Fine needle aspiration of the breast is an important diagnostic tool in malignant lesions, but is also useful in differentiation of inflammatory breast diseases mimicking carcinoma clinically and radiologically. Recently, the authors have experienced eight biopsy-proven cases of chronic inflammatory diseases of the breast, which consisted of 4 cases of duct ectasia, 2 cases of fat necrosis, and a case of tuberculous mastitis and granulomatous mastitis respectively, Their cytoiogic features mainly based on the components and the relative frequency of inflammatory cells were evaluated for differential diagnosis of chronic inflammatory breast diseases. The results are as follows ; 1. In cases of duct ectasia, varying amount of neutrophils, mononuclear leukocytes, histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells were intermixed with benign epithelial cell clusters. 2, Abundant fat tissue fragments were diagnostic for fat necrosis. Histiocytes and mononuclear cells were main components but not rich, and neutrophils and giant cells were infrequently observed. 3. Characteristic granulomas composed of epithelioid cells, mononuclear leukocytes and Langhans' type giant cells and lymphocytic infiltrates were conspicuous in tuberculous mastitis, and occasionally neutrophils, necrotic materials and epithelial cell clusters were found. 4. In granulomatous mastitis, epithelioid cell granulomas were also noted but numerous neutrophils and histiocytes were intermingled within or outside the granulomas.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Breast ; Breast Diseases ; Child* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dilatation, Pathologic ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelioid Cells ; Fat Necrosis ; Female ; Giant Cells ; Granuloma ; Granulomatous Mastitis ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Mastitis ; Mothers* ; Neutrophils ; Salivary Glands

In a six-year period(1988. 5-1994. 4), fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) of 322 pulmonary lesions from 296 patients were performed at Soonchunhyang University Hospital. Of these 322, malignancy was diagnosed cytologically in 139(43.2%), suspicious malignancy in 7(2.2%), negative in 164(50.8%), and insufficient material in 12(3.8%). Malignant lesions consisted of 54 cases of adenocarcinoma, 50 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 18 cases of small cell carcinoma. They were verified by histologic examination in 70 cases. There were 2(0.6%) false positive cases due to florid bronchoalveolar hyperplasia and atypical bronchial epithelial cells associated with granulomatous lesion. The overall accuracy rate was 90%, the sensitivity 84.3% and the specificity 94.7%.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Child* ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

PURPOSE: To compare the effects of full-time and part-time occlusion therapy in patients who had been diagnosed with anisometropic amblyopia after age eight and have begun treatment. METHODS: We included patients eight years old or older who had been diagnosed with anisometropic amblyopia. They were treated with full-time or part-time occlusion therapy and followed up for at least six months. Treatment was considered successful when visual acuity was increased by two lines or more. RESULTS: There were 26 total patients. There were 14 part-time and 12 full-time occlusion therapy patients in the respective groups. Visual acuity for the amblyopic eyes was significantly improved while the non-amblyopic eyes did not show any significant differences after the treatment. The changes in the visual acuity were significantly larger for the full-time treatment group compared to the part-time treatment group. The full-time occlusion group showed a significant difference in visual acuity of the amblyopic eyes after treatment. Lower visual acuity of an amblyopic eye at the first visit led to a greater improvement in visual acuity after the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: With good compliance, occlusion therapy for anisometropic amblyopia can be successful even if it is initiated after eight years of age.
Aged ; Amblyopia ; Compliance ; Eye ; Humans ; Visual Acuity

We report a rare case of tuberculosis as a cause of secondary basilar impression. A 35-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of severe neck pain and motor weakness on both sides (upper and lower limbs). CT and MRI demonstrated C1/C2 subluxation, basilar impression, and an abscess occupying the prevertebral space. We performed a single-stage operation, comprising anterior removal of the abscess, posterior fixation, and fusion. The patient was discharged five weeks after surgery without any neurologic deficits or complications. Only few reports have been published worldwide describing cases of tuberculosis as a cause of secondary basilar impression. Tuberculosis of the craniovertebral (CV) junction should be considered, especially in young patients with mid- to long-term histories of neck pain without clear origins, to allow for early intervention.
Abscess ; Adult ; Early Intervention (Education) ; Humans ; Neck Pain ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Platybasia ; Tuberculosis

OBJECTIVES: The cold provocation test for diagnosing the vascular component in hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) is likely to be accepted as an objective test, and a few studies have been performed. However, controversy has continued regarding the diagnostic performance of this method. Although objective methods such as plethysmography and laser doppler flowmetry have been studied, they have not received as much attention as other diagnostic methods. Therefore, our study aim was to spread the awareness of HAVS by reporting the results of the cold provocation test in a hand-transmitted vibration exposure group. METHODS: The study subjects were 549 workers who had been exposed to hand-transmitted vibrations and reported symptoms in their hands. While the subject immersed both their hands in 10degrees C water for 10 minutes, the skin temperature of 10 fingers was recorded from pre-immersion time to 20 minute postimmersion including 10 minutes immersion time. The recovery rates were calculated from the recorded skin temperatures. The 'decreased recovery rate' criteria were less than 30% at 5 minutes post-immersion and 60% at 10 minute post-immersion. RESULTS: Of the subjects, 69.1% and 30.9% had more severe symptoms in the right and left hands, respectively. The mean finger skin temperature of the right hand after cold-water immersion for 10 minutes was approximately 10degrees C, which increased gradually with time, but they did not reach the baseline temperature at 20 minutes post-immersion. The deviations of the skin temperature in the subjects were higher in the recovery phase than in the baseline and cold immersion phase. The 3rd finger of both hands showed the lowest 5-minute recovery rate among the fingers examined, and the left 4th finger and right 3rd finger showed the lowest 10-minute recovery rate. Of the subjects, 37.6% and 10.4% of subjects showed a lower recovery rate at 5 and 10 minutes in at least one finger, respectively, while 10.2% showed a lower recovery rate at both 5 and 10 minutes simultaneously in at least one finger. CONCLUSIONS: The larger deviations in the recovery phase than in the other phases indicated that interindividual differences are more prominent in the recovery phase. There might be no benefit in observing the finger skin temperature for an additional 10 minutes after 10 minutes post-immersion. Overall, approximately 10% of the subjects in the HAVS risk group had HAVS.
Cold Temperature ; Fingers ; Hand ; Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome ; Immersion ; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry ; Plethysmography ; Skin Temperature ; Vibration ; Water

OBJECTIVE: The sacral insufficiency fractures (SIFs) are not uncommon and usually occur in osteoporotic bone with minimal or unremembered trauma. Especially, if they are accompanied by osteoporotic compression fracture of the thoracolumbar spine, SIFs can be usually overlooked due to subtle clinical symptoms and signs coupled with radiographic findings. The review aims to be raising awareness of the incidence & risk factors of the SIFs. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the 252 patients who were admitted at our hospital due to osteoporotic compression fracture of the thoracolumbar spine with minimal or unremembered trauma for 5 years. We assessed the incidence of the SIF being accompanied by osteoporotic compression fracture of the thoracolumbar spine and the effects according to sex, age, probable risk factors (diabetes mellitus & arterial hypertension), the location of fracture and the severity of osteoporosis. RESULTS: 252 patients, including 36 men (14.3%) and 216 women (85.7%) were involved in this study and the osteoporotic compression fractures were located at thoracic (36 cases), thoracolumbar junction (180 cases), lumbar spine (36 cases). There are 18 cases (the incidence: 7.1%), including 2 men (5.5%) and 16 women (7.4%) in which the SIF was accompanied by osteoporotic compression fracture of the thoracolumbar spine. The effects according to sex, age, probable risk factors, the location of fracture and the severity of osteoporosis were not statistically different in both groups (group with SIF and group without SIF). CONCLUSION:The clinicians need to consider the possibility of SIF in patients of osteoporotic compression fracture of the thoracolumbar spine.
Female ; Fractures, Compression ; Fractures, Stress ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Osteoporosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Spine

Pericentric inversion of chromosome 4 can give rise to 2 alternate recombinant (rec) chromosomesby duplication or deletion of 4p. The deletion of distal 4p manifests as Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS). Here, we report the molecular cytogenetic findings and clinical manifestations observed in an infant with 46,XX,rec(4)dup(4q)inv(4)(p16q31.3)pat. The infant was delivered by Cesarean section at the 33rd week of gestation because pleural effusion and polyhydramnios were detected on ultrasonography. At birth, the infant showed no malformation or dysfunction, except for a preauricular skin tag. Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis of neonatal peripheral blood samples showed a gain of 38 Mb on 4q31.3-qter and a loss of 3 Mb on 4p16.3, and these results were consistent with WHS. At the last follow-up at 8 months of age (corrected age, 6 months), the infant had not achieved complete head control.
*Chromosome Deletion ; *Chromosome Duplication ; *Chromosome Inversion ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 ; Comparative Genomic Hybridization ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Pleural Effusion/ultrasonography ; Polyhydramnios/ultrasonography ; Pregnancy ; Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome/*genetics

PURPOSE: To study the safety and efficacy of corneal reshaping and small-aperture inlays and compare the clinical results. METHODS: From February 2014 to November 2014, 22 corneal reshaping inlays were inserted at Asan Medical Center and from October 2012 to March 2013, 26 small-aperture inlay surgeries were performed: 6 eyes at Asan Medical Center and 20 eyes at Samsung Medical Center. The preoperative and postoperative parameters were reviewed retrospectively and included monocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA; log MAR), uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA; log MAR), refraction and corneal curvature based on automated refractor keratometry, reading distance and patient satisfaction. RESULTS: In the hydrogel inlay group, preoperative mean monocular UNVA was 0.83 +/- 0.05 and monocular UDVA 0.07 +/- 0.03. At 6 months, mean monocular UNVA was 0.23 +/- 0.05 and UDVA 0.05 +/- 0.02. The most preferred mean reading distance in the hydrogel inlay group was 39.38 +/- 3.18 cm. In the small-aperture inlay group, preoperative mean monocular UNVA was 0.4 +/- 0.06 and monocular uncorrected visual acuity 0.27 +/- 0.04. At 6 months, mean monocular UNVA was 0.11 +/- 0.02 and UDVA 0.09 +/- 0.05 and the most preferred mean reading distance was 44.23 +/- 5.17 cm. Although 85% of patients in the corneal reshaping inlay group were satisfied or very satisfied, only 20% of patients in the small-aperture inlay group were satisfied. CONCLUSIONS: Both inlays are considered good options for correcting presbyopia. However, postoperative satisfaction score was higher and less glare symptoms were reported in the hydrogel inlay group.
Chungcheongnam-do ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Glare ; Humans ; Hydrogel* ; Inlays* ; Patient Satisfaction ; Presbyopia* ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

Tricuspid valve endocarditis accounts for 5% to 10% of cases of infective endocarditis. It commonly occurs in intravenous drug abusers, intravenous catheters, alcoholism, immune deficiency and genital sepsis. But right sided infective endocarditis without predisposing factor is very rare. S. aureus is the usual pathogen. We experienced a case of tricuspid valve endocarditis in a 32 year old female with vegetation in a non drug addict without underlying cardiac disease. The vegetation on the septal cusp of tricuspid valve and tricuspid regurgitation were found by TTE & TEE. S. aureus was identified in 4 bottles of blood cultures. The diagnosis was delayed because the cardiac manifestations of the disease were subtle, and pleuropulmonary manifestations predominant. So we report a case of tricuspid valve endocarditis in a non drug addict without underlying cardiac disease with a review of literature.
Adult ; Alcoholism ; Catheters ; Causality ; Diagnosis ; Drug Users ; Endocarditis* ; Female ; Heart Diseases* ; Humans ; Sepsis ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency ; Tricuspid Valve*

We aimed to validate the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG)-Korean version among 1,138 Korean adolescents, representing a response rate of 57% of 1,997 students. Participants completed a set of questionnaires including demographic variables (age, sex, years of education, experience of grief), the ICG, the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Lifetime Incidence of Traumatic Events-Child (LITE-C). Exploratory factor analysis was performed to determine whether the ICG items indicated complicated grief in Korean adolescents. The internal consistency of the ICG-Korean version was Cronbach's alpha=0.87. The test-retest reliability for a randomly selected sample of 314 participants in 2 weeks was r=0.75 (P<0.001). Concurrent validity was assessed using a correlation between the ICG total scores and the CDI total scores (r=0.75, P<0.001). The criterion-related validity based on the comparison of ICG total scores between adolescents without complicated grief (1.2±3.7) and adolescent with complicated grief (3.2±6.6) groups was relatively high (t=5.71, P<0.001). The data acquired from the 1,138 students was acceptable for a factor analysis (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy=0.911; Bartlett's Test of Sphericity, chi2=13,144.7, P<0.001). After omission of 3 items, the value of Cronbach's alpha increased from 0.87 for the 19-item ICG-Korean version to 0.93 for the 16-item ICG-Korean version. These results suggest that the ICG is a useful tool in assessing for complicated grief in Korean adolescents. However, the 16-item version of the ICG appeared to be more valid compared to the 19-item version of the ICG. We suggest that the 16-item version of the ICG be used to screen for complicated grief in Korean adolescents.
Adolescent ; Child ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Female ; *Grief ; Humans ; Male ; Psychometrics/*methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Republic of Korea ; Surveys and Questionnaires