OBJECTIVE: To find out the changes of the plantar pressure distribution of foot and the pathway of center of pressure (COP) in normal preschool children with age. METHOD: Thirty-eight normal children aged 1 to 6 were participated in this study. We divided into three groups according to the age. Foot contact area, pressure of the foot and pathway of COP were measured using F-scan in-shoe measuring system (Tekscan Inc.) during the gait. RESULTS: The ratio of midfoot contact width to forefoot contact width was decreased with age (p<0.05). And the relative pressure of the medial midfoot was decreased with age (p<0.05). In the analysis of COP, the ratio of anteroposterior length of COP to total contact length was significantly increased (p<0.05), and the ratio of mediolateral width of COP to forefoot contact width was tend to decrease. CONCLUSION: We can identify the characteristics and changes of the foot pressure distribution and the pathway of COP in preschool children with normal foot using F-scan system. These quantitative data of foot scan are useful for evaluating the foot pathology in preschool children during the gait.
Child ; Child, Preschool* ; Foot* ; Gait* ; Humans ; Pathology

OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to determine the renal function by radioisotope renography and to compare the findings of radioisotope renography in the spinal cord injured patients to the clinical presentations and findings of other conventional urologic examinations. METHOD: Intravenous pyelogram(IVP), voiding cystourethrogram(VCUG) and urodynamic study were performed in twenty-five spinal cord injured patients along with serum BUN/Creatinine levels and 24 hour creatinine clearance tests. Technetium-99 m mercaptoacetyltriglycine was used for the radioisotope renography. RESULTS: One abnormal radioisotope renography finding was noted among 22 normal findings by IVP and VCUG studies, while no abnormal finding by IVP and VCUG studies was noted among the subjects with a normal radioisotope renography. Effective renal plasma flow(ERPF) was significantly lower in patients with lower creatinine clearance. ERPF, cortical retention and creatinine clearance values for hyperreflexic bladders were significantly different from areflexic bladders. ERPF was significantly higher in a clean intermittent catheterization group than in a percussion and Cred method group for the hyperreflexic bladders. CONCLUSION: The study proves that the radioisotope renography is a sensitive and valuable study to evaluate the renal dysfunction in the spinal cord injured patients.
Creatinine ; Humans ; Intermittent Urethral Catheterization ; Percussion ; Plasma ; Radioisotope Renography* ; Renal Plasma Flow, Effective ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Urinary Bladder ; Urodynamics

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristics of speech-language development and to find out the relationship between them and radiological findings, and mental/motor developmental quotient in the children with cerebral palsy and other delayed development. METHOD: Fifty-eight children with cerebral palsy or delayed development were evaluated with Bayley scales of infant development, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). At the same time, the speech-language development using several evaluation batteries was assessed. RESULTS: Most of the children with cerebral palsy or delayed development showed delay in speech-language development. There was no relationship between speech-language development and presence of the lesion on brain MRI or SPECT, and mental/motor developmental quotient. CONCLUSION: Speech-language development was delayed in most of the children with cerebral palsy or other delayed development. Therefore, early interventions for speech-language development and comprehensive speech therapy are required for improving functional outcome in these children.
Brain* ; Cerebral Palsy* ; Child Development ; Child* ; Early Intervention (Education) ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Speech Therapy ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Weights and Measures

No abstract available.
Humans ; Somatoform Disorders*

Painful ophthalmoplegia is not common and may be due to variety of causes, of which distant metastsis of malignant lymphoma is rare. This is a case of painful ophthalmoplegia who has looked like Tolosa-Hunt syndrome at first showing normal CSF findings, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and some response to steroid. About 2 months later, however, pelvic malignant lymphoma (diffuse undifferentiated according to Rappaport classification) was found, followed by lymphomatous meningitis. The symptoms of pain and ophthalmoplegia were markedly improved after systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy and radiotherapy of whole brain for the metastatic malignant lymphoma.
Blood Sedimentation ; Brain ; Drug Therapy ; Lymphoma* ; Meningitis ; Ophthalmoplegia* ; Radiotherapy ; Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to compare the safety and efficacy of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) in initial therapy for preterm labor with those of intravenous ritodrine hydrochloride and the effects of tocolytics in uteroplacental circulation, as assessed by uterine artery doppler velocimetry. METHODS: Patients between 24 and 34 weeks gestation with documented preterm labor were randomly assigned to receive transdermal GTN (n=24) or intravenous ritodrine (n=35) as initial tocolytic therapy. Patients in the GTN group were administered 0.2 mg/h released transdermal patch on the pregnant women's abdomen directly. Patient in the ritodrine group were treated 0.025 mg/min as initial dose. The dose increased at 15 minute intervals until uterine contractions were inhibited or side effects become intolerable. The maximum recommended dose was 0.20 mg/min. The main outcome examined were failure of tocolysis, time to uterine quiescence, time gained in utero, and frequency of adverse effects. We obtained both right and left uterine artery doppler velocity waveform before and after tocolytics therapy. The mean values of the right and left uterine artery systolic and diastolic ratio were calculated and used for analysis. RESULTS: There were no significant difference in maternal demographic between the groups. Successful tocolysis was observed in 79.2% in the GTN group, and 85.7% in the ritodrine group (p=0.726). Time to uterine stop contraction was 5.5 +/- 5.3 hr in ritodrine group and 1.1 +/- 0.3 hr in GTN group. There were no different in time to gain in uterus between the two groups. The patient in the ritodrine group had more adverse side effects, mainly maternal tachycardia (p=0.002), chest pain and tremor (p=0.035). There was no significant difference in uterine S/D ratios between the pretherapy and posttherapy GTN group. However, we found statistically significant difference between the pretherapy and 24 hr-posttherapy in ritodrine group. CONCLUSION: Transdermal GTN was effective, safe, and well tolerable tocolytic agent. Patients who received ritodrine hydrochloride were more likely to have adverse effects. We also conclude that GTN do not affect uteroplacental circulations as measured by S/D ratios but ritodrine does. This results suggest that progressively increasing dose of ritodrin and GTN maybe associated with a statistically significant decrease S/D ratios. However, further investigations needs to be performed.
Abdomen ; Chest Pain ; Female ; Humans ; Nitroglycerin* ; Obstetric Labor, Premature* ; Placental Circulation ; Pregnancy ; Rheology ; Ritodrine* ; Tachycardia ; Tocolysis* ; Tocolytic Agents* ; Transdermal Patch ; Tremor ; Uterine Artery ; Uterine Contraction ; Uterus

No abstract available.
Drug Eruptions*

Pancreatic islet cell adenoma is a benign tumor of pancreatic beta-cell and a rare cause of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in children. The authors experienced a case of pancreatic islet cell adenoma(Insulinoma)in a 11 year and 8 month old male who had frequent loss of consciousness and seizure. Enucleation was done after localization of tumor by selective celiac artery angiography and abdominal computed tomography. Diagnosis was confirmed by histologic findings as pancreatic-adenoma, gyriform growth pattern. A brief review of related literature was made.
Adenoma* ; Angiography ; Celiac Artery ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hyperinsulinism ; Hypoglycemia ; Infant ; Islets of Langerhans ; Male ; Seizures ; Unconsciousness

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Collagen Type IV* ; Female ; Laminin*

PURPOSE: To compare image quality of storage phosphor digital radiography(DR) with film-screen radiography in portable chest imaging, and to assess the minimum X-ray dose that can be applied to DR in adults without image degradation, and also to compare image qualities of low dose and standard dose DR. Materials and Methalos: A geometrical phantom similar to the human thorax was imaged by a portable radiographic unit with fixed kVp and variable m^s in both film-screen and DR systems. Three radiologists scored the images by four grades in four categories of 1) contrast between mediastinum and lung, 2) definition of the nodule in the lung, 3) definition of another nodule through the mediastinal shadow, and 4) grainess(noise : assessed only in DR). Additionally, portable chest images were obtained in 10 patients in a intensive care unit by film-screen, standard dose and half dose DR in consecutive days. The same readers scored the images by four grades in six categories of 1) the lungs and hila, 2) the mediastinum, 3) subphrenic area. 4) musculoskeletal shadow, 5) tubes and lines, and 6) grainess (only in DR). The images with superior quality were assessed by paired t-test. RESULTS: In phantom study, the minimum dose of digital images scored 3 or more by all readers was 39% of the standard dose. In patient study, DR was superior to film-screen radiography in all categories except tube and line. Low dose DR was not inferior to standard dose DR in five categories other than grainess to two readers or more. CONCLUSION: In portable chest imaging, storage phosphor DR image was superior to conventional film-screen radiography and half dose DR was comparable to standard dose DR despite of more noise.
Adult ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Lung ; Mediastinum ; Noise ; Radiographic Image Enhancement* ; Radiography ; Thorax*