A new instrument was devised to determine the angle between the long axis of the neck and the bicondylar plane of the femur.The superior border of the neck was first determined by a line connecting the two superior ends of the junctions between “head and neck,”and “neck and great trochanter” respectively;the inferior border being determined in similar way.(2)The angle between the superior border of the neck and the bicondylar plane and (3) the angle of the inferior border with the same plane were then measured.(4)The average of the two angles was taken as the angle of torsion of the neck. Three hundred femurs of both sexes were measured.It was found that the angle of torsion of the neck in the adult male is 7.88?,and that in the females is 9.37?.The average value is 8.66?. It was discussed how the angle of torsion in the neck is formed,perhaps it results from the pulling effect of the muscles.

Objective To investigate the effect of metformin on thyroid hormone and thyrotropin(TSH) in diabetic patients without thyroid hormone replacement.Methods Serum levels of free T3(FT3),free T4(FT4),total T3(TT3),total T4(TT4) and TSH were measured in diabetic patients with or without metformin therapy and the relationship between TSH and metformin was analyzed.Results There were no significant differences in serum FT3(4.65±0.68 vs 4.59±0.67 pmol/L),FT4(17.88±3.26 vs 17.75±2.85pmol/L),TT3(1.79±0.42 vs 1.77±0.38nmol/L),TT4(107.9 ±22.1 vs 109.2±22.1nmol/L) and thyrotropin(ln TSH:0.49±0.83 vs 0.47±0.87 mU/L) between diabetic patients taking and not taking metformin.Conclusions In diabetic patients without thyroid hormone replacement,metformin does not suppress serum TSH

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the rational use of TCM injections. METHODS:The related data of using TCM injections was drawn from May 2009 to May 2014. And the data of 5 TCM injections,including Shengmai and Shenmai in-jection,were statistically analyzed,the indications of 8 TCM injections,including Shengmai and Shenmai injection,were also sta-tistically analyzed. RESULTS:In solvents evaluation,the 5 TCM injections were used 501 times,in which 391 times(78.04%)of the solvents used were rational,381 times(76.05%)of the solvent doses used were rational;in clinical indications evaluation,the 8 TCM injections were used for 2 579 patients,in which 1 120 cases were in accordance with the instructions while the other 1 459 cases were not,the qualification ratio was 43.43%. CONCLUSIONS:There were still some problems in using TCM injection in our hospital in the aspects of solvent as well as indications.

Gallbladder cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm in biliary system,with a high degrade of malignancy,invasion and metastasis.The prognosis is heartbreaking.Radical surgery is the only possible way for curing.The current understanding of China's doctors at all levels on radical surgery of gallbladder cancer is chaotic.Based on the latest version eighth TNM staging of the American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)of gallbladder cancer,making a review of the literature,combined with the author's personal experience,we have interpreted the reasonable selection of hepatectomy of gallbladder cancer,in order to improve the doctors at all levels to regulate the understanding of hepatectomy and the prognosis of gallbladder cancer.

Objective To rapidly locate the'illegal' host so as to solve IP conflict events.Methods In combination with the characteristics of large-scale hospital network,SNMP was utilized in network management to rapidly locate the 'illegal' hosts' address when IP conflict occurred.Results The'illegal' IP occupier could be rapidly and effectivly located.Conclusion The IP conflict can be solved efficiently.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2008,29(2):42-44]

Hedgehog(HH),a vital endodermal signal,plays a critical role in the embryonic development of the GI system.During mammalian embryonic development,deficiency of HH signaling leads to gastrointestinal malformations.Nevertheless,normal presence of HH family is also found in the adult gut,and HH signaling now may be important for homeostasis of the gut in such a case.However,many researches revealed that the HH signal's involved in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis and its role is altered in various tumors due to various mechanisms.This review focused on the progress of HH signal pathway in gastrointestinal tumors.

ObjectiveTo observe effects of Fentanyl Transdermal System and Sanlitong on pain of hemorrhoids patients after operation of micro wave heating among tissue.Methods60 hemorrhoids patient whom were treated by micro wave heating among tissue were randomly divided into group A and group B. Patients of group A had Fentanyl Transdermal System affixed on navel position. Patients of group B taken Sanlitong. Effects of two groups were estimated with McGill Questionnaire.ResultsThere was a significant difference between pain scores of two groups in one or two weeks after hemorrhoids operation. The ease pain effect of Fentanyl Transdermal System was better than that of Sanlitong tablet within two weeks after operation.ConclusionThe Fentanyl Transdermal System is a safe, simple and better effect medicament type for ease the pain when treating hemorrhoids with method of micro wave heating among tissue.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of carbon nanoparticle in the axillary sentinel lymph node tracer of breast cancer.Methods Fifty-seven patients with breast cancer underwent lymphatic tracing with carbon nanoparticle.The carbon nanoparticle suspension was subcutaneously injected around the areola (points at 4 o'clock) and tumor surface skin at 30 min before operation.The first lymph nodes blacked were named sentinel lymph node.Then performed modified radical mastectomy,observing the application value of carbon nanoparticle.Results The detection rate of sentinel lymph node was 98.2％ (56/57).The correct,sensitive and false negative rates were 98.2％(55/56),95.2％(20/21) and 4.8％(1/21),respectively.The false positive rate was 0.Conclusions The carbon nanoparticle suspension injection subcutaneously around areola in sentinel lymph node biopsy is helpful for accurately evaluating the axillary lymph node condition.Being simple to operate,accurate positioning,dyeing time and is worth popularizing.

Objective To detect the MRI manifestations and discrimination of tuberculous spondylitis and pyogenic spondylitis with atypical features in early stage. Methods Six patients with pathologically proved tuberculous spondylitis and 7 patients of pyogenic spondylitis with atypical clinical features and were included. MRI features of the vertebral bodies, intervertebral discs, paraspinal soft tissues and their enhancement patterns were analyzed. Chi-Square test was used to compare the MRI features of two diseases. Results Patients with pyogenic spondylitis had a significantly higher incidence of disk space narrowing (8 intervertebral bodies), abnormal signal in superior/inferior of vertebral body (12 intervertebral bodies) and endplate with high signal (13 intervertebral bodies), which were not seen in the patients with tuberculosis spondylitis (P<0.05).Patients with tuberculous spondylitis had a significantly higher incidence of local abnormal signal in anterior of vertebral body (4 intervertebral bodies) and paraspinal abscess spanning vertebral body (5 intervertebral bodies), while none of them was found in patients with pyogenic spondylitis (P<0.05). Conclusion MRI is accurate for the differentiation of tuberculous spondylitis and pyogenic spondylitis with atypical feature in early stage.

Objective To investigate the factors in association with colorectal disorders in adult recipients of liver allograft. Methods A retrospective cohort study was carried out with clinical, microbiological and management data regarding diarrhea in 218 adult recipients of liver allograft from Jan. 2003 to Dec. 2006. Results Of the 218 patients, 68(31.2%) of them, who did not history of ulcerative colitis, were found to have diarrhea after orthotopic liver transplantation. Among these 68 patients, diarrhea was probably caused by administration of immunosuppressive agents in 35 cases (51.4%), in 12 cases (17.6%) diarrhea was antibiotics associated, and in 5 cases (7.4%) it was due to intraperitoneal infection. The other pathogenic factors included fungal infection in 3 cases (4.4%), cytomegalovirus infection in 3 cases (4.4%), Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy in 8 cases (11.8%) and some other unknown problem related in 2 cases (2.9%). Diarrhea occurred soon after transplantation in most cases. Of the 68 patients, the symptom of diarrhea occurred in the first 2 months in 45 cases (66.2%), and in the next 4 months in 23 cases (33.8%), i.e. the symptoms occurred 5-180 days after transplantation. Conclusion Immunosuppressive agents, antibiotics, fungal infection and cytomegalovirus infection are the top four common causes of diarrhea after orthotopic liver transplantation. The outcome is good with appropriate conservative management.