The atrio-ventricular valves of the normal heart in 200 Chinese cadavers of different ages were studied. The right atrioventricular valves were classified into three types and the left were classified into two types, according to the number of the main cusps. It was found that percentage of the second type (53.5%) of the right atrio-ventricular valves was higher than that of the first type (43.5%) and the first type (83.0%) of the left atrio-ventricular valves is in the majority, while the second type (17.0%) represents only a small percentage.An accessory cusp is situated between two main cusps. The accessory cusp was found in the right atrio-ventricular valves of 132 cases (66.0%), the majority of which had only one accessory cusp (95 cases. 72.0%), and among them there were 65 cases (37.4%) in which antero-medial accessory cusps were present. The accessory cusps were found in the left atrio-ventricular valves of 103 cases (51.5%), most of them also had only one cusp (92 cases 89.3%) and among them there were 71 cases (62.3) in which postero-medial accessory cusps were present.If the total number of the main and the accessory cusps was considered, in the right ventriculus, four cusps were found in 40.5% of the cases, five in 29.0%, three in 19.5%, six in 9.0%, two in 1.5%, seven in 0.5%; while in the left ventriculus, three cusps were found in 51.5% of the cases, two in 37.0%, four in 11.0% and five in 0.5%.The size of the valves was measured. In the right ventriculus the postero-medial valve is the broadest (40.1 mm), the postero-lateral valve is the highest (24.5 mm). In the left ventriculus the postero-lateral valve is the broadest (36.9 mm), the antero-medial valve is the hightest (20.8 mm). The associated valves are usually larger than the other common main valves, the diameters of which are larger than that of the accessory valves. The perimeter of left artrio-ventricular ring is 79.69 mm and the right is 97.79 mm.

Abstracting and Indexing as Topic ; Academic Dissertations as Topic

Spontaneous abortion is one of the most common gestational conditions, with the morbidity of 1% to 5% in married women. It is a serious problem troubling women at the reproductive age. There are many factors causing spontaneous abortion, among them, spontaneous abortion resulting from endocrine abnormalities can be detected and treated. Prolactin is a major endocrine hormone participating in reproductive regulation and playing an important role in early pregnancy implantation and pregnancy maintenance. When there are unusual levels it is closely related to spontaneous abortion, leading to a necessity to further study the relationship between them. International and domestic research developments in recent years about the correlation between prolactin and spontaneous abortion are discussed in this paper.

In recent years,with the deepening research on autoinflammatory diseases (AID),more and more diseases have been found and included in the AID category.The clinical manifestations of AID are various,but most of them are not specific.Therefore,it is difficult to distinguish AID from infectious diseases,tumors and other autoimmune diseases,which causes misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis.This article aims at discussing about the clinical diagnosis and treatment procedure of AID.

According to existing problems in polysaccharide determination methods in new Chinese drug applications, the method suitability, chemical reference selection, components interference and method research were introduced. The author suggests that suitable determination method should be selected according to the structure and property of the polysaccharide, and validated. Some influent factors should be examined to assure the accuracy of the method, such as the stability and using amount of the visualizing reagent, visualizing time, maximum detection wavelength etc. Monosaccharide and other water soluble components should be removed from polysaccharide sample, and suitable reference substance and detection wavelength should be selected. It should pay attention to mutual interference of neutral and acidic saccharide, and use inhibitor to eliminate the interference. Because the slopes of the standard curves are different for different monosaccharide, it is proposed that the types and ratios of the monosaccharide in heteroglycan should be understood, and mixed reference substance solution in the ratio is prepared for determination.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Monosaccharides ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Polysaccharides ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Research ; trends ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; trends

OBJECTIVE In order to explore and control the risk factors of nosocomial infection in intracerebral hemorrhage.METHODS To study prospectively in 837 hospitalized patients with intracerebral hemorrhage in our hospital from Jan.1997 to June 1999. RESULTS It was showed 215 cases of the nosocomial infection were found among 837 cases with the intracerebral hemorrhage(25.8%).Among them,nosocomial lower respiratory tract infection was the highest(39.1%),the second one was the urinary tract(27.8%).Nosocomial infection was closely related with such factors as the aging,location and volume of intracerebral hematoma,disturbance of consciousness, smoking,blood sugar,invasive operation,antibiotic prophylaxis,bed-days.Whereas serum cholesterol was a protective factor.CONCLUSIONS Nosocomial infection was still a high frequent complication in intracerebral hemorrhage and it should be paid attention.This is the most important step to control nosocomial infection of intracerebral hemorrhage in the hospital.

This study was aimed to explore the tic disorders ( TD ) pathogenesis induced by chronic rhinitis . A total of 400 TD children were all investigated with self-made TD general questionnaire , Yale Global Tic Severity Scale ( YGTSS ) , TD diagnostic criteria by DSM-IV , chronic rhinitis diagnostic criteria by Zhu-Fu-Tang Textbook of Pediatrics ( 7th edition ) . A total of 258 TD children accompanied with chronic rhinitis were screened . Levels of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets , immunoglobulins , IL-6 , TNF-α and other related immunological indexes were detected to analyze pathogenesis. The results showed that the nose movement symptom scores of TD children with rhinitis were higher than the score of TD children without rhinitis . The score of arm-lifting and hand movement in TD children with rhinitis was lower than the score in the TD children without rhinitis . And the YGTSS score of TD children with rhinitis was higher than TD children without rhinitis. Compared with TD children without rhinitis, the level of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets in TD children with rhinitis was obviously reduced ( P < 0 . 05 ) . Compared with TD children without rhinitis , the level of immunoglobulins in TD children with rhinitis was slightly reduced . The level of IL-6 in TD children with rhinitis tended to increase , but the level of TNF-α tended to reduce . It was concluded that chronic rhinitis is one of the factors to induce TD .

BACKGROUND: Migraine is usually located in the course of Shaoyang channel, and the curative effect of treatment with methods of treating Shaoyang disease by dispersing and dispelling wind (DW) as well as relieving pain (RP) on migraine is prominent, but how about the effects of these two ways on thrombogenesis in vitro and the function of platelet aggregation (PA)?OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effect of treatment of Shaoyang disease and methods of DW and RP on thrombogenesis in vitro and function of PA throughthe experiments of thrombogenesis in vitro and function of PA in rats, and investigate the compatible significance of DS and DW as well as RP through formula compatible experiment.DESIGN: Completely randomized grouping design and controlled trial.SETTING: Department of Prescription, College of Basic Medical Sciences,Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Department of Prescription, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March to August 2000. Sixty healthy adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: Normal control group, Shaoyang treatment group (group Ⅰ ), DW and RP group (group Ⅱ ), high-dose and whole-prescription group (group Ⅲ), low-dose and whole-prescription group (group Ⅳ), and positive control group with 10 rats in each group.METHODS:① Positive control group:Gastric perfusion of 0.034 g/mL compound divaside slice suspension (made by Harbin Second Biochemical Pharmacy co., Ltd) was given to rats (0.39/kg); Group Ⅲ and Ⅳ (ingredients: Chaihu 20 g, huangqin 10 g, banxia 15 g, gancao 10 g, chuanqiong 20 g, tianma 15 g, xixin 5 g, quanxie 5 g, wugong 5 g): Gastric perfusion of 1.5, 0.75 g/mL of complete prescription was given to rats (17.40, 8.70 g/kg);Group Ⅰ (ingredients: Chaihu 20 g, huangqin 10 g, banxia 15 g, gancao 10 g) and group Ⅱ (ingredients: Chuanqiong 20 g, tianma 15 g, xixin 5 g, quanxie 5 g, wugong 5 g): Gastric perfusion of 0.75 g/mL agents of treatment with DS and DW wind antidyne was given to rats as 8.70 g/kg; Normal control group: Gastric perfusion of normal saline of the same volume wasgiven to rats.Intervention on rats of all groups lasted 12 days.② Experiment of thrombogenesis in vitro: The cephalic artery of one side was seperated 2 hours after the last time of administration. The distal part was deligated, the blood current in proximal part was blocked with bulldog clamp and the arterial cannula was inserted into the cephalic artery. Loosened the bulldog clamp, blood of 1.8 mL was collected and put into the rotary ring of thrombogensis meter to rotate for 15 minutes at 17 r/min,and then poured the thrombus, measured the length and humid weight of thromb. After that,dried the humid thromb and measured the dry weight.③ Determination of PA:The packing fraction (PF) in the 1st and 5th minutes as well as the maximal packing fraction (MPF) and assembling inhibition ratio of platelet-rich plasma within 5 minutes were recorded with test.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effect of treating Shaoyang disease nephelometry.④ Differences of measurement data were compared with tand methods of DW as well as RP on thrombogenesis in vitro and the function of PA.RESULTS: A total of 60 rats were involved in the analysis of results. ①The length, humid weight and dry weight of thrombogenesis in vitro in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ, positive control group and group Ⅱ were obviously lower than those in group Ⅰ (P ＜ 0.05). ② The PF in 1st, 5th minute and the maximal aggregathe normal control group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01); The humid weight and dry weight of thromb in group Ⅳ were significantly lower than those in tion (MA) of blood platelet in rats of each group were significantly lower than those in the normal control group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01), and the curative effect on rats in the positive control group, group Ⅲ and Ⅳ as well as group Ⅱ were better than that in group Ⅰ.CONCLUSION: There are no significant effects of dispersing thrombogenesis in vitro and inhibiting PA by only treating Shaoyang disease. The effect of combined prescription of DW and RP as well as treatment of Shaoyang disease are obviously enhanced.

Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor with the second highest incidence and mortality in the world, and China is one of the countries with the highest incidence of gastric cancer in the world. Research on the regulation of cell cycle protein can provide effective evidence for the mechanism of tumor and gene therapy.G1/S phase is the key point for cell cycle regulation,Cyclin D1 and CDK4 gene and P16 play important roles in this phase and have great correlation with gastric cancer,but the exact relationship between these genes and gastric cancer is still unclear. In order to better understand the expression of Cyclin D1 and CDK4 gene and P16 in gastric cancer, the related researches in recent years were summarized in this paper.

Objective To investigate the effect of metformin on thyroid hormone and thyrotropin(TSH) in diabetic patients without thyroid hormone replacement.Methods Serum levels of free T3(FT3),free T4(FT4),total T3(TT3),total T4(TT4) and TSH were measured in diabetic patients with or without metformin therapy and the relationship between TSH and metformin was analyzed.Results There were no significant differences in serum FT3(4.65±0.68 vs 4.59±0.67 pmol/L),FT4(17.88±3.26 vs 17.75±2.85pmol/L),TT3(1.79±0.42 vs 1.77±0.38nmol/L),TT4(107.9 ±22.1 vs 109.2±22.1nmol/L) and thyrotropin(ln TSH:0.49±0.83 vs 0.47±0.87 mU/L) between diabetic patients taking and not taking metformin.Conclusions In diabetic patients without thyroid hormone replacement,metformin does not suppress serum TSH