PURPOSE: Little data is currently available on the use of the impulse oscillometry system (IOS) parameter in analyzing the lung function of young children with cough-variant asthma (CVA) and classic asthma. The aims of this study were to evaluate the bronchial responsiveness between patients with CVA and those with classic asthma using dose-response slope and various cutoff values. METHODS: A methacholine challenge test and a pulmonary function test were performed in 43 children with classic asthma and 26 children with CVA using IOS, and the respiratory resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) were obtained. The bronchial responsiveness were assessed by provocative concentration causing an 80% fall from baseline in reactance at 5 Hz (PC80_Xrs5) and a 40% increase in resistance at 5 Hz (PC40_Rrs5) and calculating from the degree of dose-response slope (DRS) for airway resistance and reactance. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in base lung function between the two groups. However, the mean DRS_Xrs5 and the number who showed more than an 80% fall in reactance were significantly higher in classic asthma group than those in CVA group (P=0.040 and P=0.040, respectively). CONCLUSION: The use of DRS in oscillatory reactance at 5 Hz is useful for the differential diagnosis of classic asthma and CVA based on bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
Airway Resistance ; Asthma* ; Bronchial Hyperreactivity ; Child* ; Cough ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Lung ; Methacholine Chloride ; Oscillometry ; Respiratory Function Tests

PURPOSE: To present the procedure and results of dorsal wedge osteotomy fixated by bioabsorbable polyglycolide pins for the treatment of symptomatic Freiberg's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1997 to December 2002, six patients with Freiberg's disease underwent dorsal wedge osteotomy of the metatarsal neck to bring the healthy plantar part of the metatarsal head into articulation. Bioabsorbable polyglycolide pins were used for the fixation and short-leg walking cast was applied for 4 weeks. RESULTS: All patients returned to full daily activities without pain in three months after the operation. Radiographically, solid healing of the osteotomy was observed at average ten weeks. The active range of motion of the metatarsophalangeal joint increased by a mean gain of 30 degrees, and no complication such as displacement, osteolysis or sinus formation was observed. CONCLUSION: Dorsal wedge osteotomy fixated by bioabsorbable pins for patients with symptomatic Freiberg's disease is effective procedure that provides relatively early range of motion exercise and avoids second procedure for implant removal.
Head ; Humans ; Metatarsal Bones ; Metatarsophalangeal Joint ; Neck ; Osteolysis ; Osteotomy* ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Walking

PURPOSE: To present the procedure and results of dorsal wedge osteotomy fixated by bioabsorbable polyglycolide pins for the treatment of symptomatic Freiberg's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1997 to December 2002, six patients with Freiberg's disease underwent dorsal wedge osteotomy of the metatarsal neck to bring the healthy plantar part of the metatarsal head into articulation. Bioabsorbable polyglycolide pins were used for the fixation and short-leg walking cast was applied for 4 weeks. RESULTS: All patients returned to full daily activities without pain in three months after the operation. Radiographically, solid healing of the osteotomy was observed at average ten weeks. The active range of motion of the metatarsophalangeal joint increased by a mean gain of 30 degrees, and no complication such as displacement, osteolysis or sinus formation was observed. CONCLUSION: Dorsal wedge osteotomy fixated by bioabsorbable pins for patients with symptomatic Freiberg's disease is effective procedure that provides relatively early range of motion exercise and avoids second procedure for implant removal.
Head ; Humans ; Metatarsal Bones ; Metatarsophalangeal Joint ; Neck ; Osteolysis ; Osteotomy* ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Walking

Recently, in Korea, the importance of preparation and use of injectable drugs has been emphasized due to successive fatal accidents caused by injection infections. Parenteral nutrition (PN) has also been identified as a cause of infection. Cases of infection due to PN have been reported not only in Korea, but also abroad, and contamination occurs mainly during the preparation of PN. Because sterile preparation and compounding of injections are very important for infection control and patient safety, this article reviews the major guidelines outlined thus far. The Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in 2006 published guidelines and the KSHP (Korean Society of Health-System Pharmacists) recently issued guidelines for the aseptic preparation of injections. In addition, as US guidelines, the ASHP (American Society of Health-System Pharmacists) guidelines and United States Pharmacopeia (USP) < 797 > are also reviewed. The recent guidelines published by the KSHP have significance in that they were adopted in accordance with the domestic reality, even though they conform to foreign guidelines, and are expected to be guidelines for hospital pharmacists performing aseptic preparation work. In addition, the Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare is considering appropriate guidelines for the safe management of medications, training staff for infection prevention and strengthening staff capacity. Furthermore, the gradual expansion of aseptic compounding facilities and human resources, as well as the provision of adequate medical costs are also considered. Based on the establishment and standardization of injectable drugs compounding guidelines for Korean hospitals, it is believed that if human resources and facilities are supported and medical charges are improved, it will be possible to expect the safer preparation and use of injections.
Drug Compounding ; Humans ; Infection Control* ; Korea ; Parenteral Nutrition* ; Patient Safety ; Pharmacists ; United States

The authors revised some errors regarding Table 5 and 6 in the article as the corrigendum. Because it is not official and may be changed in the revision due out in June 2019, Table 5 and 6 should be deleted and do not refer to it.

Four 3-day-old piglets with retarded growth were submitted to the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency for diagnosis. Necropsy showed that one piglet had black spots ranging from 2 mm to 1 cm in diameter in the cerebellum, lungs, regional lymph nodes, and cecum. Histological findings were consistent with the gross appearance in which melanin pigmentation was observed in the organs mentioned above. Based on Fontana-Masson staining, we diagnosed this animal with systemic melanosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of systemic melanosis in black breeds of swine in Korea.
Animals ; Cecum ; Cerebellum ; Diagnosis ; Korea ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Melanins ; Melanosis* ; Pigmentation ; Plants ; Quarantine ; Swine

PURPOSE: We aimed to determine the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and nonallergic rhinitis, difference in symptoms between allergic rhinitis and nonallergic rhinitis, and the association between lung function and the degree of asthma control in children with asthma. METHODS: One hundred seventy patients who were followed-up for asthma treatment at the department of pediatrics of CHA Bundang Medical Center were enrolled in this study. We conducted the questionnaire regarding coexistence of rhinitis, childhood asthma control test (C-ACT), and the basic lung function test. The patients were classified as allergic rhinitis group and nonallergic rhinitis group according to the response to 11 common inhalation and food allergens, and assessed the degree of asthma control and the severity of rhinitis. RESULTS: One hundred thirty patients (73%) were found to have rhinitis. Of these, 79 patients (53%) had allergic rhinitis and 34 patients (20%) had nonallergic rhinitis. The allergic rhinitis group was older than the nonallergic rhinitis group or the nonrhinitis group (7.73+/-2.85 vs. 5.97+/-2.48 vs. 6.12+/-2.70, P<0.001). Nasal itching sense was more prevalent in the allergic-rhinitis group than in the nonallergic rhinitis group (3.23+/-1.90 vs. 2.44+/-1.56, P=0.036). There was an inverse correlation between the rhinitis and C-ACT (r= -0.329, P<0.05). Of note, nasal obstruction symptom was highly correlated with C-ACT (r=-0.334, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Allergic rhinitis and nonallergic rhinitis were highly prevalent in the pediatric patients with asthma and both of them had a significantly adverse impact on asthma control by rhinitis-itself. Therefore, regardless of atopic status, clinicians should focus on relieving rhinitis symptoms.
Allergens ; Asthma ; Child ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Lung ; Nasal Obstruction ; Pediatrics ; Prevalence ; Pruritus ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Rhinitis ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Allergic disease and its comorbidities significantly influence the quality of life. Although the comorbidities of allergic diseases are well described in adult populations, little is known about them in preschool children. In the present study, we aimed to assess the prevalence and comorbidity of allergic diseases in Korean preschool children. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study comprising 615 Korean children (age, 3 to 6 years). Symptoms of allergic diseases were assessed using the Korean version of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire that was modified for preschool children. Comorbidities of allergic diseases were assessed by 'In the last 12 months, has your child had symptoms?'. RESULTS: The prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis as recorded using the ISAAC questionnaire, within the last 12 months was 13.8%, 40.7%, and 20.8%, respectively. The symptom rates of allergic conjunctivitis, food allergy, and drug allergy were 14.8%, 10.4%, and 0.8%, respectively. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children with asthma was 64.3% and that of asthma in children with allergic rhinitis was 21.6%. The prevalence of rhinitis in children with conjunctivitis was 64.8% and that of conjunctivitis in children with rhinitis was 23.6%. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of current rhinitis in our preschool children is shown to be higher than that previously reported. Allergic conjunctivitis is closely associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis. However, further studies are warranted to determine the prevalence and effects of these comorbidities on health outcomes in preschool children.
Adult ; Asthma ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Comorbidity ; Conjunctivitis ; Conjunctivitis, Allergic ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rhinitis ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial

Bronchial carcinosarcoma is a very rare malignant tumor that is composed of carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. We describe the first case in which digital tomosynthesis was useful for the evaluation of airway obstruction by bronchial carcinosarcoma that was overlooked on initial chest radiography.
Airway Obstruction* ; Carcinosarcoma* ; Radiography ; Thorax

PURPOSE: To investigate mid-term clinical outcomes of various methods of scapholunate reconstruction for chronic scapholunate instability. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 11 patients diagnosed as chronic scapholunate instability, from 2005 to 2013 and followed up for more than one year after surgery. 7 patients were treated with Garcia technique of triple ligament reconstruction, 2, bone-ligamemt-bone repair, and 2, dorsal capsulodesis. Mean age was 42 years (range, 23-61 years). The right side was involved in 6 patients, and the left in 5. The follow-up period averaged 42 months (range, 13-125 months). The postoperative functional outcomes were assessed with Modified Mayo wrist score (MMWS), disability of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score and range of motion. The postoperative radiologic results were analyzed with the change of scapholunate angle and distance. RESULTS: The mean MMWS score improved from 65 preoperatively to 77 postoperatively (p=0.072). The mean DASH score improved from 29.4 (range, 18.3-43.3) preoperatively to 12.7 (range, 0-38.3) postoperatively (p=0.003). The dorsiflexion increased from 67° to 78°, the volar flexion decreased from 51° to 45°, the supination increased from 69° to 88°, and the pronation increased from 62° to 66°. The SL angle changed from 55° preoperatively to 51° postoperatively, the mean SL distance changed from 3.4 mm preoperatively to 1.7 mm postoperatively. CONCLUSION: The chronic scapholunate instability is amenable to various techniques and postoperative functional outcomes improved satisfactory.
Arm ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Humans ; Ligaments* ; Pronation ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder ; Supination ; Wrist