No abstract available.
Neck* ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction* ; Urinary Bladder*

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of nutrition education program and pamphlet for the lower grades elementary students focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System. Program consisted of four lessons (40 min/lesson), "5 major nutrients & function", "6 food group and sources", "daily needed food exchange units for normal body weight", and "smart snack choice and exercise". Pamphlet as activity book was developed for the program. The subjects were 3rd grade elementary students (educated group, 31 vs. non-educated group, 31). Educated group were lessoned as group and/or individual. We examined the differences in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, dietary intakes and satisfaction of the program and pamphlet. In educated group, there were positive improvements on nutrition knowledge score "function and foods of 5 nutrients" and on dietary attitudes "type of breakfast and snacks". In the evaluation of dietary intakes according to KDRI, there were positive improvements on intakes level of riboflavin, vit. C, folate, Ca, P, Fe and Zn in educated group. In satisfaction with the program and pamphlet, contents, font size, visual, figure, difficulty and program curriculum were over 2.90/3.0. It showed that the developed nutrition education program and pamphlet focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System improved nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrients intake level in the lower grades elementary students.
Breakfast ; Curriculum ; Folic Acid ; Humans ; Pamphlets ; Riboflavin ; Snacks

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify effects of 'mental illness education using movies' on the perceptions and attitudes toward mental illness held by middle and high school teachers. METHODS: The participants were 66 middle and high school teachers, 33 in the experimental group and 33 in the control group. The 'mental illness education using movies' was given to the experimental group twice a week for two weeks. The perceptions and attitudes toward mental illness were measured using the Knowledge and Attitude toward Mental Illness Questionnaire developed by Park, Paik, and Kwack (1995). RESULTS: After the mental illness education, there was a significant difference between the experiment and control group for psychological and environmental concepts toward mental illness (t=7.10, p<.001). CONCLUSION: 'Mental illness education using movies' has limited effects on the perceptions and attitudes of middle and high school teachers toward mental illness. The results of this study indicate that further research is needed with a revised contents of 'the mental illness education using movies' if perceptions and attitudes are to be changed.
Education* ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to evaluate the results of intervention activities on the management of steam sterilizers and sterile items in out-patient clinics and clinical laboratories. METHODS: A checklist was developed and used to monitor and evaluate the adequacy of sterilizers and sterilized items at out-patient clinics and clinical laboratories in a tertiary-care hospital. The checklist consisted of 7 items: condition of the material used for packaging sterile items, maintenance of shelf-life records, sterilizer cleanliness, maintenance of expiry date details of sterilized items, sterilization conditions, use of chemical indicators, and the results of biological indicators. Monitoring and additional intervention activities were carried out once every week for 53 weeks from August 2007 to July 2008. The study period was divided into 2 terms, early and late intervention; the duration of each term was 6 months, and we compared the ratio of adequacy of management of sterilizer and sterilized items between the 2 terms. RESULTS: There were a total of 795 observations from 15 departments in 1 year. Sterility of the materials used for packaging increased from 87.4% in the first 6-month term to 97.9% in the second 6-month term. Records for shelf-life increased from 89.6% to 98.5% in the same period, while the figures for maintaining expiry date details of sterilized items and for steam sterilizer cleanliness increased from 92.6% to 99.2%, and from 91.9% to 98.5 (P<0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION: Our intensive checklist-based intervention was effective in improving the management of steam sterilizers and sterile items in out-patient clinics and clinical laboratories.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Checklist ; Humans ; Infertility ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Outpatients ; Product Packaging ; Steam ; Sterilization

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the burn characteristics of female patients hospitalized in a burn center. METHODS: This is a retrospective descriptive study. The subjects were 222 female patients aged over 19 years old having burn injuries from work sites between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2014. Data were collected using electronic medical records about the burn-related characteristics. The data were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS: Many of the subjects were in their forties and fifties. Most subjects showed burns with an area of less than 10% of the body surface with a severity of second degree. Scalding burns were the most frequent. Contact burns were usually of third-degree severity and occurred on hands and wrists. Flame burns affected the largest body surface area and frequently occurred on the face and mainly caused by explosion of a stove or kitchen gas. Chemical burns frequently occurred on the lower limbs. CONCLUSION: Female workers are exposed to the hazards of burn injuries in industrial accidents. Types of burn differ depending on the workplace conditions. Therefore, preventative measures for burn injuries should be established in accordance with the characteristics of each industry to which female workers belong.
Accidents, Occupational ; Body Surface Area ; Burn Units ; Burns* ; Burns, Chemical ; Electronic Health Records ; Explosions ; Female* ; Hand ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Retrospective Studies ; Wrist

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of case-based learning (CBL) on learning motivation and learning satisfaction of nursing students in a human physiology course. METHODS: The development and application of CBL scenarios was conducted from February to June, 2013. Nursing students (n=142) who registered for a human physiology course were assigned into either a control or CLB group. The control group received traditional lectures for 14 weeks. The CBL group received the same 14-week lectures and an additional 5 CBL sessions. The learning motivation and satisfaction were measured by questionnaires at the beginning and the end of the semester. Seven students in the CBL group were randomly selected for a focus-group interview. Quantitative data were analyzed by chi2-test and t-test, and qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. RESULTS: The learning motivation and learning satisfaction were not significantly different between the two groups. However, 59% of the CBL group answered with a positive impression on the CBL approach as it helped them to feel a sense of achievement, excitement, to form their identity as nursing students, and so on. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the CBL could be a challenging but useful learning method in a physiology course for nursing students. Further studies with guidance, such as instructors' questions and feedback design are needed to utilize CBL more effectively.
Humans ; Humans* ; Learning* ; Lectures ; Motivation* ; Nursing* ; Physiology* ; Students, Nursing*

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the impacts of alternative clinical practice on nursing professionalism in nursing students during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was used for this study. Data were collected from 178 junior and senior nursing students from December 28, 2022 to January 6, 2023. The nursing students’ characteristics, nursing professionalism, clinical competence, extent of alternative clinical practice, and satisfaction with alternative clinical practice were self-reported through an on-line survey. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to examine the impacts of alternative clinical practice on nursing professionalism along with the confounding variables. Results: The nursing students reported that they performed alternative clinical practice for more than half of their clinical practice throughout 2022. The extent of alternative clinical practice (β=-.11, p=.028), satisfaction with content (β=.14, p=.045), and evaluation of the alternative clinical practice (β=.17, p=.007) were found to have impacted nursing professionalism. These variables explained 55.6% of the variance in nursing professionalism. Conclusion The study results suggest that the alternative nursing practice could impact nursing students’ professionalism. However, it would be possible to develop nursing professionalism if the students’ satisfaction with the alternative clinical practice were increased. Nurse educators need to improve the content and evaluation methods of alternative clinical practice to promote nursing professionalism during the implementation of such alternative clinical practice.

This study is to research the use and the demand of the elderly generation that pursue economic ability and active lifestyle. The composition of the meals were "homemade meals" 65.3%, "homemade & convenience meals" 26.7% overall. For the "never miss a meal" category, 70~74 years old was 48.3%, over 80 years old was 60.0%. The elderly under 70 years old showed a high frequency in the use of alternative meals (p < 0.05) and the elderly with higher education used the alternative meals more frequently (p < 0.01). The rice-cakes, bread, tuna cans, Korean side-dishes, beverages, meat, cup-noodles and seafood as alternative meals are in the order of most frequency. Also, 96.0%, 59.0% and 46.5% of the elderly had experience in using "Ready to eat (RTE)", "Ready to heat (RTH)" and "Ready to cook (RTC)". The oldest group surveyed, the elderly at the age of 80 years old and above showed lower preference for "completely cooked state" but showed highest results in the "half-cooked state". This shows the difference between people's perception and the behavior that showed high frequency of 96.0% in the experience with "RTE". This can be inferred that the elderly needs the development of convenience food that is moderately packaged according to the newer lifestyle where the elderly live independent from their children. Moreover, there is a higher demand in the healthy convenience food, which means that there is a need for development in the quality of the convenience food that will allow more faith in convenience food by the elderly.
Aged ; Beverages ; Bread ; Child ; Fast Foods ; Food Preferences ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Life Style ; Meals ; Meat ; Seafood ; Tuna

Background : Korean Activities of Daily Living(K-ADL) scale and Korean Instrumental Activities of Daily Living(K-IADL) scale were developed to measure the function of the old. The evaluation through K-ADL and K-IADL is important for the optimal medical service to the disabled old people on the Sorokdo. This study was conducted to assess the functional disability of them and to find out the suitable medical service. Method : This research was collected from 731 Sorokdo residents in Oct, 2003. The data were compared by chi-square test, independent t-test and ANOVA test using SPSS(ver 10.0) with alpha-error=0.05. Result : Bathing-points and clothing-points on ADL scale are comparatively low: points of the women lower than those of the men; the group over 65 years than group under that age; the patients who have combined disease than the patients who have not; and the patients who have been hospitalized more than once than those who have not been. Besides, the points of the not-disabled are lower than those of disability, the lower one`s points on ADL scale. It is due to the fact that there are many not-disabled persons over 65 years old. Preparing-a-meal points and washing-points on IADL scale are comparatively low: points of the women lower than those of the men; the group over 65 years than group under that age; the patients who have combined disease than the patients who have not; the patients who have been hospitalized than those who have not been one a more; and the seriously- disabled and the slightly-disabled. The points on Barthel ADL scale are dwindling annually by 0.3 to 0.5, the decrease of the women being greater than that of the men. Conclusion : Special medical programs for the old patients and a rehabilitation health service will improve the reliability of medical service on Sorokdo hospital and increase quality of life.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Female ; Health Services ; Humans ; Leprosy ; Male ; Quality of Life ; Rehabilitation

Neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1) is one of the most common inherited disorders, clinically characterized by cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules and neurofibromas. In addition, the affected individuals usually develop benign and malignant tumors of the nervous system. One of the most common tumors is the optic nerve glioma. NF1-associated glioma, however, rarely occurs in the cerebellum. Recently, we experienced a NF1-associated cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma in an 11 years old girl. She has a family history of NF1 and multiple cafe-au-lait spots over her whole body. We report herewith a case of NF1-associated cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma with a brief review of related literature.
Astrocytoma* ; Cafe-au-Lait Spots ; Cerebellum ; Child ; Female ; Glioma ; Humans ; Nervous System Neoplasms ; Neurofibroma ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Neurofibromatosis 1* ; Optic Nerve Glioma