We reviewed 9 eyes which underwent combined phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy at separate site. Phacoemulsification was performed using corneal incision and trabeculectomy was performed at one superior quadrant using a limbus-based conjunctival flap with mitomycin C(0.2mg/ml, 3-5 minutes). Six eyes received 3-piece folable silicone lenses and 3 eyes received 1-picec PMMA(diameter 5.5mm) lenses. Mean preoperatie intraocular pressure (IOP) was 23.4+/-8.7mmHg. Mean follow-up period was 12.7(range 6-21)months. The mean postoperative IOP at 1, 6, 12 months were 14.6+/-4.8mmHg, 13.8+/-4.4mmHg, 16.6+/-6.8mmHg, respectively. Seven eyes achieved a final fisual acuity of 0.7 or better. One patient developed vision-impairing complications; flat anterior chambe and anterior dislocation of silicone lens. Other complications include posteror synechiae(4 eyes), capsular opacities (3 eyes), lens decentration with capsular contracture(1 eye). These rusults suggest that combined corneal incision phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy at separate site offers an effective technique to control postoperative intraocular pressure in patients with coexsisting cataract and glaucoma, though this procedure is not devoid of complications.
Cataract ; Dislocations ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Mitomycin ; Phacoemulsification* ; Silicones ; Trabeculectomy*

No abstract available.
Trichothiodystrophy Syndromes*

The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis decreased from 5.1% in 1965 to 1.0% in 1995 in Korea but no statistics about the incidence of urinary tuberculosis have been reported yet. The urinary tuberculosis in childhood is known to be a rare disease because of its long latent period. We report a case of urinary tuberculosis in a 9 year old girl.
Child ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Rare Diseases ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Urinary Tract*

PURPOSE: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria and important for pro-inflammatory mediators. This study aimed to establish a rhinitis model using ovalbumin (OVA) and LPS in order to evaluate the role of interleukin (IL)-17 in the pathogenesis of an LPS-induced non-eosionophilic rhinitis model. METHODS: Mice were divided into 4 groups and each group consisted of 10 mice (negative control group, allergic rhinitis model group, 1-µg LPS treatment group, and 10-µg LPS treatment group). BALB/c mice were sensitized with OVA and 1 or 10 µg of LPS, and challenged intranasally with OVA. Multiple parameters of rhinitis were also evaluated to establish the LPS-induced rhinitis model. IL-17 knockout mice were used to check if the LPS-induced rhinitis model were dependent on IL-17. Eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration, and mRNA and protein expression profiles of cytokine in nasal mucosa or spleen cell culture were evaluated using molecular, biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistological methods. RESULTS: In the LPS-induced rhinitis model, neutrophil infiltration increased in the nasal mucosa, and systemic and nasal IL-17 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels also increased as compared with the OVA-induced allergic rhinitis model. These findings were LPS-dose-dependent. In IL-17 knockout mice, those phenotypes (neutrophil infiltration, IL-17, and IFN-γ) were reversed, showing IL-17 dependency of LPS-induced rhinitis. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an important mediator for inflammation and angiogenesis, decreased in IL-17 knockout mice, showing the relationship between IL-17 and VEGF. CONCLUSIONS: This study established an LPS-induced rhinitis model dependent on IL-17, characterized by neutrophil infiltration and increased expression of IL-17.
Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Wall ; Eosinophils ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Inflammation ; Interferon-gamma ; Interleukin-17* ; Interleukins ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Nasal Mucosa ; Neutrophil Infiltration ; Ovalbumin ; Ovum ; Phenotype ; Rhinitis* ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; RNA, Messenger ; Spleen ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Interleukin (IL)-17 plays an important role in rhinitis and the level thereof correlates with the severity of disease. However, no mouse model for IL-17-dominant rhinitis has yet been developed. Our objective was to establish a mouse model of IL-17-dominant rhinitis via intranasal application of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (abbreviated as Poly(I:C)). Mice were divided into 6 groups (n=8 for each group); 1) 1 negative control group, 2) 1 positive control group (OVA/alum model), 3) 2 Poly(I:C) groups (10 or 100 µg), and 4) 2 OVA/Poly(I:C) groups (10 or 100 µg). The positive control group was treated with the conventional OVA/alum protocol. In the Poly(I:C) and OVA/Poly(I:C) groups, phosphate-buffered saline or an OVA solution plus Poly(I:C) were administered. The OVA/Poly(I:C) groups exhibited significantly greater neutrophil infiltration and increased IL-17/interferon γ expression compared with the other groups. However, the levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE), OVA-specific IgE, eosinophil infiltration, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 were significantly lower in the OVA/Poly(I:C) groups than in mice subjected to conventional Th2-dominant OVA/alum treatment (the positive control group). IL-17 and neutrophil measurement, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 immunohistochemistry, and confocal microscopy revealed increased numbers of IL-17-secreting cells in the nasal mucosa of the OVA/Poly(I:C) groups, which included natural killer cells, CD4 T cells, and neutrophils. In conclusion, we developed a mouse model of IL-17-dominant rhinitis using OVA together with Poly(I:C). This model will be useful in research on neutrophil- or IL-17-dominant rhinitis.
Animals ; Chemokine CXCL1 ; Eosinophils ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunoglobulins ; Immunohistochemistry ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-17 ; Interleukin-4 ; Interleukin-5 ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukins ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Mice* ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Nasal Mucosa ; Neutrophil Infiltration ; Neutrophils ; Ovum ; Poly I-C* ; Rhinitis* ; T-Lymphocytes

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) after surgery is one of the rare but fatal complications causing sudden respiratory failure. This study was performed to evaluate PTE after head and neck surgery and to report our recent experience with review of the literature. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed 1096 patients who underwent head and neck surgery from January 2011 to June 2013 in a tertiary hospital. We evaluated the incidence and characteristics of PTE and risk factors of PTE such as smoking, body mass index, comorbidities, coronary artery disease, coagulation disorder and Caprini risk assessment model. RESULTS: PTE occurred in five of 1096 patients (0.46%; two were male and three were female, with a mean age of 56.2 year). All patients with PTE were categorized into high risk group of PTE by Caprini model. The mean Caprini risk score were 6.6 and 4.6 in the PTE patients and non-PTE patients, respectively. The significant risk factors were long operative time, cancer patients and high Caprini score in this study. One PTE patient underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation due to respiratory arrest, afterwards received thromboembolectomy by thoracotomy. Four patients received anticoagulation therapy only. CONCLUSION: Risk stratification for PTE is necessary in patients who receive long operation for head and neck cancer or have high Caprini score.
Body Mass Index ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Comorbidity ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Head* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Neck* ; Operative Time ; Pulmonary Embolism* ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Thoracotomy ; Venous Thrombosis

No abstract available.
Nitric Oxide* ; Paclitaxel* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

BACKGROUND: Inflammation plays an important role in the postoperative morbidity of organs, which is related to the activation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Ulinastatin (Urinary trypsin inhibitor, UTI) is a serine protease inhibitor found in human urine or serum that inhibits the activation of human leukocyte elastase. This study examined the effect of UTI on the inflammation response in patients undergoing a gastrectomy. METHODS: Thirty patients scheduled to undergo a gastrectomy were divided into two groups as follows: Control group (untreated, n = 15) and UTI group (100,000 units of UTI were continuously injected intravenously for 2 hours, n = 15). Arterial blood was sampled before surgery (T0), 10 minutes after its onset (T1), at its end (T2), and 1 hour after surgery (T3) to measure the level of cytokines. RESULTS: Both the control and treatment groups had higher interleukin (IL)-6 levels at T2 and T3 than T0, and the level increased with time. However, the increase was smaller in the treatment group. The IL-8 levels were not activated significantly in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: UTI inhibits the secretion of IL-6, which is an inflammatory cytokine produced after a gastrectomy. This shows that UTI can decrease the inflammation reaction caused by surgical stress.
Cytokines ; Gastrectomy ; Glycoproteins ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukin-8 ; Interleukins ; Leukocyte Elastase ; Serine Proteases ; Trypsin

We report on a 28 years old female with recurred cardiac myxomas who presented with dizziness, headache, and blurred vision. She had an excision of biatrial atrial myxomas 10 years age. Varying sized multiple cerebral aneuysms and myxomas in left atrium and left ventricle were found on a cerebral angiogram and echocardiogram, respectively. After wide excision including interatrial septum and part of left ventricular septum, her symptoms were much improved.
Adult ; Dizziness ; Female ; Headache ; Heart Atria ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Myxoma* ; Ventricular Septum