Objective: There is limited understanding of which specific factors relate to smartphone addiction in the elderly. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between types of smartphone use, digital literacy, and smartphone addiction in the elderly. Methods: It used data from a survey on smartphone overdependence by the South Korea National Information Society Agency in 2019. Participants were 3,121 older people (1,627 males, 1,494 females; mean age=63.83 [standard deviation=2.88 years]). We conducted hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results: The results of a hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that smartphone usage time was positively related to smartphone addiction. Entertainment-seeking and life service types of smartphone use, and digital literacy were positively associated with smartphone addiction. Conversely, smartphone use for information-seeking and communication-seeking was negatively related to smartphone addiction. Conclusion This study suggests that it is necessary to understand different types of smartphone uses in the elderly and to educate the elderly on digital literacy to prevent smartphone addiction. In future studies, it will be necessary to re-confirm the relationship between smartphone usage type, digital literacy, and smartphone addiction in the elderly (including participants in their 70s or older).

Objective: This study was to examine the mediated moderation effect of mindfulness through rumination on the relationship between perceived stress and smartphone addiction. In particular, this study examined the moderating effect of mindfulness in detail by dividing it into five sub-factors. Methods: An online self-report questionnaires were conducted on 697 participants aged 20 to 59. Finally, 681 participants (male=356, female=325) were included final analysis. Moderating effect, mediated moderating effect were verified using PROCESS macro for SPSS v3.5. Results: First, perceived stress was positively related to smartphone addiction. Second, rumination mediated the relationship between perceived stress and smartphone addiction. Third, acting with awareness and nonjudging of experience, which are a sub-factor of mindfulness, moderated the relationship between perceived stress and smartphone addiction. Fourth, mindfulness facets (acting with awareness and nonjudging of experience) moderated the relationship between rumination and smartphone addiction. Finally, there was a mediated moderating effect of mindfulness facets (acting with awareness and nonjudging of experience) on the relationship between perceived stress and smartphone addiction through rumination. Conclusion This research suggests the useful and specific therapeutic interventions that help lower the level of the adults’ addiction on smartphones.

The purpose of this study was to compare the changes of retentive force in different stud attachment systems for implant retained overdenture. Two commercially available attachments with different retentive forces were investigated: Kerator (pink, blue, red) and O-ring (orange, red). Two implant fixtures were vertically embedded in base mountings. Five pairs of each attachment were evaluated. A universal testing machine was used to evaluate the retentive force of two attachments during wear simulation. Surface characteristics of each attachment system were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. Five pairs of each attachment were evaluated. Kerator pink showed the highest initial retention. After 2,500 cycles of wear-simulation, Kerator pink noted the largest decrease in retention. According to results of surface analysis, Worn surfaces were obtained in matrices and patrices. Heavy wears were observed in matrices. After 2 year-wear simulation, most attachments exhibited retention loss. Attachments using different kind of material exhibited dissimilar surface alterations.
Denture, Overlay* ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

"We retrospectively reviewed the results of 1,850 fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of thyroid nodules performed from 1990 to 1991 in the Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital. Among 1,528 cases and 322 cases aspirated by clinicians and a pathologist, 465 cases (30.4%) and 13 cases (4.0%) of the aspirates were inadequate, respectively. In 227 cases, correlation of the FNAC diagnosis and histologic diagnosis was done. Excluding the inadequate cases, the sensitivity for the detection of neoplasm (malignancy together with follicular adenoma) was 86.4% and the specificity was 70.7%. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 79.0%. There were 16 false-positive cases (7.0%), and 19 false-negative cases (8.4%). The predictive value of each cytologic diagnosis was 92% in papillary carcinoma, and 100% in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The expectancy of malignancy was 52.8% in ""suspicious malignancy"" and 26.7% in ""atypical lesion""."
Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Diagnosis ; Pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Seoul ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Nodule ; Thyroiditis

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of four surface treatment methods to improve zirconia roughness and three types of resin cement on the shear bond strength (SBS). Materials and methods: A total of 120 zirconia blocks were randomly divided into four surface treatments: non-treatment (Control), airborne-particle abrasion (APA) with 50 μm Al2O3 (APA50), APA with 125 μm Al2O3(APA125), and ZrO2 slurry (ZA). Three resin cements (Panavia F 2.0, Superbond C&B, and Variolink N) were applied to the surface-treated zirconia specimens. All specimens were subjected to SBS testing using a universal testing machine. The surface of the representative specimens of each group was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). SBS data were analyzed with oneway ANOVA, two-way ANOVA test and post-hoc Tukey HSD Test (α=.05). Results: In the surface treatment method, APA125, APA50, ZA, and Control showed high shear bond strength in order, but there was no significant difference between APA125 and APA50 (P >.05). Also, ZA showed significantly higher shear bond strength than Control (P <.05). In the resin cement type, Panavia F 2.0, Superbond C&B, and Variolink N showed significantly higher shear bond strength in order (P <.05). In SEM images, the zirconia surfaces of the APA50 and APA125 showed quite rough and irregular shapes, and the zirconia surface of the ZA was observed small irregular porosity and rough surfaces. Conclusion APA and ZrO 2 slurry were enhanced the surface roughness of zirconia, and Panavia F 2.0 containing MDP showed the highest shear bond strength with zirconia.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of four surface treatment methods to improve zirconia roughness and three types of resin cement on the shear bond strength (SBS). Materials and methods: A total of 120 zirconia blocks were randomly divided into four surface treatments: non-treatment (Control), airborne-particle abrasion (APA) with 50 μm Al2O3 (APA50), APA with 125 μm Al2O3(APA125), and ZrO2 slurry (ZA). Three resin cements (Panavia F 2.0, Superbond C&B, and Variolink N) were applied to the surface-treated zirconia specimens. All specimens were subjected to SBS testing using a universal testing machine. The surface of the representative specimens of each group was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). SBS data were analyzed with oneway ANOVA, two-way ANOVA test and post-hoc Tukey HSD Test (α=.05). Results: In the surface treatment method, APA125, APA50, ZA, and Control showed high shear bond strength in order, but there was no significant difference between APA125 and APA50 (P >.05). Also, ZA showed significantly higher shear bond strength than Control (P <.05). In the resin cement type, Panavia F 2.0, Superbond C&B, and Variolink N showed significantly higher shear bond strength in order (P <.05). In SEM images, the zirconia surfaces of the APA50 and APA125 showed quite rough and irregular shapes, and the zirconia surface of the ZA was observed small irregular porosity and rough surfaces. Conclusion APA and ZrO 2 slurry were enhanced the surface roughness of zirconia, and Panavia F 2.0 containing MDP showed the highest shear bond strength with zirconia.

A variety of anesthetic equipment has been introduced for one-lung ventilation (OLV) during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgeries. A double-lumen endobronchial tube or bronchial blockers are the most common techniques used for achieving OLV. We herein describe a case of general anesthesia requiring both the OLV and two-lung ventilation with a Coopdech bronchial blocker and a single-lumen endotracheal tube. A 43-year-old woman is being scheduled to undertake mediastinal mass removal and tonsillectomy. After performing tonsillectomy by using an endotracheal tube, a Coopdech bronchial blocker is being inserted into her right bronchus for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. After her surgery, we have encountered resistance while carefully trying to remove the bronchial blocker. When using fiberoptic bronchoscopy, we have observed that the cuff was being avulsed, which could be removed without difficulty. We thus describe a case in which the balloon cuff was detached and retained in the right bronchus.
Adult ; Anesthesia, General ; Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; One-Lung Ventilation* ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted ; Tonsillectomy ; Ventilation

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of selecting commercially available blending teas and applying them to bovine teeth on color change over time. Methods: After selecting healthy bovine teeth, using a cutting-disc, 105 specimens with a dimension of 5×5×3 mm were prepared, and 15 specimens were distributed to each group. Black tea was used as a positive control, water was used as a negative control, and blended tea of five types was used as an experimental group. First, pH and buffering capacity were measured with a pH meter, and tooth color was determined using a spectrophotometer before immersion in the blending tea solution and 1, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days after immersion. Thereafter, the shape change of the enamel surface was observed using a scanning electron microscope, and SPSS ver.26 was used to analyze the color change. Results: The average pH of the five blending teas in the experimental group was 3.78, and the pH of group 3 (strawberry rhubarb) was the lowest at 3.22. The pH levels of black tea and water were 5.19 and 7.30, respectively. The buffering capacity was the highest in group 3 at both pH levels of 5.5 and 7.0. The L*a*b* color change according to immersion time was the largest in group 4 (rooibos yellow flower), and the amount of color change was large in black tea and group 4. As a result of observing the enamel surface of bovine teeth, changes in the surface shape were noted in all groups immersed in the experimental solution for 21 days, except for water. Conclusion There was a significant difference between the experimental groups in terms of color change according to the immersion time, and color and enamel surface changes were observed in black tea and all experimental groups, except for water.

BACKGROUND: Aspirin resistance (AR) in platelet function assays showed substantial variation depending on the methods used to evaluate it. METHODS: In this study, we prospectively compared the results of Multiplate impedance platelet aggregometry (IPA) with those of light transmission aggregometry (LTA) and VerifyNow(R) system in determination of the prevalence of aspirin resistance (AR) and investigated the correlation between its presence and poor outcome (modified Rankin scale >2) in 105 patients with aspirin after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). RESULTS: After 5 days of using aspirin, 15 patients (14.3%) were classified as aspirin-resistance with the use of IPA, 24 patients (22.9%) by the LTA, and 14 patients (13.3%) by VerifyNow. Good agreement between the results of IPA and VerifyNow, was found (R=0.674, P<0.01). The concordance rate of AR detection was high between VerifyNow and IPA (k=0.72, P<0.01), albeit quite low between LTA and IPA. Regarding on its influence on clinical outcome after AIS, there wasn't any significant relationship between occurrence of poor outcome and the presence of AR in three platelet function assays. CONCLUSION: This study reveals that the incidence of AR in AIS might be highly test-specific. IPA seems to be similar to VerifyNow as a platelet function test.
Aspirin ; Blood Platelets ; Electric Impedance ; Humans ; Incidence ; Light ; Platelet Function Tests ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Stroke

BACKGROUND: Medication adherence is important for hypertension management but still stay low level. It is reasonable method to classify medication nonadherence into intentional nonadherence and unintentional nonadherence and manage it according to this categories. This study aimed to explore medication adherence and its predictors in community patients with hypertension, especially dividing into intentional nonadherence and unintentional nonadherence. METHODS: Study subjects included 1,988 patients who were prescribed hypertension drugs among 2012 community health survey subjects of 10 cities in Gyeongsangnamdo and we analyzed medication adherence with hypertension and its predictors. We conducted chi-square test for nominal variable and ANOVA test for continuous variable and use multinominal regression to analyze independent predictors of intentional nonadherence and unintentional nonadherence in contrast to medication adherence. RESULTS: Of the 1,988 patients, 49.7% were adherent, 26.1% were unintentionally nonadherent and 24.2% intentionally nonadherent. Independent predictors of unintentional nonadherence were depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR]=1.696, P=0.047) and arthritis (OR=1.319, P=0.030) and independent predictors of intentional nonadherence were cardiocerebrovascular disease (OR=1.464, P=0.044), self-efficacy (OR=0.984, P=0.007), beliefs about medications questionnaire (necessity [OR=0.834, P<0.001] and concern [OR=1.236, P<0.001]). CONCLUSIONS: In order to manage hypertension in community, improvement in medication adherence is needed. Depressive symptom and self-efficacy need to be managed, but especially patients'beliefs about their medication need to be considered to improve intentional nonadherence.
Aged* ; Arthritis ; Depression ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Intention ; Medication Adherence*