PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the dietary nutrient intake status and hair mineral content of Korean young children. METHODS: Fifty-five children who visited Seoul National University Bundang Hospital were divided into three groups by age: infants, toddlers, and preschoolers. The 24-hour recall method was used to collect the food intake data of the subjects. Hair mineral analysis was conducted using a Mass Spectrometer. Serum iron, ferritin, and calcium were also measured. RESULTS: The mean energy intakes of the subjects were 730.3 kcal, 994.3 kcal, and 1,482.9 kcal for each age group. The mean percentage of energy intake compared to recommendation was 101.4% and was not different by age group. Toddlers of 37.8% and preschoolers of 54.5% consumed less than the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of calcium. Infants of 28.6%, toddlers of 10.8% and preschoolers of 9.1% consumed less than the EAR of iron. In the case of zinc, copper, and selenium, only 0% to 5% of toddlers and none of the preschoolers consumed less than the EAR of those minerals. The hair calcium, iron and copper concentrations were lower in toddlers and preschoolers than those in infants. Serum calcium levels of preschoolers were significantly lower than those of infants, whereas serum iron and ferritin levels were not. CONCLUSION: Hair calcium, iron, and copper concentrations were significantly lower in toddlers and preschoolers than in infants. Insufficient dietary intake of calcium and iron seems to be related with decreased hair mineral contents in young children.
Calcium ; Child* ; Copper ; Ear ; Eating ; Energy Intake ; Ferritins ; Hair* ; Humans ; Infant ; Iron ; Methods ; Minerals ; Miners* ; Selenium ; Seoul ; Zinc

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Oxidative stress is a major effector of various diseases; accordingly, antioxidants are frequently ingested in order to prevent or alleviate disease symptoms. Kimchi contains various natural antioxidants, and it is known that the functional activity varies depending on the ingredients and fermentation state. Black raspberries (BR) contain various bioactive compounds with antioxidant effects. This study investigated the antioxidant and liver-protection effects of kimchi supplemented with black raspberry juice powder (BJP). MATERIALS/METHODS: BJP-added kimchi (BAK; at 0.5%, 1%, and 2% concentrations of BJP) and control (without BJP) were prepared and fermented at 4℃ for 4 weeks. Changes in the antioxidant effects of BAK during fermentation were investigated. In addition, the protective activity of BAK against oxidative stress was investigated in a liver cirrhosis-induced animal model in vivo. RESULTS: BAK groups showed the acidity and pH of optimally ripened (OR) kimchi at 2 weeks of fermentation along with the highest lactic acid bacterial counts. Additionally, BAK groups displayed a higher content of phenolic compounds and elevated antioxidant activities relative to the control, with the highest antioxidant effect observed at 2 weeks of fermentation of OR 1% BAK. After feeding the OR 1% BAK to thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis rats, we observed decreased glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase activities and elevated superoxide dismutase activity. CONCLUSIONS: These findings showed that the antioxidant effects of OR BAK and feeding of OR 1% BAK resulted in liver-protective effects against oxidative stress.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; Bacterial Load ; Fermentation ; Glutamic Acid ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lactic Acid ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver ; Models, Animal ; Oxaloacetic Acid ; Oxidative Stress ; Phenol ; Pyruvic Acid ; Rats ; Rubus ; Superoxide Dismutase

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the nursing diagnosis-outcome-intervention (NANDA-NOC-NIC) linkages for gynecology inpatients shown in their electronic nursing records. METHODS: This retrospective and descriptive research was conducted in two steps and based on the 287 electronic nursing records for 253 patients. First, nursing diagnoses, outcomes and interventions were collected. To identify major nursing diagnoses, a comparison was done with the top 10 nursing diagnoses from this research and with previous research selected using a content validity index developed by a team of professionals. Second, nursing outcomes and interventions that were associated with major nursing diagnoses were identified. RESULTS: Nineteen nursing diagnoses, 12 nursing outcomes, and 40 nursing interventions were collected. The top 5 major nursing diagnoses were identified and 7 nursing outcomes and 18 nursing interventions associated with these diagnoses were checked. CONCLUSION: The identified NANDA-NOC-NIC linkages can contribute to improving nursing practice and will help in the establishment of standardized nursing care.
Diagnosis ; Gynecology* ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Nursing Care ; Nursing Diagnosis ; Nursing Process ; Nursing Records ; Nursing* ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to investigate the effects of Maté extract on body weight and fat content in obese women [25.0 kg/m² ≤body mass index (BMI) <30 kg/m²] aged 20-65 years after 6 weeks of its administration. METHODS: The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in 33 women. Participants took the supplement, either 2 Maté tablets or 2 placebo tablets, twice daily before meals for 6 weeks. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and various safety parameters were monitored. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after 6 weeks.
Abdominal Fat ; Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adipose Tissue ; Body Composition ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Female ; Humans ; Meals ; Nausea ; Reference Values ; Tablets ; Waist Circumference

No abstract available.
Humans ; Plasma* ; Tranexamic Acid* ; Urticaria*

We evaluated clinical factors such as age, gender, predisposing diseases and ultrasonographic findings that determine clinical outcome of acute acalculous inflammatory gallbladder diseases in children. The patients were divided into the four age groups. From March 2004 through February 2014, clinical data from 131 children diagnosed as acute acalculous inflammatory gallbladder disease by ultrasonography were retrospectively reviewed. Systemic infectious diseases were the most common etiology of acute inflammatory gallbladder disease in children and were identified in 50 patients (38.2%). Kawasaki disease was the most common predisposing disease (28 patients, 21.4%). The incidence was highest in infancy and lowest in adolescence. The age groups were associated with different predisposing diseases; noninfectious systemic disease was the most common etiology in infancy and early childhood, whereas systemic infectious disease was the most common in middle childhood and adolescence (P = 0.001). Gallbladder wall thickening was more commonly found in malignancy (100%) and systemic infection (94.0%) (P = 0.002), whereas gallbladder distension was more frequent in noninfectious systemic diseases (60%) (P = 0.000). Ascites seen on ultrasonography was associated with a worse clinical course compared with no ascites (77.9% vs. 37.7%, P = 0.030), and the duration of hospitalization was longer in patients with ascites (11.6 ± 10.7 vs. 8.0 ± 6.6 days, P = 0.020). In conclusion, consideration of age and predisposing disease in addition to ultrasonographic gallbladder findings in children suspected of acute acalculous inflammatory gallbladder disease might result in better outcomes.
Adolescent ; Ascites ; Child* ; Communicable Diseases ; Gallbladder Diseases* ; Gallbladder* ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: There is high interest in a new approach to improve children's lifestyle habits in order to prevent childhood obesity. A smartphone application (app) is a new technology platform that can be used to prevent childhood obesity. METHODS: The key messages for healthy eating habits and physical activities were selected by experts in nutrition, physical activity, and psychology and were adjusted for use in elementary school students. Gamification techniques were used to increase app user engagement. A total of 249 students in grades 4-6 were asked to rate their satisfaction for the app after 4 weeks of use. RESULTS: The main menu of "HAPPY ME" was composed of user profile, "EVERYDAY QUEST," exercise diary, diet diary, settings, and notifications. The app users were asked to complete 6-9 daily missions regarding healthy eating habits and physical activities through "EVERYDAY QUEST." The mean satisfaction scores for each variable were distributed from 3.6 to 4.0 points, and most of the students responded that they would continue to use the app (4.0 points). CONCLUSION: We developed a smartphone app (HAPPY ME) for 4th-6th grade elementary students aimed to provide educational information about healthy eating habits and physical activities in order to prevent childhood.
Child ; Diet ; Eating ; Humans ; Life Style ; Motor Activity ; Pediatric Obesity ; Psychology ; Religious Missions ; Smartphone

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the psychosocial characteristics of the employees working at a university hospital and investigated the factors affecting their quality of life (QOL) under COVID-19. Methods: This study enrolled 1,191 healthcare workers from a university hospital, including doctors, nurses, administrative officer and technicians. Besides demographic information, depression, anxiety, somatization, insomnia, resilience, and QOL were assessed. Results: The nurses presented significantly higher scores for anxiety, depression and showed significantly higher insomnia scores and significantly lower resilience scores. The occupations showed significant differences in the QOL and sub-groups, including the overall quality of life and general health (F=4.774, p<0.001), psychological domain (F=6.230, p<0.001), and environment domain (F=5.254, p<0.001). There was a positive correlation between the QOL and resilience (r=0.608, p<0.01). However, depression (r=-0.502, p<0.01), anxiety (r=-0.425, p<0.01), somatization (r=-0.364, p<0.01), and insomnia (r=-0.385, p<0.01) showed negative correlations with the QOL. Resilience was the most important factor influencing the QOL. Conclusion The results of this study showed that low resilience adversely affected the QOL and the mental health of the healthcare workers, which consequently had a direct effect on the quality of medical care given to patients.

PURPOSE: Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) or growth hormone (GH) improve final height in girls with central precocious puberty. We studied the effect of these agents on adult height in children with advanced puberty. METHODS: We analysed height, bone age, growth velocity, predicted adult height (PAH), and final adult height (FAH) in 61 girls and 19 boys with advanced puberty, who were treated with GnRHa combined GH or GH. RESULTS: In Girls 1) FAH (SDS) of combination group (GnRHa+GH, n=7) was similar to their pretreatment PAH (SDS) [153.9+/-6.0 cm (-1.3+/-1.2) vs 152.8+/-4.7 cm (-1.5+/-0.9)]. In GH group (n=18), FAH was significantly increased [155.7+/-4.9 cm (-0.9+/-1.0) vs 149.9+/-4.6 cm (-2.1+/-0.9)] (P<0.001). 2) PAH (SDS) of combination group increased from 151.5+/-5.9 cm (-1.8+/-1.2) to 157.8+/-7.1 cm (-0.5+/-1.4) and that of GH group increased from 149.5+/-5.9 cm (-2.2+/-1.2) to 155.8+/-5.8 cm (-0.9+/-1.2) (P<0.001). During first year of treatment, growth velocity of GH group was significantly higher than that of combination group (6.6+/-2.1 cm/year vs 9.4+/-2.5 cm/year, P=0.001) In boys 1) In both group (7 boys of combination group and 8 boys of GH group), FAH was similar to their pretreatment PAH and their growth velocity during first year of treatment had no significant difference (7.6+/-2.3 cm/year vs 9.2+/-2.9 cm/year). CONCLUSION: In girls with advanced puberty, GnRHa delayed bone maturation but had no significant effect on FAH. In contrast, GH increased FAH through increment of growth velociy. In boys with advanced puberty, no significant effect of GnRHa or GH.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child* ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Gonadotropins* ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans ; Puberty* ; Puberty, Precocious

Acrodynia is caused by chronic mercury poisoning and/or mercury, hypersensitivity occuring in infants and children only. Ingestion or inhalation of mercury contained in some house paints, calomel ingestion, the use of mercury ointments and other mercurial preparations can be the causes of acrodynia. We herein report a 3-year-old boy with typical acrodynia after expoaure to house paints and lacquer for 2 months. His hands and feet were erythematous and edematous vesiculo-bullous lesion with acral dark bluish discoloration. Mercury levels of blood and urine were significantly incresed by 61. 2ug/dl and 264ug/L (normal; below 30ug/dl and 100ug/L).
Acrodynia* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Eating ; Foot ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Infant ; Inhalation ; Lacquer ; Male ; Mercury Poisoning ; Ointments ; Paint