PURPOSE: Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common problems in our country leading to hospitalization. Agar is low cost, low risk, and easily fed orally; it can bind bilirubin in the intestine, decreasing its enterohepatic circulation, thereby decreasing serum bilirubin levels. At present, however, the effectiveness of agar in the prevention and treament of neonatal jaundice is quite conflicting and controversy. Recently we have read Caglayan's 'Superiority of Oral Agar and Phototherapy Combination in the Treatment of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia'. The result was very hopeful and attractive enough, and which gave us a motivation to study if it was really of value. METHODS: From May 1995 to April 1996, a total 50 term neonates admitted in nursery of Dong-Eui Medical Center with the capillary serum bilirubin levels greater than 10mg/ dl were enrolled in the study. Those with pathologic causes and breast fed infants were all excluded. The neonates were randomly devided into two groups; 25 of conventional phototherapy alone (P group) and 25 of oral agar plus conventional phototherapy combination (A+P group). The study was terminated when the capillary serum bilirubins were decreased to 8mg/dl. Pastagar B (Pasteur Institute 64946) 500mg in 10ml distilled water were fed four times a day using 10ml syringes prior to bottle feeding. Capillary serum bilirubin levels were measured daily at 10:00 a.m. with heel pad samples. Daily stool frequency and adverse effects of treatment were observed closely. RESULTS: 1) The decrement of the serum bilirubin levels at first 24 hours of therapy was significantly different between P and A+P groups showing as 1.7+/-1.2 and 2.4+/-1.0mg/dl respectively (p<0.05). 2) Mean time for bilirubin to decrease to 8mg/dl was shorter in A+P group than in P group showing as 45.7+/-20.8 and 57.5+/-32.3 hours each other, but those differences were statistically insignificant (p>0.05). 3) No adverse effects such as rashes or abdominal pains were observed during treatment. Differences of mean stool frequency were significant between P and A+P groups showing as 3.7+/-1.2 and 4.7+/-2.0 times per day respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The agar plus conventional phototherapy combination was superior to conventional phototherapy alone at first 24 hours of therapy in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, but further more careful researches would be necessary for using it routinely in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in future.
Abdominal Pain ; Agar* ; Bilirubin ; Bottle Feeding ; Breast ; Capillaries ; Enterohepatic Circulation ; Exanthema ; Heel ; Hope ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intestines ; Jaundice, Neonatal ; Motivation ; Nurseries ; Phototherapy* ; Syringes ; Water

The subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis, also known as Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, is a benign, self-limited disorder of unknown cause. This rare disease is characterized by fever, lymphadenopathy, leukopenia, and elevated sedimentation rate. This disease preferentially affects young women. The diagnosis of this disease is confirmed by involved lymphnodes biopsy. Evidence for autoimmune dysfunction has been reported, but is usually lacking. According to the review of the literatures, a total of 192 cases of subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis were reported in Korea since 1983 mostly in literatures of pathology or internal medicine and only 7 cases in pediatrics. There was female predominance in a 141:51 ratio. However, among 25 cases of under 20 years of age, there was male predominance in a 16:9 ratio. The patients of under and over 20 years of age were 29 and 82, respectively among the age-known 111 cases of 192 reported. We experienced a 13-year-old boy, who had right cervical lymphadenitis with persisting high temperature and pain on lymph nodes for more than 10 days. An excisional cervical lymph node biopsy was performed and pathologic diagnosis was compatible with subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis. Most antibiotics were not effective, but fever subsided with one day of oral prednisolone therapy. Various laboratory studies for prolonged fever were negative except leukopenia and increased sedimentation rates. The CD4/CD8 ratios in acute and recovery stages were 1.1 and 1.5 respectively, showing mild decrease of CD4/CD8 ratio in the acute stage. Decreased T cell proportions in the acute stage were also noted.
Adolescent ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fever ; Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Korea ; Leukopenia ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphadenitis* ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphocyte Subsets* ; Lymphocytes* ; Male ; Pathology ; Pediatrics ; Prednisolone ; Rare Diseases

The subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis, also known as Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, is a benign, self-limited disorder of unknown cause. This rare disease is characterized by fever, lymphadenopathy, leukopenia, and elevated sedimentation rate. This disease preferentially affects young women. The diagnosis of this disease is confirmed by involved lymphnodes biopsy. Evidence for autoimmune dysfunction has been reported, but is usually lacking. According to the review of the literatures, a total of 192 cases of subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis were reported in Korea since 1983 mostly in literatures of pathology or internal medicine and only 7 cases in pediatrics. There was female predominance in a 141:51 ratio. However, among 25 cases of under 20 years of age, there was male predominance in a 16:9 ratio. The patients of under and over 20 years of age were 29 and 82, respectively among the age-known 111 cases of 192 reported. We experienced a 13-year-old boy, who had right cervical lymphadenitis with persisting high temperature and pain on lymph nodes for more than 10 days. An excisional cervical lymph node biopsy was performed and pathologic diagnosis was compatible with subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis. Most antibiotics were not effective, but fever subsided with one day of oral prednisolone therapy. Various laboratory studies for prolonged fever were negative except leukopenia and increased sedimentation rates. The CD4/CD8 ratios in acute and recovery stages were 1.1 and 1.5 respectively, showing mild decrease of CD4/CD8 ratio in the acute stage. Decreased T cell proportions in the acute stage were also noted.
Adolescent ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fever ; Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Korea ; Leukopenia ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphadenitis* ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphocyte Subsets* ; Lymphocytes* ; Male ; Pathology ; Pediatrics ; Prednisolone ; Rare Diseases

PURPOSE: Bilirubin values may vary depending on the site of sampling. The purpose of this study is to compare simultaneously obtained capillary and venous serum bilirubin to assess neonatal jaundice. METHODS: The subjects for the study included 135 healthy inborn as well as outborn full-term infants admitted to Dong-Eui Medical Center for evaluation of jaundice from May 1997 to February 1999. A paired capillary and venous sample was simultaneously drawn from each neonate, and their serum bilirubins were measured by direct spectrophotometric method. RESULTS: A high correlation between capillary and venous serum bilirubin(correlation coefficient(r) =0.949, P<0.05) was observed. No significant difference between mean capillary and venous bilirubin was detected when capillary bilirubin was less than 10 mg/dL(P>0.05), however, the mean venous bilirubin was significantly higher than the mean capillary bilirubin(mean difference;0.65+/-1.04 mg/dL, P<0.0001) when the capillary bilirubin was greater or equal to 10 g/dL(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: There was a trend toward venous bilirubin being higher than capillary bilirubin at higher serum bilirubin levels. However, further studies are needed to ascer-tain the relationship between the site of the sampling and methodology in measurement of bilirubin.
Bilirubin* ; Capillaries* ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice ; Jaundice, Neonatal*