Epilepsy surgery in Korea began as early as in the 1940s and continued to develop through the second half of the 20th century. Introduction of neuroimaging modalities, establishment of epilepsy monitoring units and the epilepsy team approach contributed to the rapid development. �or about 300�- 400 operations carried out yearly��, t�here i��s at �prese�nt suffi���cien�t n�umb ��er of ep�ileps� y surg�ery cen�ters�� an�d q�ualifi��ed neurosurgeons in Korea. However, Korean neurosurgeons should adapt themselves to changing recent trends. Etiologies of epilepsy have dramatically changed from head trauma and infectious diseases to tumors and developmental abnormalities. Although traditional resective surgery still constitutes the main bulk of the operations, new therapeutic procedures based on neuro�modulation are emerging as alternative treatments. There should also be participation in basic science research which would leads to future innovations in treatment of epilepsy.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the frequently of low ahetenuation area in enhanced CT scans of non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL) and to find out if there is any pertinent relationship between this and the histopathologic classification. MATERIALS & METHODS: The authors reviewed CT scans in the newly diagnosed 53 patients with NHL. We defined the-low attenuation area as the one with CT attenuation value lower than that of the muscle, surrounding lesion, or other lymph nodes after contrast enhancement. NHL with the low attenuation areas were correlated with the histopathologic findings according to the classification based on the Working Formulation and the frequency of the lesion was evaluated. RESULT: Of the 53 patients, the low attenuation area was found in 13 patients (25%) at CT. The histopathologic classification could be made in 12 patients, among whom one patient was classified as low grade, six as intermediate grade, and five as high-grade. Concerning the specific cell typing, the diffuse large cell type was most common in intermediate-grade NHL seen in five patients and the large cell, immunoblastic type was most common in high-grade NHL seen ih three patients. CONCLUSION: The authors concluded that the low attenution area within lymphoma is not an infrequent finding at CT, and there was no stastistically significant correlation between this finding and the prognostic grading of the Working Formulation.
Classification ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Epilepsy associated with brain tumors (EABT) is a multi-faceted disease that both oncological and epileptological concerns should be taken into consideration. Usually, it is characterized by chronic drug-resistant epilepsy with a low-grade brain tumor in the cerebrum. However, the distinction of typical EABT and simple brain tumors with short-term epilepsy is obscure. We need a working formulation based on the patient's burden in both oncological and epileptological aspects. The diagnosis of EABT is straightforward, but the treatment should be more complex. Medical treatment with anticonvulsants aloneseems tobe anoutdated remedy for EABT because of the risk of tumor growth and malignant progression in some patients as well as the expected favorable seizure control after surgery. Surgical treatment of EABT has resulted in seizure-free state in about 80% of patients. Complete resection of the tumor is an important prognostic factor in seizure control and probably also in tumor control. Recently, many authors emphasized a lesion-directed surgery aimed at a complete tumor removal in EABT. However, in some patients, especially in patients with dual pathology, electrophysiological studies have to be thoroughly applied. For the treatment of EABT in the temporal lobe, more sophisticated surgical strategy is required. A lesionectomy saving the uninterrupted hippocampus could be applied for selected patients. Further research is strongly needed for better understanding and treatment of EABT and low-grade glioma.
Anticonvulsants ; Brain ; Brain Neoplasms ; Cerebrum ; Epilepsy ; Glioma ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Seizures ; Temporal Lobe

The perioperative use of anticonvulsants in patients receiving craniotomy for various CNS diseases has been a routine practice in neurosurgery. However, there have been no unified evidence-based guidelines for the perioperative use of anticonvulsants. We searched for published studies related to this subject in MEDLINE and reviewed them. Several randomized controlled studies were regarded as more important because they could provide strong evidence. The conclusions are as follows. First, postoperative seizures are serious problems in neurosurgical practice and should be strictly controlled. Second, anticonvulsants could decrease the occurrence of postoperative seizures. Third, the therapeutic serum levels of anticonvulsants are of utmost importance in the prevention of postoperative seizures. Fourth, valproic acid has no advantage over phenytoin in the prevention of postoperative seizures.
Anticonvulsants* ; Central Nervous System Diseases ; Craniotomy ; Humans ; Neurosurgery* ; Phenytoin ; Seizures ; Valproic Acid

PURPOSE: To compare image quality of storage phosphor digital radiography(DR) with film-screen radiography in portable chest imaging, and to assess the minimum X-ray dose that can be applied to DR in adults without image degradation, and also to compare image qualities of low dose and standard dose DR. Materials and Methalos: A geometrical phantom similar to the human thorax was imaged by a portable radiographic unit with fixed kVp and variable m^s in both film-screen and DR systems. Three radiologists scored the images by four grades in four categories of 1) contrast between mediastinum and lung, 2) definition of the nodule in the lung, 3) definition of another nodule through the mediastinal shadow, and 4) grainess(noise : assessed only in DR). Additionally, portable chest images were obtained in 10 patients in a intensive care unit by film-screen, standard dose and half dose DR in consecutive days. The same readers scored the images by four grades in six categories of 1) the lungs and hila, 2) the mediastinum, 3) subphrenic area. 4) musculoskeletal shadow, 5) tubes and lines, and 6) grainess (only in DR). The images with superior quality were assessed by paired t-test. RESULTS: In phantom study, the minimum dose of digital images scored 3 or more by all readers was 39% of the standard dose. In patient study, DR was superior to film-screen radiography in all categories except tube and line. Low dose DR was not inferior to standard dose DR in five categories other than grainess to two readers or more. CONCLUSION: In portable chest imaging, storage phosphor DR image was superior to conventional film-screen radiography and half dose DR was comparable to standard dose DR despite of more noise.
Adult ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Lung ; Mediastinum ; Noise ; Radiographic Image Enhancement* ; Radiography ; Thorax*

PURPOSE: To compare image quality of storage phosphor digital radiography(DR) with film-screen radiography in portable chest imaging, and to assess the minimum X-ray dose that can be applied to DR in adults without image degradation, and also to compare image qualities of low dose and standard dose DR. Materials and Methalos: A geometrical phantom similar to the human thorax was imaged by a portable radiographic unit with fixed kVp and variable m^s in both film-screen and DR systems. Three radiologists scored the images by four grades in four categories of 1) contrast between mediastinum and lung, 2) definition of the nodule in the lung, 3) definition of another nodule through the mediastinal shadow, and 4) grainess(noise : assessed only in DR). Additionally, portable chest images were obtained in 10 patients in a intensive care unit by film-screen, standard dose and half dose DR in consecutive days. The same readers scored the images by four grades in six categories of 1) the lungs and hila, 2) the mediastinum, 3) subphrenic area. 4) musculoskeletal shadow, 5) tubes and lines, and 6) grainess (only in DR). The images with superior quality were assessed by paired t-test. RESULTS: In phantom study, the minimum dose of digital images scored 3 or more by all readers was 39% of the standard dose. In patient study, DR was superior to film-screen radiography in all categories except tube and line. Low dose DR was not inferior to standard dose DR in five categories other than grainess to two readers or more. CONCLUSION: In portable chest imaging, storage phosphor DR image was superior to conventional film-screen radiography and half dose DR was comparable to standard dose DR despite of more noise.
Adult ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Lung ; Mediastinum ; Noise ; Radiographic Image Enhancement* ; Radiography ; Thorax*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

Stomach carcinoma is more common disease in korea than western contries. The reported ultrasonographicfindings of gastric carcinoma were thickening of gastric wall and “pseudokidney” sign. The auther analizedultrasonographic findings of 101 cases with gastric carcinoma who were performed ultrasonography and gastroscopyat Kyung Hee Universtiy Hospital from Oct. 1982 to Oct. 1985. The results were as followings; 1. Types of gastriccarcinoma were consisted with infiltrative type 68 cases, infiltrative type with ulceration 16 cases, polypoidtype with ulceration 1 cases, infiltrative and polypoid type 4 cases, linities plastica type 3 cases, lcerativetype 1 case and polypoid type 1 case. 2. Extent of the lesions were in body and antrum 45 cases, entire stomach 18cases, antrum 18 cases, body 12 cases, body and fundus 6 cases. 3. Ultrasonography was useful in demonstrating theextent of the tumor and the presence of materials elsewhere in abdoment.
Korea ; Stomach ; Ulcer ; Ultrasonography

This article describes common comorbid condtion of the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and recommends treatment guidelines of pharmacotherapy for patients with ASD. More than 95% of people with ASD have at least one additional disorder and guidelines how to evaluate and treat comorbid conditions in patients with ASD and 7 recommendations for treatment with medication for ASD.

Purpose: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a relatively common malignancy of the urinary tract. Over the past few decades, methodologies for diagnosing and managing patients with RCC have shown various developmental stages. This study was designed to provide insights into RCC research trends over that period. Materials and Methods: To understand RCC research trends over the past 30 years, we conducted a bibliometric analysis, an appropriate method for evaluating scholarly output. Data were acquired by searching the Web of Science for articles published between 1991 and 2020. Bibliometric analysis and VOSviewer were used to visualize and statistically analyze the research trends. Results: A total of 18,172 articles were identified. The most productive country was the United States (n=4,461, 26.5%), followed by China (n=3,503, 19.9%), and Japan (n=1,950, 11.9%). During keyword analysis, 3 clusters were identified, relating to gene expression, surgical outcomes, and immunotherapy. Over the last 10 years, research has mostly focused on emerging immunotherapy-related drugs. Conclusions Our bibliometric analysis has explained the characteristics of RCC research trends over the past 30 years.