PURPOSE: This prospective cohort study was done to investigate recall bias to antepartum variables measured at postpartum periods and predictors of postpartum depression. METHODS: Participants were 215 women who answered a self-administered questionnaire which included demographics, Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised and Korean version of Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale at antepartum 36-40 weeks and postpartum 2 weeks and 6 weeks. Data were analyzed using kappa, and hierarchical multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Agreement between antepartum variables at both antepartum and two postpartum periods was relatively high (kappa=.55-.95). Postpartum depression rates were 36.3% and 36.7% at two follow-up points. In hierarchical multiple logistic regression analysis, prenatal depression (OR=4.32, 95% CI: 1.41-13.19; OR=5.19, 95% CI: 1.41-19.08), social support (OR=1.40, 95% CI: 1.18-1.66; OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.06-1.53) and maternity blues (OR=4.75, 95% CI: 1.89-11.98; OR=4.22, 95% CI: 1.60-11.12) were commonly associated with postpartum depression at two follow-up points. Child care stress (OR=1.85, 95% CI: 1.01-3.37) was only associated with postpartum depression at 2 weeks postpartum and pregnancy intendedness (OR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.09-2.27) was only associated with postpartum depression at 6 weeks postpartum. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate a need to apply nursing interventions such as prenatal education and counseling with families from antenatal period.
Adult ; Anxiety ; Cohort Studies ; Demography ; Depression, Postpartum/*psychology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Odds Ratio ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Prospective Studies ; Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the predictive validity of three versions of the Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised (PDPI-R) in Korea. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional design with a self-administered questionnaire, including 43 items of the PDPI-R, using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale as the gold standard was used. Data were collected from 316 women within 6 weeks after childbirth in Busan, Korea, from August to November 2010. RESULTS: The postpartum depression and postpartum depressive symptom (PDS) rate was 22.5%. The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve was .882 for the prenatal version of the PDPI-R and .927 for the full version. The sensitivity and specificity were 87.3% and 85.1%, respectively, at a cutoff point of 9.5 for the full version, and 91.5% and 66.1%, respectively, at a cutoff point of 5.5 for the prenatal version. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistics was 3.554 (p = .829) for the prenatal version and 8.305 (p = .404) for the full version; this showed a good degree of correspondence between the estimated and observed probabilities of PDS. By age, education, and socioeconomic groups, the discrimination and calibration were generally good for both the prenatal and full versions. CONCLUSION: The PDPI-R showed good predictive validity among women in Korea. It is recommended that the prenatal version of the PDPI-R be used to predict PDS for pregnant women and the full version of the PDPI-R be used for women during the postpartum period.
Calibration ; Depression ; Depression, Postpartum ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Parturition ; Postpartum Period ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Pregnant Women ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate factors affecting the job embeddedness of workers in the manufacturing industry. METHODS: The survey was conducted on 261 workers of the manufacturing industry in P city and Y city with the help of a structured self-report questionnaire, administered between June 10 and June 30, 2017. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a t-test, ANOVA, a Scheffés test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: There were significant differences in job embeddedness according to educational level, marital status, jobs and types of employment, satisfaction with salary, stress level, and the perceived health status of the subjects. There were significant positive correlations between role clarity of job demands (r=.45), leader member exchange (r=.48), recovery experience from job stress (r=.27), and job embeddedness. From the multiple regression analysis, the most significant factors affecting job embeddedness were found to be leader member exchange (β=.43), recovery experience from job stress (β=.22), and job demand (β=.15). These variables explained 35.0% of the total variance in job embeddedness. CONCLUSION: In order to increase job embeddedness of workers in the manufacturing industry, it is necessary to prepare measures to increase job demand, leader member exchange, and recovery experience from job stress.
Employment ; Marital Status ; Recovery of Function ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate nurses' awareness of death and the meaning of life and identify factors influencing the meaning of life. METHODS: Participants were 198 women nurses who had experienced the death of patients. They answered a self-administered questionnaire including demographics, awareness of death scale and meaning in life II scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, and multiple regression (enter method). RESULTS: The average score for awareness of death was 127.3+/-10.14. This score is moderate not biased toward positive or negative. The average score for meaning of life was 130.3+/-9.42 with 51% for loss steps, 45.5% for pursuit steps and 3.5% for discovery steps to the meaning of life. Factors affecting the meaning of life were religion, Buddhism (beta=6.25, p=.015) or Atheist (beta=5.91, p=.017), educational level, Master's or higher (beta=16.22, p=.003), work department, special department (beta=3.49, p=.017). CONCLUSIONS: Results of the study indicate a need to provide nursing programs that will promote nurses' spiritual and inner maturity.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Buddhism ; Demography ; Female ; Humans ; Methods ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate factors that influence health examination for unmarried women. METHODS: A correlation study was carried out with 144 unmarried women with an age range of 35~49 years through self-administered questionnaires. This questionnaire included Health Belief Model modifying factors (demographic . sociological, structural, and cues to action variables). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi2-test, multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 37.2+/-2.67 years. Rates for breast cancer, cervical cancer and comprehensive health examination were each 34.7%, 38.2% and 94%. In multiple logistic regression analysis, influencing factors on physical examination were age(OR=0.06, 95% CI: 0.02~0.26), personal medical insurance (OR=6.30, 95% CI: 1.60~24.82), housemate (OR=7.63, 95% CI: 2.58~22.52), exercise (OR=3.72, 95% CI: 1.37~10.12) in breast cancer examination, and age (OR=0.08, 95% CI: 0.02~0.34; OR=0.07, 95% CI: 0.01~0.85), personal medical insurance (OR=14.17, 95% CI: 2.94~68.23), sexual experiences (OR=3.38, 95% CI: 1.28~8.91), drinking (OR=2.92, 95% CI: 1.14~7.49) in cervical cancer examination. CONCLUSION: The results emphasize the necessity of preparing nursing education and intervention in consideration of associated factors which influence on the health examination in unmarried women.
Breast Neoplasms ; Cues ; Drinking ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Education, Nursing ; Female ; Humans ; Insurance ; Logistic Models ; Physical Examination ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Single Person* ; Statistics as Topic ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

OBJECTS: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative usefulness of the morphologic scoring system and spectral doppler ultrasonographic analysis in differentiating between benign and malignant adnexal masses. METHODS: All patients scanned between July 1995 and June 1998 with sonographically identified and pathologically confirmed adnexal masses formed the study group. The adnexal masses were scored as benign or malignant on the basis of their sonographic appearance. Specific categories included inner wall structure, wall thickness, septal structure, and echogenicity. Women whose morphologic findings were suspicious for malignancy underwent doppler sonography. A threshold pulsatility index of 1.0 and resistance index of 0.4 were used to differentiate benign from malignant lesions. The findings were correlated with the presence of malignancy. RESULTS: Two hundred fifty one patients formed the study group; 215 patients were benign and 36 patients were malignant pathologically. Using the morphologic scoring system, 31 of the 36 malignant masses were classified as suggestive of malignant tumor, and 147 of the 215 benign masses were classified as not suggestive of malignant tumor (sensitivity, 86%; specificity, 68%; positive predictive value, 31%; negative predictive value, 97%). Doppler velocimetry was performed on a total of 62 patients, 19 patients with malignant tumors and 43 patients with benign tumors. A mean PI value of 0.85 and RI value of 0.52 for malignant tumors and mean PI value of 2.00 and RI value of 0.75 for benign tumors was shown. The PI value was significantly lower (p 0.001) in malignant than that of in benign masses, but RI value was not significant (p 0.184). The sensitivity and specificity in the detection of malignancy combined with doppler velocimetry was 86% and 67%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Doppler velocimetry studies did not add substantially to the prediction of malignancy using the morphologic scoring system.
Diagnosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Rheology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography

Ovarian tumors are rare in children. Their incidence is estimated to be about 2.6 cases per 100,000 girls per year. About 1/3 of all childhood ovarian tumors are reported to be malignant. Germ cell tumors are more frequent than epithelial and sex cord stromal tumors in children and teratoma is the most common germ cell tumor occurring in children. In most cases, the presenting symptoms in childhood included abdominal pain, an abdominal mass, abdominal distention and so on. These non-specific symptoms and low incidence lead to suspicions of more common diseases, so the diagnosis of ovarian masses in childhood is difficult. We experienced a rare case of mature cystic teratoma in a 5-year-old girl with urinary frequency without abdominal discomfort despite the large size. The pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging finding showed unusual characteristics, rising suspicion of malignancy. So, we present this case with a brief review of literature.
Abdominal Pain ; Child ; Humans ; Incidence ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Preschool Child ; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors ; Teratoma

Angioleiomyoma is a benign mesenchymal neoplasm composed of smooth muscle cells and thick-walled vessels. It usually originates in the extremities or the head. Thus angioleiomyoma of the uterus is a very rare so that there were only 10 cases in the available English literature. Angioleiomyoma cause no serious problems with regard to diagnosis and are simply recognized as benign leiomyomas. These tumors happen to be found only after the surgery through histologic findings. It is therefore extremely difficult to diagnose angioleiomyoma by its shape through preoperative sonography test. We experienced a case of angioleiomyoma with massive vaginal bleeding causing severe anemia which seemed as a benign leiomyoma before the surgery. Hence, we report this case with a brief review of literature.
Anemia ; Angiomyoma ; Extremities ; Head ; Leiomyoma ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Uterine Hemorrhage ; Uterus

We present a case of accessory tragus (AT) which developed at an unusual site, the nasal vestibule, of a 1-day-old girl. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an accessory tragus that appears on the nasal vestibule.

Pediatric infection with Helicobacter pylori may occur early in childhood and persist lifelong. Global pediatric clinical studies have reported a decreasing tendency in the overall rate of H. pylori eradication. In pediatric patients with H. pylori infection, pediatric patients with peptic ulcer, and the first-degree relatives of patients with a history of gastric cancer, it is commonly recommended that H. pylori strains be eradicated. Antibiotic drug resistance to H. pylori, which has been reported to vary widely between geographic regions, is mainly associated with treatment failure in these patients. It is therefore imperative that the antibiotic resistance rates of H. pylori in children and adolescents be meticulously monitored across countries and throughout geographic regions. This paper particularly focuses on the antibiotic drug resistance of H. pylori and the thearpy of pediatric H. pylori infection cases.
Adolescent ; Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Child* ; Drug Resistance ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; Peptic Ulcer ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Treatment Failure