2.Bile Acids and the Metabolic Disorders.
Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 2018;28(4):273-278
Bile acids are major constituents of bile and known to help absorb dietary fat and fat-soluble vitamins in the gastrointestinal tract. In the past few decades, many studies have shown that bile acids not only play a role in fat digestion but also function as broad range of signal transduction hormones by binding to various receptors present in cell membranes or nuclei. Bile acid receptors are distributed in a wide range of organs and tissues in the human body. They perform multitudes of physiological functions with complex mechanisms. When bile acids bind to their receptors, they regulate fat and glucose metabolism in a tissue-specific way. In addition, bile acids are shown to inhibit inflammation and fibrosis in the liver. Considering the roles of bile acids as metabolic regulators, bile acids and their receptors can be very attractive targets in treating metabolic disorders. In the future, if roles of bile acids and their receptors are further clarified, they will be the novel target of drugs in the treatment of various metabolic diseases.
Bile Acids and Salts*
;
Bile*
;
Cell Membrane
;
Dietary Fats
;
Digestion
;
Fibrosis
;
Gastrointestinal Tract
;
Glucose
;
Human Body
;
Inflammation
;
Liver
;
Metabolic Diseases
;
Metabolism
;
Signal Transduction
;
Vitamins
3.The Effect of Work Characteristics on Dermatologic Symptoms in Hairdressers.
Pil Kyun JUNG ; June Hee LEE ; Ji Hye BAEK ; Jungho HWANG ; Jong Uk WON ; Inah KIM ; Jaehoon ROH
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2014;26(1):13-13
OBJECTIVES: Hairdressers in Korea perform various tasks and are exposed to health risk factors such as chemical substances or prolonged duration of wet work. The objective of this study is to provide descriptive statistics on the demographics and work characteristics of hairdressers in Korea and to identify work-related risk factors for dermatologic symptoms in hairdressers. METHODS: 1,054 hairdressers were selected and analyzed for this study. Independent variables were exposure to chemical substances, the training status of the hairdressers, and the main tasks required of them, and the dependent variable was the incidence of dermatologic symptoms. The relationships between work characteristics and dermatologic symptoms were evaluated by estimating odds ratios using multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Among the 1,054 study subjects, 212 hairdressers (20.1%) complained of dermatologic symptoms, and the symptoms were more prevalent in younger, unmarried or highly educated hairdressers. The main tasks that comprise the majority of the wet work were strictly determined by training status, since 96.5% of staff hairdressers identified washing as their main task, while only 1.5% and 2.0% of master and designer hairdressers, respectively, identified this as their main task. Multiple logistic regressions was performed to estimate odds ratios. While exposure to hairdressing chemicals showed no significant effect on the odds ratio for the incidence of dermatologic symptoms, higher odds ratios of dermatologic symptoms were shown in staff hairdressers (2.70, 95% CI: 1.32 - 5.51) and in hairdressers who perform washing as their main task (2.03, 95% CI: 1.22 - 3.37), after adjusting for general and work characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the training status and main tasks of hairdressers are closely related to each other and that the training status and main tasks of hairdressers are related to the incidence of dermatologic symptoms. This suggests that in the future, regulations on working conditions and health management guidelines for hairdressers should be established.
Demography
;
Dermatitis, Occupational
;
Eczema
;
Hair Preparations
;
Humans
;
Incidence
;
Korea
;
Logistic Models
;
Occupational Health
;
Odds Ratio
;
Risk Factors
;
Single Person
;
Social Control, Formal
4.Assessing clinical reasoning abilities of medical students using clinical performance examination.
Sunju IM ; Do Kyong KIM ; Hyun Hee KONG ; Hye Rin ROH ; Young Rim OH ; Ji Hyun SEO
Korean Journal of Medical Education 2016;28(1):35-47
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the reliability and validity of new clinical performance examination (CPX) for assessing clinical reasoning skills and evaluating clinical reasoning ability of the students. METHODS: Third-year medical school students (n=313) in Busan-Gyeongnam consortium in 2014 were included in the study. One of 12 stations was developed to assess clinical reasoning abilities. The scenario and checklists of the station were revised by six experts. Chief complaint of the case was rhinorrhea, accompanied by fever, headache, and vomiting. Checklists focused on identifying of the main problem and systematic approach to the problem. Students interviewed the patient and recorded subjective and objective findings, assessments, plans (SOAP) note for 15 minutes. Two professors assessed students simultaneously. We performed statistical analysis on their scores and survey. RESULTS: The Cronbach α of subject station was 0.878 and Cohen κ coefficient between graders was 0.785. Students agreed on CPX as an adequate tool to evaluate students' performance, but some graders argued that the CPX failed to secure its validity due to their lack of understanding the case. One hundred eight students (34.5%) identified essential problem early and only 58 (18.5%) performed systematic history taking and physical examination. One hundred seventy-three of them (55.3%) communicated correct diagnosis with the patient. Most of them had trouble in writing SOAP notes. CONCLUSION: To gain reliability and validity, interrater agreement should be secured. Students' clinical reasoning skills were not enough. Students need to be trained on problem identification, reasoning skills and accurate record-keeping.
Checklist
;
*Clinical Competence
;
Communication
;
Comprehension
;
*Education, Medical, Undergraduate
;
Educational Measurement/*standards
;
Humans
;
Medical History Taking
;
Medical Records
;
Observer Variation
;
Physical Examination
;
Physician-Patient Relations
;
*Problem-Based Learning
;
Reproducibility of Results
;
Republic of Korea
;
*Schools, Medical
;
*Students, Medical
;
Surveys and Questionnaires
;
*Thinking
;
Universities
5.A Case of Keratoacanthoma Associated with Basal Cell Carcinoma.
Tae Hyung KIM ; Ji Hye LEE ; Mi Ryung ROH
Annals of Dermatology 2015;27(2):237-238
No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell*
;
Keratoacanthoma*
6.Fatal Injury Due to Shattered Fragments of Brittle Materials.
Ji Hyeon ROH ; Hye Jin PARK ; Hyeong Joong KIM ; Hongil HA
Korean Journal of Legal Medicine 2010;34(1):63-66
With fragments of brittle materials including glasses, ceramics, metals, plastics, and stones, various wounds can be formed by accident or homicide. We experienced two cases with fatal injury from shattering of brittle materials accidentally. In the first case, a woman died from the left subclavian artery transection by a projected fragment from a mug shattering. In the second case, a man pilfer died of the right popliteal artery and vein transection by fragments from shattering of a glass bottle. We represented these cases to adress it in depth the significance of deaths associated with fatal injuries caused by shattered fragments of brittle materials on the viewpoints of forensic pathology.
Ceramics
;
Eyeglasses
;
Female
;
Forensic Pathology
;
Glass
;
Homicide
;
Humans
;
Metals
;
Plastics
;
Popliteal Artery
;
Subclavian Artery
;
Veins
7.Ultra-Structures And 14C-mannitol Transport Study of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells using ALI Culture Technique.
Kyung Rok KWAK ; Jee Yoon HWANG ; Ji Seok LEE ; Hye Kyung PARK ; Yun Seong KIM ; Min Ki LEE ; Soon Kew PARK ; Yoo Sun KIM ; Hwan Jung ROH
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 2001;50(2):205-212
BACKGROUND: The information on nasal transport and the metabolism of peptides have been obtained from pharmacokinetic investigations in experimental animals. However, there are no transport and metabolic studies of human nasal epithelial cells. In this study, the permeability characteristics and the metabolic properties of in vitro human nasal cell monolayers were investigated. Material and METHODS: Normal human inferior nasal conchal tissue samples were obtained from patients undergoing endoscopic nasal cavitary surgery. The specimens were cultured in a transwell using an air-liquid interface (ALI) culture, and the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) value of the blank filter and confluent cell monolayers were measured. To determine the % leakage of mannitol, 4µmol 14C-labelled mannitol was added and the % leakage was measured every 10 minute for 1 hour. RESULT: Human nasal epithelial cells in the primary culture grew to a confluent monolayer within 7 days and expressed microvilli. The tight junction between the cells was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The TEER value of the blank filter, fifth day and seventh day reached 108.5 ohm.cm2, 141 ohm.cm2 and 177.5 ohm.cm2, respectively. Transcellular % leakage of the 14C-mannitol at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes was 35.67±5.43, 34.42±5.60, 32.75±5.71, 31.76±4.22, 30.96±3.49 and 29.60±3.68 %, respectively. CONCLUSION: The human nasal epithelial monolayer using ALI using techniques is suitable for a transcellular permeability study. The data suggests that human nasal epithelial cells in as ALI culture technique shows some promise for a nasal transport and metabolism study.
Animals
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Culture Techniques*
;
Electric Impedance
;
Epithelial Cells*
;
Humans*
;
Mannitol
;
Metabolism
;
Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
;
Microvilli
;
Peptides
;
Permeability
;
Tight Junctions
8.Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans: A Study of Clinical, Pathologic, Genetic, and Therapeutic Features in Korean Patients.
Zhenlong ZHENG ; Junjei PIAO ; Ji Hye LEE ; Song Ee KIM ; Soo Chan KIM ; Kee Yang CHUNG ; Mi Ryung ROH
Yonsei Medical Journal 2015;56(2):440-446
PURPOSE: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) carries a translocation resulting in the collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1)-platelet-derived growth factor beta (PDGFB) fusion gene, which is responsible for PDGFB activation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinicopathological, genetic, and therapeutic features of DFSP in Korean patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinicopathological features of 37 patients with DFSP were reviewed. Multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out in 16 patients using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues and specific primers for COL1A1 and PDGFB. RESULTS: The mean age of 37 patients was 37.4 years old. The most common tumor location was the trunk. All patients were treated primarily with surgery: 34 (91.7%) cases with Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) and 3 (8.3%) cases with wide local excision. The median follow-up time was 33.7 months. Two patients, one in each treatment group, demonstrated local recurrence during the follow-up period. The COL1A1-PDGFB fusion gene was expressed in 14 (87.5%) cases, demonstrated by reverse transcriptase PCR analysis. No association was found among the different COL1A1-PDGFB fusion transcripts, the various histological subtypes and clinical features. CONCLUSION: Our results support the effectiveness of MMS in treating DFSP. The COL1A1-PDGFB fusion transcript was observed in 87.5% of patients. Therefore, COL1A1-PDGFB is a useful and accurate tool in diagnosing DFSP in Koreans.
Adolescent
;
Adult
;
Asian Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics
;
Collagen Type I/*genetics
;
DNA Primers
;
Dermatofibrosarcoma/ethnology/*genetics/*pathology/surgery
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Middle Aged
;
Mohs Surgery
;
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
;
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
;
Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/*genetics
;
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/*genetics
;
Republic of Korea
;
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
;
Skin Neoplasms/ethnology/*genetics/*pathology/surgery
;
Treatment Outcome
9.Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans: A Study of Clinical, Pathologic, Genetic, and Therapeutic Features in Korean Patients.
Zhenlong ZHENG ; Junjei PIAO ; Ji Hye LEE ; Song Ee KIM ; Soo Chan KIM ; Kee Yang CHUNG ; Mi Ryung ROH
Yonsei Medical Journal 2015;56(2):440-446
PURPOSE: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) carries a translocation resulting in the collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1)-platelet-derived growth factor beta (PDGFB) fusion gene, which is responsible for PDGFB activation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinicopathological, genetic, and therapeutic features of DFSP in Korean patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinicopathological features of 37 patients with DFSP were reviewed. Multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out in 16 patients using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues and specific primers for COL1A1 and PDGFB. RESULTS: The mean age of 37 patients was 37.4 years old. The most common tumor location was the trunk. All patients were treated primarily with surgery: 34 (91.7%) cases with Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) and 3 (8.3%) cases with wide local excision. The median follow-up time was 33.7 months. Two patients, one in each treatment group, demonstrated local recurrence during the follow-up period. The COL1A1-PDGFB fusion gene was expressed in 14 (87.5%) cases, demonstrated by reverse transcriptase PCR analysis. No association was found among the different COL1A1-PDGFB fusion transcripts, the various histological subtypes and clinical features. CONCLUSION: Our results support the effectiveness of MMS in treating DFSP. The COL1A1-PDGFB fusion transcript was observed in 87.5% of patients. Therefore, COL1A1-PDGFB is a useful and accurate tool in diagnosing DFSP in Koreans.
Adolescent
;
Adult
;
Asian Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics
;
Collagen Type I/*genetics
;
DNA Primers
;
Dermatofibrosarcoma/ethnology/*genetics/*pathology/surgery
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Middle Aged
;
Mohs Surgery
;
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
;
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
;
Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/*genetics
;
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/*genetics
;
Republic of Korea
;
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
;
Skin Neoplasms/ethnology/*genetics/*pathology/surgery
;
Treatment Outcome
10.Gender Differences in the Functional Recovery after Acute Stroke.
Ji Sun KIM ; Kyung Bok LEE ; Hakjae ROH ; Moo Young AHN ; Hye Won HWANG
Journal of Clinical Neurology 2010;6(4):183-188
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: PurposezzInterest in gender differences in the effects of acute stroke is growing worldwide. However, gender differences in functional recovery after acute stroke in the Korean population have yet to be evaluated. The aim of this investigation was to compare long-term functional outcomes between male and female after acute stroke. METHODS: Patients with acute stroke were enrolled prospectively between January 2005 and January 2009. Baseline characteristics, risk factors, stroke subtypes, time delay from onset to arrival at a hospital, active treatment, and stroke severity were compared between male and female. Differences in mortality and disability at discharge, and at 3 months and 1 year after stroke onset were also investigated. Functional disabilities were categorized into two groups: good outcome (score on modified Rankin scale < or =2) and poor outcome (score on modified Rankin scale >2). RESULTS: Among 1,055 patients with acute stroke, 575 were male (aged 64.83+/-11.98 years, mean+/-SD) and 480 were female (aged 70.09+/-13.02 years). There were no gender differences in mortality at 3 months and 1 year after stroke. The frequency of poor outcomes was higher in female patients than in male patients at discharge (39.8% versus 30.9%, respectively; p=0.003), the 3 months follow-up (32.3% versus 20.8%, respectively; p<0.001), and the 1 year follow-up (31.1% versus 18.7%, respectively; p=0.001). After adjusting for multiple confounding factors including age and stroke severity, the female gender persisted as a predictor of poor functional outcome at 3 months and 1 year after stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Female patients have greater difficulty than male patients in recovering from a disabled state after acute stroke. Future studies should investigate the causes of this gender difference.
Female
;
Follow-Up Studies
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Prospective Studies
;
Risk Factors
;
Stroke