Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 is a genetic renal tubular disease of salt wasting, presenting in young infants. Tubular unresponsiveness to elevated endogenous and exogenous aldosterone is the suggested pathogenetic mechanism. Oral sodium chloride supplementation relieve the clinical symptoms and electrolyte distrubances. We experienced 2 cases of PHA type 1 in 38-day and 45-day old male infants who were presented with failure to thrive, vomiting and/or dehydration. Laboratory data showed hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypochloremia and metabolic acidosis. Renal and adrenal functions were normal. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration were markedly elevated. Under the diagnosis of pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1, oral supplementation of NaCl and/or kayexalate improved the clinical states of the patients.
Acidosis ; Aldosterone ; Dehydration ; Diagnosis ; Failure to Thrive ; Humans ; Hyperkalemia ; Hyponatremia ; Infant ; Male ; Plasma ; Pseudohypoaldosteronism* ; Renin ; Sodium Chloride ; Vomiting

Epidermal cyst in the fibroadenoma of the breast is very rare. A 29-year-old woman presented with a lump in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast. Clinically it was a fibroadenoma and the excisional specimen showed an encapsulated, firm lobulated lesion with a cystic area on cut surface. The cystic area showed squamous metaplasia of the ductal epithelium and keratinous cyst formation in the fibroadenoma. We report this unusual case with review of literatures.
Adult ; Breast ; Epidermal Cyst* ; Epithelium ; Female ; Fibroadenoma* ; Humans ; Metaplasia

Metaplastic carcinomas (carcinomas with metaplasia) of the breast are difficult to accurately diagnose and classify because of their rarity and varied histologic patterns. Cystic change can be encountered in mammary carcinoma, especially in carcinoma with squamous metaplasia, but are rare in pseudosarcomatous metaplastic carcinoma. We recently experienced a case of pseduosarcomatous metaplastic carcinoma in a 69-year-old female who had an extensive cystic change in radiologic and histopathologic findings. The precise cell type that gives rise to metaplastic carcinomas remains uncertain. Immunohistochemical findings raised the possibility of the myoepithelial nature of the tumor.
Aged ; Breast* ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Metaplasia

BACKGROUND: Dementia has emerged as a leading public health problem with elderly persons and its early detection is important for treatment in curable cases. Although dementia screening tests are available, they are still complex and time consuming in practice and therefore difficult to use. Our goal was to validate the time and change(T&C) test, a simple, standardized method for detecting dementia in the elderly populations. METHODS: Participants were 59 patients aged 65 years or older at an urban hospital from November 1 to December 31, 2001. The time test evaluated the understanding of clock hands indicating 11:10, and the change test the ability making 1,000 Won from a group of coins consisting one 500 Won, seven 100 Won, seven 50 Won. T&C ratings were validated against a reference standard based on physician`s diagnosis. Test-retest reliability and inter-observer reliability were assessed. RESULTS: The T&C test had a sensitivity of 73.0%, specificity of 90.9%, positive predictive value of 93.1%, and negative predictive value of 66.7%. Test-retest and inter-observer agreement rates were 95% and 95%, respectively. The T&C test was not influenced by education. The time and change tests took a mean of 7.5 seconds and 19.6 seconds to complete respectively, and was acceptable to participants. When timed cut points were added, the T&C test had a sensitivity of 86.5%, specificity of 40.9% and test-retest and inter-observer agreement rates were 77.3% and 81.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The T&C test is a simple, accurate reliable, performance-based tool for detection of dementia in the elderly.
Aged* ; Dementia* ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Hand ; Hospitals, Urban ; Humans ; Mass Screening* ; Numismatics ; Public Health ; Sensitivity and Specificity

BACKGROUND: The size of the baseplate used in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) tends to be larger than the average size of the glenoid in the Korean population. The mismatch between the sizes of the baseplate and the patient's glenoid may result in improper fixation of the glenoid baseplate. This in turn may lead to the premature loosening of the glenoid component. Thus, we evaluated the short-term results of using a 25-mm baseplate in RTSA. METHODS: Seventeen patients with cuff tear arthropathy underwent RTSA with a 25-mm baseplate. The mean age of the patients was 70.1 years, and the mean follow-up period was 14.0 months. We evaluated clinical outcomes preoperatively and postoperatively: the range of shoulder motion, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and the Korean Shoulder Society (KSS) score. RESULTS: We found that the mean ASES score and KSS improved from 35.0 to 74.4 (p<0.001) and from 46.9 to 71.8 (p<0.001) with RTSA. The mean forward elevation and abduction, external rotation also improved from 78.6degrees to 134.3degrees (p<0.05) and from 66.6degrees to 125.0degrees (p<0.05), from 20.2degrees to 28.4degrees (p=0.43). Postoperative complications were seen in 12% of patients, but neither the loosening of the glenoid baseplate nor inferior scapular notching were observed. CONCLUSION: In sum, the results of using a 25-mm baseplate in RTSA were similar to those of previous reports. Even though the outcomes are those of a short-term follow-up, neither the loosening of the glenoid baseplate nor the scapular notching were observed.
Arthroplasty* ; Elbow ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; Shoulder* ; Tears

No abstract available.
Candidiasis* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature*

Angiogenesis is essential for the growth of solid tumors. Microvessel counts, which represent a measure of tumor angiogenesis, have been correlated with the overall survival of patients with a variety of malignancies. However, the significance of angiogenesis in renal cell carcinoma remains controversial. To determine whether angiogenesis correlates with prognosis of patients with renal cell carcinoma, we counted the microvessels within the primary tumors and compared their numbers with patients' prognosis. Tumor specimens from 42 patients were investigated. Microvessels were stained with anti-CD34 and anti-factor VIII-related antigen monoclonal antibodies. Significant correlation between microvessel counts for two antibodies was observed (r=0.875, p<0.01), although microvessel counts for CD34 were approximately two times higher. Microvessel counts were higher in clear cell than in non-clear cell carcinoma (p<0.05). These results suggest that immunostaining with anti-CD34 antibody may provide a more sensitive and accurate measure of tumor angiogenesis. There was no correlation between microvessel counts and nuclear grade, or TNM stage. In univariate analyses, nuclear grade and TNM stage were significantly associated with patient survival (p<0.01). But further studies on tumor angiogenesis of renal cell carcinoma are needed before it can be adopted as a prognostic marker.
Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Humans ; Microvessels ; Prognosis ; von Willebrand Factor

Angiogenesis is essential for the growth of solid tumors. Microvessel counts, which represent a measure of tumor angiogenesis, have been correlated with the overall survival of patients with a variety of malignancies. However, the significance of angiogenesis in renal cell carcinoma remains controversial. To determine whether angiogenesis correlates with prognosis of patients with renal cell carcinoma, we counted the microvessels within the primary tumors and compared their numbers with patients' prognosis. Tumor specimens from 42 patients were investigated. Microvessels were stained with anti-CD34 and anti-factor VIII-related antigen monoclonal antibodies. Significant correlation between microvessel counts for two antibodies was observed (r=0.875, p<0.01), although microvessel counts for CD34 were approximately two times higher. Microvessel counts were higher in clear cell than in non-clear cell carcinoma (p<0.05). These results suggest that immunostaining with anti-CD34 antibody may provide a more sensitive and accurate measure of tumor angiogenesis. There was no correlation between microvessel counts and nuclear grade, or TNM stage. In univariate analyses, nuclear grade and TNM stage were significantly associated with patient survival (p<0.01). But further studies on tumor angiogenesis of renal cell carcinoma are needed before it can be adopted as a prognostic marker.
Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Humans ; Microvessels ; Prognosis ; von Willebrand Factor

No abstract available.
Cryotherapy* ; Stomatitis*

We report a case of para.psoriasis variegata in a 19 year-old male patient wha has brownish flat scaly papules that are confluent in a retiform pattern characterized by symmetrical distribution on trunk and upper extremities. A skin biopsy specimen showed hyperkeratosis, focaI parakeratosis, hyperpigmentation of basal cell layer, and a mild lymphocytic perivascular infiltrate. No evidence was found for a relationship to lymphoma.
Biopsy ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Lymphoma ; Male ; Parakeratosis ; Parapsoriasis* ; Skin ; Upper Extremity ; Young Adult