BACKGROUND: For the treatment of generalized vitiligo patients with oral PUVA, we can use two different methods; one is to treat the lesions while the whole body is exposed. Another one is to treat the lesions while only the lesions are exposed. PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine whether lesional and whole body exposure in oral PUVA for generalized vitiligo show any therapeutic differences in effectiveness. METHODS: The vitiligo lesions were distributed over the whole body skin of the subjects and the lesion area was less than 6% of the whole skin area. PUVA was done to the subjects more than 20 times after oral administration of psoralen. The patients were classified into two different groups. One is the lesional exposure group in which the patient exposed only the vitiligo lesion. The other is the whole body exposure group in which the patient exposed almost their whole body. RESULTS: Our results show that there is no statistical difference of the therapeutic effectiveness between the two methods. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend lesional treatment rather than whole body treatment to prevent the oral PUVA side effects.
Administration, Oral ; Ficusin ; Humans ; Skin ; Vitiligo*

If orthodontists and restorative dentists establish the interdisciplinary approach to esthetic dentistry, the esthetic and functional outcome of their combined efforts will be greatly enhanced. This article describes satisfying esthetic results obtained by the distribution of space for restoration by orthodontic treatment and porcelain laminate veneers in uneven space between maxillary anterior teeth. It is proposed that the use of orthodontic treatment for re-distribution of the space and the use of porcelain laminate veneers to alter crown anatomy provide maximum esthetic and functional correction for patients with irregular interdental spacing.
Crowns ; Dental Porcelain ; Dentistry ; Dentists ; Humans ; Tooth

If orthodontists and restorative dentists establish the interdisciplinary approach to esthetic dentistry, the esthetic and functional outcome of their combined efforts will be greatly enhanced. This article describes satisfying esthetic results obtained by the distribution of space for restoration by orthodontic treatment and porcelain laminate veneers in uneven space between maxillary anterior teeth. It is proposed that the use of orthodontic treatment for re-distribution of the space and the use of porcelain laminate veneers to alter crown anatomy provide maximum esthetic and functional correction for patients with irregular interdental spacing.
Crowns ; Dental Porcelain ; Dentistry ; Dentists ; Humans ; Tooth

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of applying computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) to breast ultrasound (US), depending on the reader's experience with breast imaging. METHODS: Between October 2015 and January 2016, two experienced readers obtained and analyzed the grayscale US images of 200 cases according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon and categories. They additionally applied CAD (S-Detect) to analyze the lesions and made a diagnostic decision subjectively, based on grayscale US with CAD. For the same cases, two inexperienced readers analyzed the grayscale US images using the BI-RADS lexicon and categories, added CAD, and came to a subjective diagnostic conclusion. We then compared the diagnostic performance depending on the reader's experience with breast imaging. RESULTS: The sensitivity values for the experienced readers, inexperienced readers, and CAD (for experienced and inexperienced readers) were 91.7%, 75.0%, 75.0%, and 66.7%, respectively. The specificity values for the experienced readers, inexperienced readers, and CAD (for experienced and inexperienced readers) were 76.6%, 71.8%, 78.2%, and 76.1%, respectively. When diagnoses were made subjectively in combination with CAD, the specificity significantly improved (76.6% to 80.3%) without a change in the sensitivity (91.7%) in the experienced readers. After subjective combination with CAD, both of the sensitivity and specificity improved in the inexperienced readers (75.0% to 83.3% and 71.8% to 77.1%). In addition, the area under the curve improved for both the experienced and inexperienced readers (0.84 to 0.86 and 0.73 to 0.80) after the addition of CAD. CONCLUSION: CAD is more useful for less experienced readers. Combining CAD with breast US led to improved specificity for both experienced and inexperienced readers.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Diagnosis* ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ; Information Systems ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography*

Mitral valvular heart diseases are known to be one of the easily detectable and the hemodynamic chane to the severity and duration of diseases can directly be described by echocardiography. The objective of this study was to determine the echocardiographic characteristics in 3 groups of mitral valvular diseases, that is mitral stenosis(112 cases), mitral stenoinsufficiency (66 cases). and mitral insufficiency(20 cases). 1) In mitral valve study, closing velocity of anterior leaflet reduced in mitral stenosis than other two groups and DE amplitude was greater in mitral insufficiency but there were no significant differences in 3 groups of mitral valvular diseases. DE and AC slope were slightly more rapid in mitral stenosis group and left ventricular outflow tract was much increased in mitral insufficiency group. 2) In aorta and left atrium study, aortic cusps separation was much increased in mitral insufficiency and left atrium was slightly more dilated in mitral stenoinsufficiency than other two groups. But left atrial dimension in mitral insufficiency was more diminished than that in mitral, stenosis, which is probably due to the short durationn of diseases and small range of materials in mitral insufficiency group. 3) In left ventricle study, thickness of interventricular septem, LSa, Ena, left ventricular dimension, LVPW, LV volume. and stroke volume were more increased in mitral insufficiency than mitral stenosis, because of the left ventricular volume overloading. Vcf and PEP/LVET were higher in mitral insufficiency than other two groups. Ejection fraction and fractional shortening were more diminished in mitral stenoinsufficiency but no significant difference was found. 4) In right ventricle study, there were no remarkable changes in right ventricular dimension and right ventricular internal dimension index in all 3 groups of mitral valvular diseases. 5) Calcification of mitral leaflets was observed in 85.7% of mitral stenosis, 90.9% of mitral stenoinsufficiency and 10% of mitral insufficiency, but heavy calcification was more remarkable in mitral stenosis group(25%). 6) Atrial fibrillation was observed in 47% of total mitral valvular diseases, mitral stenosis being 43.8%, mitral stenoinsufficiency 60.6% and mitral insufficiency 20%. In cases of atrial fibrillation, left atrial dimension was significantly enlarged compared with the group without atrial fibrillation.
Aorta ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Echocardiography* ; Heart Atria ; Heart Valve Diseases* ; Heart Ventricles ; Hemodynamics ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Mitral Valve Stenosis ; Stroke Volume

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a dental image processing system using a three-dimensional (3D) camera and stereovision technology. The reliability of the system for measuring axial wall convergence angles was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The new system predicted 3D coordinate points from 2D images and calculated distances and angles between points. Two examiners measured axial wall convergence angles for seven artificial abutments using a traditional tracing-based method (TBM) and the stereovision-based method (SVBM). Five wax abutment models of simplified abutment forms were made and axial wall convergence angles of wax models were measured by both methods. The data were statistically analyzed at the level of significance, 0.05. RESULTS: Intraclass correlation coefficients showed excellent intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliabilities for both methods. Bland-Altman plots and paired t-tests showed significant differences between measurements and true values using TBM; differences were not significant with SVBM. CONCLUSION: This study found that the SVBM reflected true angle values more accurately than a TMB and illustrated an example of 3D computer science applied to clinical dentistry.
Dentistry

BACKGROUND: As the prevalence of obesity has increased, the management of obesity has become important as well. The assessment of abdominal obesity is necessary, because it is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Although WHO Western Pacific Region recommends measurement of waist circumference as well as BMI, there is no data that supports screening and management of obesity in a Health Promotion Center (HPC). Therefore, surveys concerning such issues were done among HPCs in Seoul, Incheon and Kyonggi. METHODS: From April to May 2002, we investigated 115 general hospitals in Seoul, Incheon, Kyonggi and recruited 94 subjects. We obtained the data from a doctor or a nurse who worked in a HPC by telephone survey. RESULTS: The number of respondents was 100 among 115 and in 94 subjects we obtained detailed information. For criteria of obesity, the proportion of hospitals that used the BMI was 35.1%, and those that use the ideal body weight was 50.0%. For criteria of overweight, the BMI was used in 19.1%, and the ideal body weight in 44.7%. Those who did not use any method was 27.7%. Those using the criteria of abdominal obesity was 35.1%, but only 14.9% used waist circumference and 16.9% used bioelectrical impedance analysis. Diet control and exercise was recommended in 57.4% and 61.4%, respectively. Drug therapy was used in 38.2%. CONCLUSION: Although WHO Western Pacific Region recommends a new criteria of obesity, many HPCs do not follow them. Especially, the degree of recognition for abdominal obesity was low. Effort to assess and manage obesity adequately is necessary.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Diet ; Drug Therapy ; Electric Impedance ; Gyeonggi-do ; Health Promotion* ; Hospitals, General ; Ideal Body Weight ; Incheon ; Mass Screening* ; Obesity* ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Overweight ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Seoul ; Telephone ; Waist Circumference

Nevus sebaceus is a congenital cutaneous hamartoma which has a potential to develop both benign and malignant neoplasm in late life. The most common benign tumor developed within the nevus is syringocystadenoma papilliferum and the most common malignant tumor basal cell epithelioma. Although two different tumors often develop simultaneously on the lesion, it is rare to see more than two different tumors developing on the lesion of nevus sebaceus. In Korean literatures only three such cases were reported. We report an additional case of nevus sebaceus developing three different tumors, syringocystadenoma papilliferum, sebaceous epithelioma, and basal cell carcinoma, in a 67-year-old female patient.
Aged ; Carcinoma* ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell* ; Female ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Nevus*

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Implant-supported fixed cantilever prostheses are influenced by various biomechanical factors. The information that shows the effect of implant number and position of cantilever on stress in the supporting bone is limited. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of implant number variation and the effect of 2 different cantilever types on stress distribution in the supporting bone, using 3-dimensional finite element analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 3-D FE model of a mandibular section of bone with a missing second premolar, first molar, and second molar was developed. 4.1x10 mm screw-type dental implant was selected. 4.0 mm height solid abutments were fixed over all implant fixtures. Type III gold alloy was selected for implant-supported fixed prostheses. For mesial cantilever test, model 1-1 which has three 4.1x10 mm implants and fixed prosthesis with no pontic, model 1-2 which has two 4.1x10 mm implants and fixed prosthesis with a central pontic and model 1-3 which has two 4.1x10 mm implants and fixed prosthesis with mesial cantilever were simulated. And then, 155N oblique force was applied to the buccal cusp of second premolar. For distal cantilever test, model 2-1 which has three 4.1x10 mm implants and fixed prosthesis with no pontic, model 2-2 which has two 4.1x10 mm implants and fixed prosthesis with a central pontic and model 2-3 which has two 4.1x10 mm implants and fixed prosthesis with distal cantilever were simulated. And then, 206N oblique force was applied to the buccal cusp of second premolar. The implant and superstructure were simulated in finite element software(Pro/Engineer wildfire 2.0). The stress values were observed with the maximum von Mises stresses. RESULTS: Among the models without a cantilever, model 1-1 and 2-1 which had three implants, showed lower stress than model 1-2 and 2-2 which had two implants. Although model 2-1 was applied with 206N , it showed lower stress than model 1-2 which was applied with 155N. In models that implant positions of models were same, the amount of applied occlusal load largely influenced the maximum von Mises stress. Model 1-1, 1-2 and 1-3, which were loaded with 155N, showed less stress than corresponding model 2-1, 2-2 and 2-3 which were loaded with 206N. For the same number of implants, the existence of a cantilever induced the obvious increase of maximum stress. Model 1-3 and 2-3 which had a cantilever, showed much higher stress than the others which had no cantilever. In all models, the von Mises stresses were concentrated at the cortical bone around the cervical region of the implants. Meanwhile, in model 1-1, 1-2 and 1-3, which were loaded on second premolar position, the first premolar participated in stress distribution. First premolars of model 2-1, 2-2 and 2-3 did not participate in stress distribution. CONCLUSION: 1. The more implants supported, the less stress was induced, regardless of applied occlusal loads. 2. The maximum von Mises stress in the bone of the implant-supported three unit fixed dental prosthesis with a mesial cantilever was 1.38 times that with a central pontic. The maximum von Mises stress in the bone of the implant-supported three-unit fixed dental prosthesis with a distal cantilever was 1.59 times that with a central pontic. 3. A distal cantilever induced larger stress in the bone than a mesial cantilever. 4. A adjacent tooth which contacts implant-supported fixed prosthesis participated in the stress distribution.
Alloys ; Bicuspid ; Dental Implants ; Dental Prosthesis ; Denture, Partial, Fixed ; Finite Element Analysis ; Molar ; Prostheses and Implants ; Tooth

Acute gastric anisakiasis with multiple anisakid larvae infection is reported. A 68-year-old woman residing in Busan, Korea, had epigastric pain with severe vomiting about 5 hours after eating raw anchovies. Four nematode larvae penetrating the gastric mucosae in the great curvature of the middle body and fundus were found and removed during gasteroendoscopic examination. Another one thread-like moving larva was found in the great curvature of upper body on the following day. On the basis of their morphology, the worms were identified as the 3rd stage larvae of Anisakis simplex. This case is acute gastric anisakiasis provoking severe clinical problems by the multiple infection and the greatest number of anisakid larvae found in a patient in Korea.
Acute Disease ; Aged ; Animals ; Anisakiasis/*parasitology/surgery ; Anisakis/*growth & development ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa/parasitology/pathology/surgery ; Gastroscopy ; Human ; Stomach Diseases/*parasitology/pathology/surgery