Objective To obtain a two-dimensional evaluation result of the quality of examination paper on fundamental nursing and the students' performance,so as to find the weakness and problems in teaching and learning,and to put forward some suggestions.Methods With the S-P chart analytic system which was designed by using the technology of Excel VBA,we made an analysis of 164 papers of fundamental nursing.Results Both the P-curve and S-curve were in the lower right corner.There wasn't any long vertical line in P-curve.There wasn't any long horizontal one in S-curve either.Caution index of 4 questions and 15 students exceed 0.75.The totality difficulty index of the paper was 0.79.The suitability index was 0.43.The stability index was 0.48.Conclusions Propositional contents about physician orders management,gastric lavage,administering medication,observation of disease and pain need to be reformed into both wide coverage and clear focuses.There are no faults in students' grades.Different learning levels do exist,but with little difference.S-P chart affords multiplex and huge amount of information.Its graphics and parameters help to analyze both the students' and teachers' performance from the macroscopic and microcosmic angle,so as to make teachers self-reflective on teaching fundamental nursing and producing papers from various aspects.

Acupuncture and Tuina plus functional training were used to treat forty cases of shoulder impingement syndrome. Twenty-seven cases were cured clinically, accounting for 67.5%; 9 cases had marked effectiveness, accounting for 22.5%; 3 cases had effectiveness, accounting for 7.5%; 1 case obtained no effect, accounting for 2.5%; the total effective rate was 97.5%.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between test anxiety and mental health in adolescents. METHOD: The subjects were 450 students of two academic high schools in J City, who were selected through convenient sampling. Data were collected through a survey using a structured questionnaire from September 1st to 15th 2005. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 10.0 for Windows through descriptive analysis, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test and stepwise multiple regression. RESULT: The mean score of test anxiety was 2.40 (range:1.13-3.81) and that of mental health was 2.77 (range:0.64-5.03). A significant negative correlation was observed between test anxiety and mental health (r=-0.28, p=.000). Test anxiety was significantly different according to adolescents' general characters such as gender (t=-1.98, p=.048), grade (F=3.54, p=.030), school life satisfaction (F=10.73, p=.000) and relationship with the teacher (F=11.60, p=.000). Mental health was significantly different according to adolescents' general characters such as religion (t=2.14, p=.032) and school life satisfaction (F=4.13, p=.017). The most powerful predictor of mental health was test anxiety and it, combined with religion, accounted for 9.0% of variance in mental health in adolescents. CONCLUSION: Test anxiety and mental health was found to be in a significant negative correlation with each other in adolescents. Therefore, nursing intervention programs for adolescents needs to reduce their test anxiety to improve their mental health.
Adolescent* ; Anxiety* ; Humans ; Mental Health* ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Stroke is a rare but serious complication during pregnancy and puerperium. The main risk factors for pregnancy-related ischemic stroke are the same as those of the general female population, including hypertension, valvular heart disease, hypercoagulability, sickle cell anemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic kidney disease, and migraine. This article reviews the pregnancy-specific risk factors for pregnancy-related ischemic stroke, including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, cesarean section, acceptance of assisted reproductive technology, and peripartum cardiomyopathy.

Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited disorder associated with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations.In the LHON families in different ethnic backgrounds,the mutations of ND1 G3460A,ND4 G11778A and/or ND6 T14484C in the genes encoding subunits of respiratory chain complex Ⅰ account for more than 50％.But,as we know,the phenotypes of mitochondrial diseases are varied,so the same mutational points may generate different clinical phenotypes,and conversely,different mtDNA mutation variants may generate the similar phenotypes.Some states of LHON including the prone to male,incomplete penetrance,and phenotypic variability of vision loss suggest that other modifier factors probably play a synergic role in the development of LHON.Environmental factor,such as chronic cyanide poisoning,smoking,drinking,trauma,nutrition deficiency and mtDNA methylation,affects mitochondrial function.Therefore,there is an inheritance of gene and environment interactions affecting LHON.

AIM: To analyze and discuss individual combination of femtosecond laser keratectomy excimer laser treatment of myopia clinical effect, thus providing the basis for clinical treatment.
●METHODS:A total of 320 cases (509 eyes) with myopia were divided into the observation group and the control group according to the patient surgery program from Jan. 2010 to Jan. 2015 in the hospital. The observation group were treated with femtosecond laser combined with individual excimer laser keratectomy ( ORK ) treatment. The control group were treated with ORK mechanical knife treatment system valve.
●RESULTS: ln patients with low and moderate myopia, the average visual acuity of observation group and control group were 5.11±0.09 and 5.10±0.08 postoperative 6mo. The average visual acuity of observation group and control group were 5. 09±0. 05 and 5. 08±0. 05 postoperative 6mo in patients with high myopia. After treatment, the visual acuity was improved, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P > 0. 05 ). After treatment, the observation group corneal aspherical coefficients Q were significantly lower than the control group (P<0. 05). After treatment, the observation group corneal thickness was significantly thinner than the control group (P<0. 05).
● CONCLUSION: Femtosecond laser combined with individual excimer laser keratectomy for myopia has significant clinical effect and good surgical effectiveness. Also, it′s better to maintain the aspheric shape of the cornea improved the visual quality.

Mitochondria are an important eukaryotic cell organelle with inner and outer membranes.They generate the necessary lifecycle energy for cells through aerobic respiration,and plays a role in oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in human body.Mitochondria have their own genetic material and genetic system.In more active structures,such as the retina and the optic nerve,mitochondria are more abundant,providing the necessary energy for visual signaling and intracellular transport of substances.An increasing number of studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in optic nerve degeneration and affects retinal ganglion cell survival.This paper summarized the current research on the distribution and the role of mitochondria in the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells.

Object In order to promote the artificial cultivation of Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst , and save the wild herb from relieving the lack of resources, the asexual multiplication system of A euchroma was established by tissue culture technique Methods Dedifferentiation in many kinds of explants of A euchroma by inducement succeeded After the embryos were multiplied, there were a lot of germinated transplants in media After callus were multiplied, many adventitious buds had formed in the media, then they were rooting; the transplants formed by inducement and the plants survived after being cultured in soil Results During the dedifferentiation, 2,4 D was essential, the effect of KT was better than BA The shoot sections were dedifferentiated in the most rapid way among the explants The callus from them were in very good quality It is of benefit to the callus multiplication and redifferentiation after reducing the concentration of 2,4 D Both KT and BA can induce adventitious buds, KT was also suitable for the formation of globular shaped embryos In initial period of sphere embryos culture, it was necessary to add the plant growth regulators in media for multiplying sphere embryos and promoting their development Proper temperature difference between day and night (10 ℃-28 ℃) and natural light were helpful for the formation of strong sprouts and survival of transplants The survival rate was 13 2% with 31 plantlets survived among 236 transplants cultured in soil Conclusion The asexual multiplication system of A euchroma established through tissue culture is stable and available

Shelf-life estimation is the core of stability tests and critical to the final label claim on the package of new drug.Firstly,this paper depicts the methods of ICH Q1E for shelf-life estimation,compares it to the counterpart in the newest version of Chinese Pharmacopeia (Ch.P 2015,IV-9001),and proves its compliance.Secondly,this paper also unfolds the latent assumptions and hinged limitations of the quantitative methods in the guidelines.Finally,the empirical distributions of the shelf-life estimators are obtained via Monte-Carlo simulation to facilitate better understanding of properties of the estimators.It is shown that the approach that takes the average as final shelf-life estimate is likely to further underestimate the true shelf-life comparing to the ICH Q1E approach,and hence puts the manufacturers in unnecessary disadvantage.

BACKGROUND: Femoral intertrochanteric fractures are closely related to sex, age, geographical environment and race. But there is a lack of epidemiology studies on femoral intertrochanteric fractures in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiological features of femoral intertrochanteric fractures in Hohhot. METHODS: The clinical data of 1638 patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures admitted in four hospitals of Hohhot from May 2008 to April 2015, including their age, gender, the etiology, time of injury, fracture types, were collected and reviewed retrospectively, and the distribution of the epidemiological characteristics were described. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Patients aged 70-79 years accounted for 27.35%, which was the highest in all groups. The overall proportion of older patients was up to 61.17%, among whom, the number of patients with the age of 75-89 years (33.82%) was the highest, and the number of children was the lowest (6.53%). The number of male patients was higher than that of female patients before the age of 50 years, and there was a small peak incidence in age of 10-19 years, but the number of female patients was more than that of male patients after 50 years (P < 0.05). Falling down became the leading cause of femoral intertrochanteric injury, accounting for 50.16% (P < 0.05); in addition, traffic and high falling injuries were also the major injury causes in male patients. The highest incidence of femoral intertrochanteric fractures occurred in winter (36.75%), while the lowest incidence was found in spring (15.75%). The incidence of femoral intertrochanteric fractures showed the epidemic peak in November, while it was lowest in July. According to the Evans classification, type Ⅲ was the most common (35.23%), and the proportion of unstable fracture was significantly higher than that of stable fracture (63.74% vs. 36.26%, P < 0.05). 31-A2 fractures accounted for 57.02% in AO classification. To conclude, the distribution of patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures in Hohhot exhibits certain epidemiological characteristics in the aspects of age, sex, etiology, time of injury, and fracture types.