Benign idiopathic neonatal convulsion is a rare disorder which has no family history of convulsion and develops before and after the 5th day in a healthy full-term neonate. Its characteristics appear focal, or multifocal clonic seizures but rare tonic seizures lasting about several minutes. It reveals non-specific findings in neurologic examination, neuroimaging and EEG(electroencephalography) so that it should be differentiated from those diseases such as eletronic imbalance, inborn errors of metabolism, other neonatal epileptic syndromes. We report two healthy full-term female neonates presented with multifocal clonic seizures before and after the 5th day after birth. They had no family history of convulsion, fetal asphyxia, fetal and maternal problems and the neurologic examination and neuroimagings were normal. The convulsions were controlled by intravenous phenobarbital injection. They had no more convulsions ever since and showed normal development at the follow-up performed one year later. We experienced a rare disorder, benign neonatal convulsion in healthy full-term neonates. We hope this report will help its diagnosis and treatment and prevent unnecessary long- term anticonvulsant medication.
Asphyxia ; Epilepsy, Benign Neonatal ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; Neuroimaging ; Neurologic Examination ; Parturition ; Phenobarbital ; Seizures

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different intensity of aerobic exercise for four weeks on cardiovascular risk factors, reactive oxygen, and antioxidant enzymes in old mice. Methods: Eighteen male C57BL/6 mice age 18 months were randomly classified into the control group (n=6), the moderate intensity exercise group (n=6), and the low intensity exercise group (n=6). The training groups performed the aerobic exercise twice daily for 20 minutes, five days weekly for four weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Chi-square test, and the Tukey’s test with the SPSSWIN 21.0 program. Results: In this study, among the risk factors of cardiovascular disease, blood sugar (BS) (p=.023) and total cholesterol (TC) (p=.001) were significantly different between the moderate intensity exercise group and the control group. Additionally, there were significant differences in the reactive oxygen malondialdehyde (MDA) (p=.001), the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p<.001) and glutathione reductase (GR) (p=.015) between the moderate intensity exercise group and the control group. Conclusion This finding suggests that moderate intensity aerobic exercise promotes the activity of antioxidant enzymes and lowers cardiovascular risk factors in older mice.

No abstract available.
Eczema* ; Scrotum ; Syphilis*

Chronic bronchiolitis is a condition associated with cigarette smoking, and later associated with pulmonary parenchymal alteration and progressive deterioration of lung function. Early respiratory bronchiolitis was produced in Sprague-Dawley rats by indirect inhalation of cigarette smoke daily in a smoke exposure chamber designed by authors for 1 month. Experimental group A (n=5) was sacrificed after having smoked 30 cigarettes, group B (n=5) after 80 cigarette, and group C (n=7) after 140 cigarettes, respectively. Examination of morphologic changes in the lungs was done on light microscope, transmission and scanning electron microscopes. Light microscopically, increase in number of goblet cells in the bronchial mucosa, brown-pigmented macrophages in the alveoli, multifocal alveolar collapse adjacent to the bronchioles, dilatation of alveolar ducts and alveolar spaces were observed. Transmission electron microscopically, irregularly shaped Clara cells, alveolar wall collapse, and focally type I epithelial cell injury were seen. Scanning electron microscopically, scattered alveolar collapse, irregular dilatation of alveolar ducts, alveolar spaces and interalveolar pores (pores of Kohn) were seen. The terminal and respiratory bronchioles showed morphological alteration of Clara cells, but no evidence of cellular bronchiolitis or bronchiolar obstruction. We conclude that sidestream smoke induces an early respiratory bronchiolitis including aggregates of brown pigmented macrophages and varying degrees of structural alteration of adjacent pulmonary parenchyma.
Bronchioles ; Bronchiolitis ; Dilatation ; Epithelial Cells ; Goblet Cells ; Inhalation ; Lung ; Macrophages ; Mucous Membrane ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Smoke* ; Smoking ; Tobacco Products*

BACKGROUND: Defects in TGF-beta receptors have been found in a variety of malignant cells, we therefore investigated whether these defects could be also demonstrated in leukemic cells. In addition, we analyzed the relation between TGF-beta receptor expression and responsiveness to TGF-beta-induced growth inhibitory effects. METHODS: Eleven human leukemic cell lines and two normal cell lines were recruited for the study. To evaluate the expression of TGF-beta receptor type I (RI) and type II (RII), Western blotting analysis was conducted utilizing two kinds of primary antibodies against both RI and RII. Band strength was quantitated with densitometry. Moreover, specific peptides against primary antibodies were employed for competitive inhibition assay. Responsiveness to TGF-beta1 was assessed by [3H] thymidine uptake. RESULTS: Bands of same molecular size were demonstrated by two different primary antibodies. Peptides against RI or RII antibodies successfully blocked the emergence of RI or RII message, respectively, verifying that former bands represented specific RI or RII. Relative RI levels in leukemic cells except HL-60 compared with CCL-64, normal lung epithelial cells, were in the range of 0.48~1.14. In contrast, relative RII levels, although variable between individual cells, were less than 0.25 in all the leukemic cells. Percents [3H]thymidine uptake of leukemic cells at 10 ng/mL of TGF-beta1 compared with untreated control were widely distributed in the range of 7.7~62.9%. Positive correlation between RII levels and TGF-beta responsiveness was observed (P=0.025). CONCLUSION: Defective RI expression seems to be rare, however, defective RII expression appears to be rather common in leukemic cells. Positive correlation between RII levels and TGF-beta responsiveness suggests role of defective RII expression in the acquisition of resistance to TGF-beta in leukemic cells.
Antibodies ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line* ; Densitometry ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Lung ; Peptides ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Thymidine ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

Much has been tried to avoid the toxicity and increase the quality of local anesthesia during epidural anesthesia. One idea is that a mixture of local anesthetics would give better result than separate in jections. This study was undertaken to compare the use of lidocaine alone in contrast to a lidoca-ine-tetracaine mixture. Thirty three cases of epidural anesthesia were performed at Dae-Jeon Eul Ji Hospital from Jan. to Nov. 1985. The results were as follow; 1) There was no difference in the time of onset of anesthesia between the single k Mixt-ure groups. 2) The duration of anesthesia from the mixture was longer than lidocaine by itself. 3) Muscle relaxation from the mixture was superior to lidocaine alone. 4) Toxicity of the mixture was no more than lidocaine alone. 5) In all the groups, pressure drop in diastole was more than that of systole. The heart rate was normal or slightly increased. In conclusion, the use of the lidocaine-tetracaine mixture was better than lidocaine alone for epidural anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Anesthesia, Local ; Anesthetics, Local ; Diastole ; Heart Rate ; Lidocaine ; Muscle Relaxation ; Systole

PURPOSE: The efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in the treatment of pediatric urolithiasis was evaluated, and a retrospective analysis of the feasibility of various methods of pain control for ESWL performed according to the age of the patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1987 and 2004, 30 boys and 32 girls diagnosed with urolithiasis were treated. Their records were reviewed and analyzed for metabolic and anatomical anomalies, the size and location of the stones and for the treatment outcomes and complications. RESULTS: The success rates were 27.4, 61.3 and 80.6% after one, two and three sessions of ESWL, respectively, with an overall success rate of 93.5%. The locations of the stone were the upper calyx, the mid calyx, the lower calyx, the upper ureter, the mid ureter and the lower ureter in 6, 4, 7, 15, 4 and 25 cases, respectively. All patients underwent ESWL with a piezoelectric lithotriptor (EDAP LT02). There was only one patient who required general anesthesia. Most of the patients younger than 6 years underwent the ESWL with IM or IV sedation only. Generally, the patients older than 6 years old required no sedation. Pyelonephritis occurred in one patient (1.6%). CONCLUSIONS: ESWL is an efficient and safe treatment modality for pediatric urolithiasis. Patients older than 6 years can undergo ESWL with analgesics or oral sedation only.
Analgesics ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Lithotripsy* ; Pediatrics ; Pyelonephritis ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock* ; Ureter ; Urolithiasis*

We have experienced 25 cases of aortic aneurysm from October 1987 to January 1996. Patients ranged in age from 26yrs to 73yrs(mean age 52.5yrs). There were 13 males and 12 females. Eighteen cases were thoracic aneurysm and seven were abdominal aneurysm. The cause of aneurysm were dissecting in 16cases aneurysms and non-dissecting in 9 cases. Risk factors of aortic aneurysm were hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, Marfan's syndrome. In thoracic aneurysm patients, 12 cases of dissecting aneurysm underwent aneurysmectomy and replacement of vessel interposition graft with or without coronary artery implantation on the graft. 6 cases of non-dissecting aneurysm underwent operation with same policy as dissecting aneurysm. In 7 case of abdominal aneurysm,all patients underwent aneurysmectomy and graft interposition with straight or Y graft. There were 5 postoperative death(mortality 20%). Several cases of complications were improved with proper managements. All survivors showed improvement in clinical symptom and sign and discharged without specific complications.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Dissecting ; Aortic Aneurysm* ; Coronary Vessels ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hypertension ; Male ; Marfan Syndrome ; Risk Factors ; Survivors ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Cystatin C* ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated* ; Humans

The authors describe a case of intracranial epidermoid cyst with fourth ventricle involvement. A 43-year-old woman presented with progressive aggravating headache and cerebellar syndrome due to a large tumor in the fourth ventricle, that extended into the left side of foramen of Luschka. The histopathological workup following gross total removal of tumor had revealed the typical features of an epidermoid cyst. Four months after surgery, the cerebellar sings recovered to normal with a remarkable improvement of headache. Epidermoid cysts involving the fourth ventricle have been known to be one of the most rare diseases in the central nervous system. This rare case is discussed and a review of the relevant literature is presented.
Adult ; Central Nervous System ; Cerebellar Diseases ; Epidermal Cyst* ; Female ; Fourth Ventricle* ; Headache ; Humans ; Rare Diseases