No abstract available.

Epilepsy surgery in Korea began as early as in the 1940s and continued to develop through the second half of the 20th century. Introduction of neuroimaging modalities, establishment of epilepsy monitoring units and the epilepsy team approach contributed to the rapid development. �or about 300�- 400 operations carried out yearly��, t�here i��s at �prese�nt suffi���cien�t n�umb ��er of ep�ileps� y surg�ery cen�ters�� an�d q�ualifi��ed neurosurgeons in Korea. However, Korean neurosurgeons should adapt themselves to changing recent trends. Etiologies of epilepsy have dramatically changed from head trauma and infectious diseases to tumors and developmental abnormalities. Although traditional resective surgery still constitutes the main bulk of the operations, new therapeutic procedures based on neuro�modulation are emerging as alternative treatments. There should also be participation in basic science research which would leads to future innovations in treatment of epilepsy.

BACKGROUND: One of the main disadvantages of caudal block is the long latent period before a satisfactory blockade is obtained. Many investigators have used various preparations of local anesthetic solutions to improve the speed of onset. This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of prewarming of lidocaine HCl for caudal block. METHODS: Fifty healthy young patients (ASA I) were allocated into two groups, A and B. In group A, the local anesthetic solution were injected at room temperature (25 degrees C), while in group B, they were injected at 37oC. All the caudal block were performed using 2% lidocaine HCl 20 ml with fentanyl 100ug and epinephrine 1:200,000. The onset time was defined as the period from completion of injection until the patient first noticed loss of sensation to pin-prick on perianal region. Assessment of sensory loss was made at 15 seconds interval. We have compared the onset of sensory blockade between groups. The duration of analgesia and any significant side effects were also recorded. RESULTS: The onset of sensory blockade was significantly faster in group B (3.5 +/- 0.5 minutes) than group A (6.2 +/- 0.9 minutes). The duration of analgesia were not significantly changed between groups. Side effects of urinary retention, pruritus and nausea were noted between both groups but the difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: We have found that the onset time was 44% faster with warm lidocaine-fentanyl mixture (37 degrees C) than with the room temperature (25 degrees C). The improved clinical usefulness was achieved with no increase in side effects. The technique is a safe and effective method to reduce the latency of onset.
Analgesia ; Epinephrine ; Fentanyl ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Nausea ; Pruritus ; Research Personnel ; Sensation ; Urinary Retention

Improvement of lichen planus was achieved by 11 weeks of daily oral treatment with griseofulvin. The patient was 59-year-old male, has had hypertension and diabetes mellitus for 9 months, and history of various drug intake to these diseses for 6 months. Four months before first visit, symptome of lichen planus had developed suddenly. Because of treatment failure of oral antihistamine and topical steroid for 6 weeks, we began to use griseofulvin. Praspective studies are needed to better assess the affectiveness of griseafulvin in the treatment of lichen planus.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Griseofulvin* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Lichen Planus* ; Lichens* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Failure

Monilethrix is a rare hereditary disorder of hair which was described by smith in 1879. The scalp hair is most frequently affected but the body or sexual hair are rarely affected. The affected hair shows periodic constrictions that break easily, so the hair could not grow more than a few millimetere long. It is thought that the node of the affected hair is normal and the thin internodal segment is deficient in hair matrix. Keratosis pilaris is generally an associated feature. We experienced a case of monilethrix with keratosis pilaris. The 4 years old male patient with monilethrix affected only scalp hair with keratosis. The family history was non-contributory.
Child, Preschool ; Constriction ; Hair ; Humans ; Keratosis* ; Male ; Monilethrix* ; Scalp

No abstract available.
Neck* ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction* ; Urinary Bladder*

The retinoic acid and retinoid(Ro 11-1430) were alternately applied topically on forty patients with acne vulgaris. Therapeutic effects and side reactions of this regimen were compared with our previous studies of the treatment with retinoic acid alone and with retinoid alone. Compared with the treatment with retinoic acid alone, the therapsutic effect of the alternating treatment was relatively superior as indicated by the markedly reduced severity of local side reactions.
Acne Vulgaris* ; Humans ; Tretinoin

BACKGROUND: Core hypothermia after induction of anesthesia results from an core-to-peripheral redistribution of body heat and a loss of body heat to environment. The purpose of this study is finding body temperatures during operation by either general of epidural anesthesia and evaluates content of total body heat. METHODS: We measured tympanic membrane temperature, 4 point skin temperature (mid calf, mid thigh, upper extremity, nipple). And we calculate mean skin temperature, mean body temperature, total body heat content changes based on tympanic membrane temperature and 4 point skin temperature. RESULTS: Tympanic membrane temperature of the first group decreased significantly after 10 minutes of induction (p<0.005), the second group decreased after 45 minutes of induction. Although upper extremity temperature has continuously increased as time passed, there was no significant difference in both group. Lower extremity temperature has significantly increased after 30 minutes of induction in the first group, and the second group has significantly increased after 10 minutes of induction (p<0.05). Mean skin temperature hasdecreasd temperaturily in both group after 10 minutes of induction and increased as time passed. Mean body temperature of the first group has significantly decreased after 10 minutes of induction (p<0.05) and second group has no significant changes. Total body heat content has continuously decreased after induction with no significance. CONCLUSIONS: General anesthesia reveals more significant decrease than epidural anesthesia. Both groups show significant decrease of body temperature after induction. We think that we need to close attention to temperature changes after induction for preventing possible side effects due to core hypothermia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Anesthesia, General* ; Body Temperature Changes* ; Body Temperature* ; Hot Temperature ; Hypothermia ; Lower Extremity ; Skin Temperature ; Thigh ; Tympanic Membrane ; Upper Extremity

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate whether maternal body mass index measured before pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of cesarean delivery. METHODS: Maternal weight and height were prospectively collected on 819 women who delivered between 37 weeks and 42 weeks in the College of Medicine, Catholic University of Taegu-Hyosung. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square tests, prepregnancy maternal weight and height were used to calculate the body mass index, and its contribution to the risk of cesarean delivery was determined. Women with congenital anomaly and pregestational diabetes were exclude from analysis. RESULTS: The analysis of risk factors for cesarean delivery in the 819 women revealed a decreased risk of cesarean delivery with maternal age < or =20 years and multiparity; increased risk of cesarean delivery was noted with maternal age >30 years. Increase in prepregnancy maternal body mass index and total weight gain were significantly associated with increase in the odds of cesarean delivery. CONCLUSION: The risk of cesarean delivery is associated with incremental changes in maternal weight and body mass index before pregnancy after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Prepregnancy counseling about optimizing maternal weight and monitoring weight gain during pregnancy to decrease the risk of cesarean delivery are supported by this study.
Body Mass Index* ; Counseling ; Female ; Humans ; Maternal Age ; Parity ; Pregnancy ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Weight Gain

Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the lung is rare among extranodal lymphomas. The most common form is low grade B-cell type originated from the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) of the lung and primary peripheral T cell lymphoma of the lung is extremely rare. We recently experienced a case of fine needle aspiration cytology of primary peripheral T cell lymphoma of the lung in a 39-year-old male patient. The cytologic smears revealed some sheets of reactive epithelial cells, epithelioid histiocytes, and numerous polymorphous population of lymphoid cells composed of small and intermediate sized lymphoid cells and mature lymphocytes. Lymphoid cells were slightly larger than normal mature lymphocytes and showed significant irregularity of nuclear membrane. The internal nuclear structure was marked by chromatin clumping, clear parachromatin areas, and inconspicuous nucleoli. Histopathologically, atypical small lymphocytes infiltrated in the interstitium and alveolar sac. By the immunohistochemical study and molecular biologic study of gene rearrangement, the T cell clonality of atypical lymphoid cells was confirmed. Key words: Peripheral T cell lymphoma, Lung, FNAC
Adolescent* ; Adult ; B-Lymphocytes ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoma, Medullary ; Chromatin ; Epithelial Cells ; Gene Rearrangement ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Lung ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; Male ; Nephrosis, Lipoid* ; Nuclear Envelope ; Thyroid Gland