Purpose: To evaluate the ability of the Hounsfield unit (HU) measurement of the femoral neck during multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) for assessing osteoporosis compared with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Materials and Methods: Forty-two patients with femoral neck fractures who underwent MDCT and DXA from July to December 2016 were included in this study. HU measurements were made of the cancellous portions of the normal contralateral femoral neck on MDCT. Bone mineral density (BMD) and T-scores were obtained at the femur DXA. Correlations of HU values with BMD and T-scores were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation test. Results: The mean BMD and T-score of the femoral neck were 0.650 g/cm2 and -2.4, respectively. The mean HU values for the normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups were 131.9, 98.9, and 41.3, respectively. HU values at the femoral neck were positively correlated with BMD (r2 = 0.670; p < 0.001) and T-scores (r 2 = 0.676; p < 0.001). Conclusion The HU values of the femoral neck on MDCT are significantly correlated with BMD and T-scores of femur DXA. The HU values may serve as a diagnostic tool for the screening of regional bone quality when MDCT is performed for other reasons.

Anterior cortex of the tibia is one of the intractable stress fracture sites ocurring in athletes, which are result of repetitive use damage that exceeds the intrinsic ability of the bone to repair itself. It is sometimes difficulty to repair the anterior cortical stress fracture, which result in delayed union or nonunion. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) can be an useful method in the management of stress fracture of the anterior cortex of the tibia. We present a case of an young athlete affected by chronic stress fractures of the anterior cortex of the tibia that received low energy ESWT. The clinical result was excellent and he was able to gradually return to sports activities.
Athletes ; Fractures, Stress ; Humans ; Shock ; Sports ; Tibia

Pulmonary aspergillosis is classified as a saprophytic, allergic, and invasive disease. Chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis is categorized as an invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Most invasive pulmonary aspergillosis have acute and toxic clinical features but chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis is characterized by a sub-acute infection, most commonly seen in patients with altered local defense system from preexisting pulmonary disease of in mild immunocompromised patients. Pulmonary artery aneurysm due to this infection is termed as a mycotic aneurysm, etiology of which are tuberculosis, syphilis, bacteria and fungus. We report a case chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis complicating pulmonary aneurysm is a 62 year-old man who was presented with cough, sputum, and fever. Chest radiographs showed a rapid, progressive cavitary lesion and pulmonary artery aneurysm. Angioinvastion of aspergillus was revealed by pathology after operative removal of left upper lobe containing the pulmonary artery aneurysm. He was treated with itraconazole.
Aneurysm* ; Aneurysm, Infected ; Aspergillus ; Bacteria ; Cough ; Fever ; Fungi ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis* ; Itraconazole ; Lung Diseases ; Pathology ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Pulmonary Aspergillosis ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Sputum ; Syphilis ; Tuberculosis

Purpose: This study was conducted to update the Nutrition Quotient for Adolescents (NQ-A), which is used to assess the overall dietary quality and food behavior among Korean adolescents. Methods: The first 30 candidate items of the measurable eating behavior checklist were obtained based on a previous NQ-A checklist, the results of the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey data, national nutrition policies and dietary guidelines, and literature reviews. A total of 100 middle and high school students residing in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province participated in a pilot study using the 25-item checklist. Factor analysis and frequency analysis were conducted to determine if the checklist items were organized properly and whether the responses to each item were distributed adequately, respectively. As a result, 22 checklist items were selected for the nationwide survey, which was applied to 1,000 adolescent subjects with stratified sampling from 6 metropolitan cities. The construct validity of the updated NQ-A 2021 was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. Results: Twenty checklist items were determined for the final NQ-A 2021. The items were composed of three factors: balance (8 items), moderation (9 items), and practice (3 items). The standardized path coefficients were used as the weights of items to determine the nutrition quotients. NQ-A 2021 and 3-factor scores were calculated according to the weights of questionnaire items. The weight for each of the 3 factors was determined as follows: balance, 0.15; moderation, 0.30; and practice, 0.55. Conclusion The updated NQ-A 2021 is a useful instrument for easily and quickly evaluating the dietary qualities and eating behaviors of Korean adolescents

Purpose: This study was undertaken to revise and update the Nutrition Quotient (NQ) for Korean adults, a tool used to evaluate dietary quality and behavior. Methods: The first 31 items of the measurable food behavior checklist were adopted based on considerations of the previous NQ checklist, recent literature reviews, national nutrition policies, and recommendations. A pilot survey was conducted on 100 adults aged 19 to 64 residing in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province from March to April 2021 using a provisional 26-item checklist. Pilot survey data were analyzed using factor analysis and frequency analysis to determine whether checklist items were well organized and responses to questions were well distributed, respectively. As a result, the number of items on the food behavior checklist was reduced to 23 for the nationwide survey, which was administered to 1,000 adults (470 men and 530 women) aged 19 to 64 from May to August 2021. The construct validity of the developed NQ (NQ-2021) was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis, linear structural relations. Results: Eighteen items in 3 categories, that is, balance (8 items), moderation (6 items), and practice (4 items), were finally included in NQ-2021 food behavior checklist. ‘Balance’ items addressed the intake frequencies of essential foods, ‘moderation’ items the frequencies of unhealthy food intakes or behaviors, and ‘practice’ items addressed eating behaviors. Items and categories were weighted using standardized path coefficients to calculate NQ-2021 scores. Conclusion The updated NQ-2021 appears to be suitable for easily and quickly assessing the diet qualities and behaviors of Korean adults.

Purpose: This study was undertaken to update the Nutrition Quotient for Elderly (NQ-E), which reflects dietary quality and behavior among Korean older adults. Methods: The first 29 items of the measurable food behavior checklist were obtained from a previous NQ-E checklist, recent literature reviews, and national nutrition policies and recommendations. One-hundred subjects (50 men and 50 women) aged ≥ 65 years living in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, including Gyeonggi Province, completed a pilot survey from March to April 2021. Based on the results of the pilot study, we conducted factor analysis and frequency analysis to determine whether the items of the survey were properly organized and whether the distribution of answers for each evaluation item was properly distributed. As a result, we reduced the number of items on the food behavior checklist and used 23 items for the national survey. Nationwide, 1,000 subjects (472 men and 528 women) aged > 65 years, completed the checklist survey, which was applied using a face-to-face survey method from May to August 2021. The construct validity of the NQ-E 2021 was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis, LISREL. Results: Seventeen food behavior checklist items were selected for the final NQ-E 2021.Checklist items addressed three factors: balance (8 items), moderation (2 items), and practice (7 items). Standardized path coefficients were used as the weights of items to determine nutrition quotients. NQ-E and three-factor scores were calculated according to the weights of questionnaire items. Conclusion The updated NQ-E 2021 produced by structural equation modelling provides a suitable tool for assessing the dietary quality and behavior of Korean older adults.

OBJECTIVE: To see how people think about their own feet, and evaluate whether there are correlations among self-awareness of the participants and clinical examination findings. METHODS: Adult twins and their families who participated in the Healthy Twin study from May 2008 to April 2010 were recruited. Participants were asked whether they thought their feet were normal, flat, or cavus. The lateral talometatarsal angles were measured on foot X-rays to determine the foot arch height. Using the podoscopic footprints taken with the podobaroscope, the Staheli arch index was also measured. Kappa statistics were used to calculate degree of agreement among the three measurement methods. RESULTS: Self-awareness and radiographic findings were significantly different (Pearson chi-square test, p=0.000) and only slightly agreed (kappa measure of agreement=0.136, p=0.000). Self-awareness and podoscopy results revealed a significant difference (Pearson chi-square test, p=0.000), with only slight agreement (kappa measure of agreement=0.072, p=0.000). CONCLUSION: There is significant disagreement between patients' perception of their feet and actual test results. Many people may have an incorrect assumption about their own foot conditions that may be reflected in improper management. Dissemination of accurate information about foot disorders by foot clinicians would be helpful.
Adult ; Flatfoot ; Foot Deformities ; Foot* ; Humans ; Twins

BACKGROUND: Hyperplastic neointima is one of the major mechanisms of restenosis following balloon angioplasty in selected patients with symptomatic angina pectoris. Elevation of cellular cyclic nucleotide levels such as cAMP and cGMP are known to inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) increases intracellular cAMP and cGMP by nonselective inhibition of phosphodiesterases (PDEs). We conducted this study under the hypothesis that local delivery of IBMX could inhibit neointimal hyperplasia after balloon injury of the rat carotid artery. METHODS: Left common carotid artery of 10 week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to arterial injury by 2F Fogarty balloon catheter. After injury, animals were allocated to the control groups (control 1: injury control and control 2: pluronic gel plus DMSO control) and IBMX group, which received pluronic polymer gel, DMSO and IBMX mixture periadventitially. After 3 weeks, the rats were killed by overdose of ketamine, and the injured left arteries were pressure-fixed with 10% formalin and subjected to histomorphological analysis. RESULTS: Mean body weight of rats was not statistically different among study groups. The mean area of neointima (control group 1:0.28+/-0.05 mm2,Control group 2:0.27+/-0.08 mm2 , IBMX group:0.18+/-0.08 mm2 : p<0.05) and the mean ratio of neointima to medial area[versus (control group 1:1.89+/-0.37, control group 2:1.95+/-0.41, IBMX group: 1.41+/-0.47: p<0.05)] were significantly less in IBMX group. The mean area of external elastic lamina was significantly larger in control group 1 than IBMX group (0.57+/-0.07 mm2 versus 0.47+/-0.10 mm2 ) and mean luminal area showed no significant difference among groups (control group1:0.14+/-0.07 mm2 , control group 2: 0.10+/-0.05 mm2 , control group 3: 0.16+/-0.06 mm2). CONCLUSION: Peri-adventitial single administration of IBMX showed its effectiveness in reducing the neointimal proliferation in rat carotid balloon injury model. Furthermore we observed the positive correlation between intimal area and EELA suggesting vascular remodeling depending on the intima volume.
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine* ; Angina Pectoris ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; Animals ; Arteries ; Body Weight ; Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Catheters ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Ketamine ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Neointima ; Phenobarbital ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases ; Polymers ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

BACKGROUND: Hyperplastic neointima is one of the major mechanisms of restenosis following balloon angioplasty in selected patients with symptomatic angina pectoris. Elevation of cellular cyclic nucleotide levels such as cAMP and cGMP are known to inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) increases intracellular cAMP and cGMP by nonselective inhibition of phosphodiesterases (PDEs). We conducted this study under the hypothesis that local delivery of IBMX could inhibit neointimal hyperplasia after balloon injury of the rat carotid artery. METHODS: Left common carotid artery of 10 week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to arterial injury by 2F Fogarty balloon catheter. After injury, animals were allocated to the control groups (control 1: injury control and control 2: pluronic gel plus DMSO control) and IBMX group, which received pluronic polymer gel, DMSO and IBMX mixture periadventitially. After 3 weeks, the rats were killed by overdose of ketamine, and the injured left arteries were pressure-fixed with 10% formalin and subjected to histomorphological analysis. RESULTS: Mean body weight of rats was not statistically different among study groups. The mean area of neointima (control group 1:0.28+/-0.05 mm2,Control group 2:0.27+/-0.08 mm2 , IBMX group:0.18+/-0.08 mm2 : p<0.05) and the mean ratio of neointima to medial area[versus (control group 1:1.89+/-0.37, control group 2:1.95+/-0.41, IBMX group: 1.41+/-0.47: p<0.05)] were significantly less in IBMX group. The mean area of external elastic lamina was significantly larger in control group 1 than IBMX group (0.57+/-0.07 mm2 versus 0.47+/-0.10 mm2 ) and mean luminal area showed no significant difference among groups (control group1:0.14+/-0.07 mm2 , control group 2: 0.10+/-0.05 mm2 , control group 3: 0.16+/-0.06 mm2). CONCLUSION: Peri-adventitial single administration of IBMX showed its effectiveness in reducing the neointimal proliferation in rat carotid balloon injury model. Furthermore we observed the positive correlation between intimal area and EELA suggesting vascular remodeling depending on the intima volume.
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine* ; Angina Pectoris ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; Animals ; Arteries ; Body Weight ; Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Catheters ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Ketamine ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Neointima ; Phenobarbital ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases ; Polymers ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify errors in statistical descriptions in articles published in the journal of Korean Radiological Society and to suggest guidelines for the reduction of such errors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In order to investigate statistical errors, 139 of the 514 original articles published between July 1994 were analysed. To assess the validity of statistical descriptions, five items were evaluated. The five items included descriptions of basic data, statistical tests and their results, tables, articles which had presented two or more statistical methods or results, and the Chi-square test. RESULTS: The percentages of correct descriptions of basic data, statistical tests and their results, tables, articles which had presented two or more statistical methods or results, and the Chi-square test were 86.3%, 74.8%, 24.4%, 76.7% and 79.4%, respectively. In 50 of 139 articles (36.0%), statistical descriptions were correct. CONCLUSION: More than half of the articles assessed contained statistical errors; inaccuracies of this kind might raise doubts about the objective validity of an article and the authors should there fore be careful when performing a study which needs statistical descriptions.