PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the predictors of subjective happiness in nursing students. METHODS: A cross-sectional designwas used to survey a convenience sample of 203 nursing students in Cheongju city. Data collection was conducted through self-report questionnaires on stress, self-efficacy, ego-resilience, social support and subjective happiness. Datawere analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. RESULTS: Subjective happiness negatively correlated with stress (r=-.35, p<.001) and positively correlated with self-efficacy (r=.60, p<.001), ego-resilience (r=.44, p<.001), and social support (r=.38, p<.001). Significant predictors of subjective happiness included self-efficacy (β=.34, p<.001), ego-resilience (β=.24, p<.001), satisfaction as a nursing student (β=-.21, p<.001), stress (β=-.20, p<.001), and social support (β=.14, p=.012). The regression model explained 50% of subjective happiness. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, effective happiness promotion programs focusing on self-efficacy and resilience improvement, and stressmanagement are highly recommended to promote the improved quality of life in nursing students.
Chungcheongbuk-do ; Data Collection ; Happiness* ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Quality of Life ; Self Efficacy ; Students, Nursing*

Women in the reproductive age group diagnosed with cervical cancer can receive radical trachelectomy for fertility preservation. Extremely short cervix following radical trachelectomy could result in cervical incompetence. Although prophylactic cervicoisthmic cerclage is placed at the time of radical trachelectomy, it might not be sufficient to prolong pregnancy. We present a successful term pregnancy after laparoscopic radical trachelectomy and concurrent cervicoisthmic cerclage for early stage cervical cancer.
Cervix Uteri ; Female ; Fertility Preservation ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Trachelectomy ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1) is one of the most common inherited disorders, clinically characterized by cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules and neurofibromas. In addition, the affected individuals usually develop benign and malignant tumors of the nervous system. One of the most common tumors is the optic nerve glioma. NF1-associated glioma, however, rarely occurs in the cerebellum. Recently, we experienced a NF1-associated cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma in an 11 years old girl. She has a family history of NF1 and multiple cafe-au-lait spots over her whole body. We report herewith a case of NF1-associated cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma with a brief review of related literature.
Astrocytoma* ; Cafe-au-Lait Spots ; Cerebellum ; Child ; Female ; Glioma ; Humans ; Nervous System Neoplasms ; Neurofibroma ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Neurofibromatosis 1* ; Optic Nerve Glioma

Although liver diseases in pregnancy are rare, they can seriously affect mother and fetus. Although any type of liver disease can develop during pregnancy, it is difficult to identify features of liver disease in pregnant women because of physiological changes. Physiologic changes of pregnancy can be confounding with the symptoms of liver diseases. It can not only complicate mother's life but also burden life of fetus to growth restriction. We describe an uncommon case of acute hepatitis with disseminated intravascular coagulation and clinical chorioamnionitis coincidentally in mid-trimester pregnancy. She experienced the development of acute hepatitis of unknown causes. She presented with fever, maternal tachycardia, and fetal tachycardia. We decided termination of pregnancy because of 16 weeks' gestation. After termination, she was managed about acute hepatitis. So we report our case with a brief reviews of the literature.
Chorioamnionitis ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ; Female ; Fetus ; Fever ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; Mothers ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women ; Tachycardia

PURPOSE: To investigate the association of carotid intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) with acute cerebral ischemic events and progression of stenosis using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From April 2014 to December 2016, 53 patients underwent carotid plaque MR imaging, including magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition with gradient-echo (MPRAGE) sequence. A total of 66 carotid arteries in 53 patients had carotid stenosis, and they were included in this study. Carotid arteries were classified according to the presence of IPH, the age of hemorrhage, and degree of stenosis. We assessed ipsilateral cerebrovascular event rates and progression of stenosis between the IPH and no-IPH groups. RESULTS: Of the 61 carotid arteries assessed, 34 (56%) had IPH, and 27 (44%) had no IPH. Acute cerebral ischemic events were more frequent in the IPH group (47% vs. 22%, P = 0.045), especially in the < 30%-stenosis group (100% vs. 0%, P = 0.028). However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of ischemic events according to the age of hemorrhage (50% vs. 44%, P = 0.492). Among the 61 carotid arteries, 20 carotid arteries had previously undergone carotid artery imaging and were evaluated for plaque progression. The trend for progression of stenosis favored the IPH group versus the no-IPH group, with a marginal P-value (20% ± 12.7 vs. 9.6% ± 5.7, P = 0.063). CONCLUSION: IPH was associated with an increased incidence of acute ischemic events, especially in the mild-stenosis group and it was also associated with progression of stenosis. Evaluation of the carotid IPH by carotid plaque MR could improve discrimination of carotid plaques that cause ischemic events and progression of stenosis.
Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Stenosis ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Stroke

High levels of cortisol in blood are frequently observed in patients with major depressive disorders and increased cortisol level induces depressivelike symptoms in animal models. However, it is still unclear whether maternal cortisol level during pregnancy is a critical factor resulting in neuropsychiatric disorders in offspring. In this study, we increased cortisol level in rats by repetitively injecting corticosterone subcutaneously (Corti.Mom, 20 mg/kg/day) during pregnancy and evaluated the behavioral patterns of their pups (Corti.Pups) via forced swimming (FS), open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests during the immediate post-weaning period (postnatal day 21 to 25). In results, corticosterone significantly increased plasma cortisol levels in both Corti.Moms and Corti.Pups. Unlike depressive animal models, Corti.Pups showed higher hyperactive behaviors in the FS and OF tests than normal pups (Nor.Pups) born from rats (Nor.Moms) treated with saline. Furthermore, Corti.Pups spent more time and traveled longer distance in the open arms of EPM test, exhibiting higher extremity. These patterns were consistent with behavioral symptoms observed in animal models of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. Additionally, Corti.Pups swam longer and farther to escape in MWM test, showing cognitive declines associated with attention deficit. Our findings provide evidence that maternal cortisol level during pregnancy may affect the neuroendocrine regulation and the brain development of offspring, resulting in heterogeneous developmental brain disorders such as ADHD.

Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is characterized by most cases in which platelet counts exceed 1 million/µL. ET is usually no symptoms during non-pregnancy, but arterial and venous thrombosis and hemorrhage may develop in pregnancy. Pregnancy in these patients is associated with many complications in both pregnant women and fetuses such as recurrent abortion, intrauterine fetal growth restriction, preterm delivery, preeclampsia, and stillbirth. In these patients, aspirin, low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), and interferon alpha (INF-α) are recommended during pregnancy. We report a case of four consecutive abortions despite being treated with INF-α, low dose aspirin, and LMWH in patient with ET.
Abortion, Habitual* ; Aspirin ; Female ; Fetal Development ; Fetus ; Hemorrhage ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; Platelet Count ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Stillbirth ; Thrombocythemia, Essential* ; Venous Thrombosis

BACKGROUND: There is high interest in a new approach to improve children's lifestyle habits in order to prevent childhood obesity. A smartphone application (app) is a new technology platform that can be used to prevent childhood obesity. METHODS: The key messages for healthy eating habits and physical activities were selected by experts in nutrition, physical activity, and psychology and were adjusted for use in elementary school students. Gamification techniques were used to increase app user engagement. A total of 249 students in grades 4-6 were asked to rate their satisfaction for the app after 4 weeks of use. RESULTS: The main menu of "HAPPY ME" was composed of user profile, "EVERYDAY QUEST," exercise diary, diet diary, settings, and notifications. The app users were asked to complete 6-9 daily missions regarding healthy eating habits and physical activities through "EVERYDAY QUEST." The mean satisfaction scores for each variable were distributed from 3.6 to 4.0 points, and most of the students responded that they would continue to use the app (4.0 points). CONCLUSION: We developed a smartphone app (HAPPY ME) for 4th-6th grade elementary students aimed to provide educational information about healthy eating habits and physical activities in order to prevent childhood.
Child ; Diet ; Eating ; Humans ; Life Style ; Motor Activity ; Pediatric Obesity ; Psychology ; Religious Missions ; Smartphone

No abstract available.
Apoptosis* ; Placenta Previa* ; Placenta*

PURPOSE: To report the removal of subtenon triamcinolone precipitates in patients with refractory steroid-induced glaucoma following subtenon triamcinolone injection. CASE SUMMARY: A 72-year-old male patient with diabetic retinopathy had cystoid macular edema in the right eye. The patient received a posterior subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide and developed intractable glaucoma one month after the injection in the right eye. Corticosteroid-deposit was excised three month after the injection. The intraocular pressure decreased to normal within one month after surgery and remained normal for seven months after surgery. A 42-year-old man with bilateral chronic recurrent anterior uveitis received a posterior subtenon triamcinolone acetonide injection in both eyes. The patient developed refractory steroid-induced glaucoma one month after the injection in the right eye. Corticosteroid-deposit was excised six months after the injection in the right eye. The patient's intraocular pressure decreased to normal within two weeks after surgery and remained normal. Light microscopy showed a fibrous capsule encapsulating an amorphous whitish material. The excised specimen with polarized light showed birefringence of triamcinolone crystals within an encapsulated cyst. CONCLUSIONS: Removal of subtenon triamcinolone acetonide precipitate may facilitate the management of patients developing increased intraocular pressure unresponsive to maximum tolerable medical therapy and should be considered before performing glaucoma filtration surgery.
Adult ; Aged ; Birefringence ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Eye ; Filtering Surgery ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Light ; Macular Edema ; Male ; Microscopy ; Triamcinolone ; Triamcinolone Acetonide ; Uveitis, Anterior