No abstract available.
Epilepsy* ; Video Games*

BACKGROUND: The cause of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) is unknown. Recent studies suggest that IPD occurs less frequently in smokers than in non-smokers, but remains a controversial topic. We performed a case-control study to investigate the relationship between IPD and smoking in Korea. METHODS:The smoking histories of 624 IPD patients were compared with 622 age- and sex-matched control subjects at the Asan Medical Center. Detailed informa-tion on smoking behavior was identified from a questionnaire and self report. A conditional logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and control for potential confounds. RESULTS: With "never-smokers" as the refer-ence category, there was an inverse association between past-smokers and IPD (OR 0.617, p=0.029), and a stronger inverse association of IPD with current-smokers (OR 0.389, p<0.001). When smokers were stratified by the interval "since quitting", there was an inverse association between those who stopped smoking more than 10 years ago and IPD (OR 0.753, p=0.31), and a greater inverse relationship with those who stopped smoking 1 to 10 years (OR 0.489, p=0.017). A significant trend of decreased risk of IPD with pack-years of smoking was detected. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that IPD occurs less often in smokers than in non-smokers. The inverse dose-response relationship between smoking and IPD provides indirect evidence that smoking is biologically protective.
Case-Control Studies ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Odds Ratio ; Parkinson Disease* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Report ; Smoke* ; Smoking*

No abstract available.
Herpes Zoster* ; Male ; Penis

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ventricular conduction abnormalities, especially RBBB, observed electrocardiographically after surgical closure of VSD. The present study population consists of 92 patients with VSD who were surgically corrected at the Hanyang University Hospital during 6 years period from Jan. 1985 to Dec. 1990. We reviewed their clinical records including surgical notes and EKG findings before and after operations. The results of the study were as follows: 1) Male to female ratio was 1.1:1 (48:44) 2) Out of a total of 92 cases of VSD, 65cases(70.7%)were perimembranous type and 27 cases (29.3%)were subarterial type. 3) The normal preoperative EKG findings were seen in 22 patients, LVH in 21 patients, BUH in 47patients, and RVH in 3 patiens. 4) A transatrial approach was performed in 55 cases, right ventriculotomy with or without resection of muscles in right ventricle in 13 cases, and pulmonary arteriotomy alone in 24 cases. 5) The right bundle branch block after operation developed in 33 patients out of the 65 patinets with perimembranous defect and 5 patients out of the 27 patients with subarterial defects. Postoperative RBBB developed more frequently in perimembranous defect than in subarterial defect. 6) Postoperative RBBB occured in 31.8% of the patients with normal preoperative EKG findings, 23.8% with preoperative LVH, 52.1% with BVH and 66.7% with RVH. Postoperative RBBB was more frequently observed in the patients group with preoperative BVH or RVH than the patients with normal or LVH. 7) Postoperative RBBB was observed in 84.6% after right wentriculotomy, in 43.6% after right atriotomy and in 12.5% with pulmonary arteriotomy alone.
Bundle-Branch Block* ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular* ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles

No abstract available.
Parkinson Disease*

A 19-year-old woman presented to our dental clinic with anterior crossbite and mandibular prognathism. She had a concave profile, long face, and Angle Class III molar relationship. She showed disharmony in the crowding of the maxillomandibular dentition and midline deviation. The diagnosis and treatment plan were established by a three-dimensional (3D) virtual setup and 3D surgical simulation, and a surgical wafer was produced using the stereolithography technique. No presurgical orthodontic treatment was performed. Using the surgery-first approach, Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy and mandibular bilateral intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy setback were carried out. Treatment was completed with postorthodontic treatment. Thus, symmetrical and balanced facial soft tissue and facial form as well as stabilized and well-balanced occlusion were achieved.
Crowding ; Dental Clinics ; Dentition ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III ; Maxillary Osteotomy ; Molar ; Osteotomy ; Prognathism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: The patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) suffered by a lot of complications that influence the quality of life both physically and mentally. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of patients with spinal cord injury in incidence of the complication according to the injury level and period. METHOD: Retrospective study was done in 554 patients with SCI who discharged from Yonsei University Medical Center from January, 1987 to December, 1996. We investigated the incidence of each complication such as respiratory, cardiovascular, genitourinary, musculoskeletal, and dermatologic complications according to the neurologic level and each period (1987~1991, 1992~1996). RESULTS: Among the 554 cases, urologic complication (40.3%) was the most common complication followed by dermatologic (39.0%), musculoskeletal (33.6%), cardiovascular (27.1%) and so on. The most common complications of each system were autonomic dysreflexia (13.2%) in cardiovascular, pneumonia (9.6%) in respiratory, contracture (27.8%) in musculoskeletal, urinary tract infection (34.3%) in urologic, hemorrhoid in gastrointestinal, and central pain (24.0%) in neurogenic complications. The most common site of pressure sore was sacral area (58.9%). There was no significant difference in each complication according to the injury period. CONCLUSION: Urologic complication was the most prevalent in patients with SCI followed by dermatologic, musculoskeletal and so on. These basic results would be helpful for prevention and management of the complication of SCI.
Academic Medical Centers ; Autonomic Dysreflexia ; Contracture ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Epidemiology ; Hemorrhoids ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pneumonia ; Pressure Ulcer ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Urinary Tract Infections

Acanthosis nigricans is a symmetric eruption characterized by the presence of a hyperpigmented, velvety cutaneous thickening, that can develop on any part of the body, but characteristically affects the flexural areas of the body. The velvety hyperkeratotic lesions can be located on the dorsum of the hands and feet in dark-skinned people in the form of a variant of acanthosis nigricans called as acral acanthotic anomaly or acral type acanthosis nigricans. Although acanthosis nigricans is associated with malignant tumors, particularly gastric carcinoma, acral type acanthosis nigricans has never been reported to be associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. In our present study, we describe a case of 58-year-old man with acral type acanthosis nigricans and its association with carcinoma of the stomach; a marked improvement was seen in the skin condition of the patient with chemotherapy.
Acanthosis Nigricans ; Adenocarcinoma ; Foot ; Hand ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Skin

We investigated a topographical distribution of managanese, and immunohistochemical density of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and histopathologic findings in globus pallidus and substantia nigra according to manganese dose and time course in the brain of rats which received MnCl2 intravenously. Topographical distribution of manganese was also investigated after injection of FeCl2. The manganese concentrations of brain in control and experimental group were highest in pituitary gland and thalamus, and lowest in the cerebral cortex. The manganese concentration of blood was increased proportionally to the dose administered, and the biological half-life of blood manganese was between 21 and 42 days. The manganese concentrations of brain were increased proportionally to the dose, and increase rate was highest in olfactory bulb, and the biological half-lives of brain manganese ranged from 42 days to 90 or more days; the longest were observed in pituitary gland, medulla oblongata and cerebral cortex. In case of administration of FeCl2, the manganese concentrations of brain were higher than that of control group in dose of 2.5 mg/kg, and decreased proportionally to the administered dose, resulting in lower level compared with control group in high dose of FeCl2 administered. Significantly decreased number of nerve cell and increased gliosis in globus pallidus were observed in experimental group, which were closely correlated with the duration after manganese injection, but no significant change of number of nerve cell expressing TH and gliosis were observed in substantia nigra. Density of immunohistochemical reaction for TH in globus pallidus made little difference between control and experimental group. These results suggest that pathology of manganese intoxication is caused by the loss of nerve cells in globus pallidus, and closely correlated with the duration after manganese exposure.
Animals ; Brain* ; Cerebral Cortex ; Gliosis ; Globus Pallidus ; Half-Life ; Manganese* ; Medulla Oblongata ; Neurons ; Olfactory Bulb ; Pathology ; Pituitary Gland ; Rats* ; Substantia Nigra ; Thalamus ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase

Symptomatic pacing lead-associated thrombosis is very uncommon occurring in 0.5-3.5% of pacemaker implants. Especially thrombisis-induced total occlusion occures almost in late stage over several months to years but acute thrombosis occurring several days after venous pacing has not been reported. In this case, We performed upper limb venography in the patient who presented edema and pain of neck, left upper limb and headache as well as intermittent cough occurring in bending forward. A venogram confirmed acute thrombus completely occluding the left brachiocephalic vein and the patient received intravenous heparin and was maintained on warfarin. Repeated veno- graphy after treatment for 30 days revealed persistent thrombus with total occlusion which not be improved signi- ficantly copmpared to previous venogram and collateral veins diverting the blood to the contralateral side and into the superior vena cava was developed. The patient's symptoms resolved almost and that is likely to be due to the development of collateral venous channels.
Brachiocephalic Veins* ; Cough ; Edema ; Headache ; Heparin ; Humans ; Neck ; Phlebography ; Thrombosis* ; Upper Extremity ; Veins ; Vena Cava, Superior ; Warfarin