKGROUND: The oculocardiac reflex (OCR) can be elicited during manipulation of the orbital structures in the strabismus correction surgery. A sinus bradycardia is the most common manifestation of OCR; and cardiac dysrhythmia and asystole may also occur. Various efforts to reduce OCR have been attempted, but without coherent outcome results. METHODS: Sixty one children, undergoing elective strabismus surgery, were randomly allocated into 2 groups: Group K received ketamine 1.0 mg/kg; and Group M received midazolam 0.15 mg/kg for induction of anesthesia. Anesthesia was maintained with 1-1.3 MAC of sevoflurane with 50% N2O in O2. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured 30 seconds before extraocular muscle (EOM) traction and immediately after traction. The OCR was defined as a decrease in heart rate more than 20% of the baseline heart rate, following manipulating EOM. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and emergence agitation (EA) were assessed in postanesthetic care unit (PACU). RESULTS: Blood pressure before tightening EOM in Group K was higher than that in Group M (P < 0.05). However Delta HR (2.7 +/- 15% vs. - 0.9 +/- 16%) and incidence of OCR (10.0% vs. 19.4%) after traction an EOM were not different between the two groups. The occurrence of PONV (6.7 vs. 9.7%) and EA (30.0% vs. 22.6%) were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Ketamine does not reduce the incidence of OCR compared with midazolam in pediatric strabismus surgery. In addition, ketamine does not increase the incidence of PONV and EA. In conclusion, it is reliable to use ketamine in pediatric strabismus surgery.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Child ; Dihydroergotamine ; Heart Arrest ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ketamine ; Methyl Ethers ; Midazolam ; Muscles ; Orbit ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Reflex, Oculocardiac ; Strabismus ; Traction

PURPOSE: Helicopter parenting is emerging in parenting as a way of rearing adolescents and adult children. The aims of this study were to develop a Korean version of the Helicopter Parenting and Autonomy Supportive Behaviors Scale (HPASB). METHODS: The HPASB questionnaire items were translated into Korean and reviewed by experts and Content Validity Index (CVI) in a preliminary study with 10 university students. During September and October, 2014 data were collected from 229 nursing students from five different universities in different locations. For data analysis, SPSS 21.0 statistics which included exploratory factor analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA were utilized. RESULTS: Content validity was over CVI .8. The 6 factors of K-HPASB were extracted and accounted for 59.30% of variance. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .71 indicating high reliability. CONCLUSION: The Korean version of the HPASB was identified as a scale with a high degree of validity and reliability. The results of this study provide a valuable scale which can be useful in the study of parenting as a way of rearing adolescents and adult children in Korea. To enhance the positive aspect of helicopter parenting, we suggest the development of intervention programs on parenting.
Adolescent ; Adult Children ; Aircraft* ; Humans ; Korea ; Parenting* ; Parents* ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Statistics as Topic ; Students, Nursing

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is characterized by the progressive accumulation of phospholipids and proteins within the alveolar sacs without producing an inflammatory response. Whole-lung lavage (WLL) is performed as the standard therapy for this disease because it serves to wash out the proteinaceous material from the alveoli. In this case, we performed sequential WLL using propofol-remifentanil, which is not related to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction during one-lung ventilation. The patient's symptoms and radiologic findings showed improvement without the occurrence of any specific complications. Therefore, we report a case of anesthetic management of WLL performed repeatedly for a patient with recurrent PAP.
Humans ; One-Lung Ventilation ; Phospholipids ; Proteins ; Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis ; Therapeutic Irrigation ; Vasoconstriction

China ; Coronavirus ; Humans ; Korea ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Viral ; Radiography ; Thorax

In December 2019, a viral pneumonia outbreak caused by a novel betacoronavirus, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), began in Wuhan, China. We report the epidemiological and clinical features of the first patient with 2019-nCoV pneumonia imported into Korea from Wuhan. This report suggests that in the early phase of 2019-nCoV pneumonia, chest radiography would miss patients with pneumonia and highlights taking travel history is of paramount importance for early detection and isolation of 2019-nCoV cases.

Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is the most common form of systemic vasculitis in children. Palpable purpura, arthralgia, arthritis, abdominal pain and renal involvement are the major clinical manifestations. Gastrointestinal involvement is related with abdominal pain and bleeding. We described a 71 year-old female experienced acute exacerbation of HSP presented with gastrointestinal bleeding. She was hospitalized for hematemesis and diagnosed duodenitis by esophagogastroduonenoscopy (EGD). Duodenitis was improved at EGD checked in 7 days. She still complained of melena and abdominal pain. There were no abnormal findings at sigmoidoscopy. Jejunal ulcer and purpura were diagnosed by capsule endoscopy. Symptoms were relieved after administration of systemic steroid. But she needed renal replacement therapy for 3 months. Small bowel ulcer diagnosed by capsule endoscopy in patients with HSP was rarely described in Korean literature. This case suggests that capsule endoscopy have a role in diagnosis of small bowel ulcer and its severity in HSP with gastrointestinal symptom.
Abdominal Pain ; Arthralgia ; Arthritis ; Capsule Endoscopy ; Child ; Duodenitis ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Hematemesis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Melena ; Purpura ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; Renal Replacement Therapy ; Sigmoidoscopy ; Systemic Vasculitis ; Ulcer