PURPOSE: To assess the role of blood vessels in the formation of peritumoral abnormal signal intensity which exaggerates the size of malignant tumor on MR images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed MR-microangiographic-pathologic correlation using implanted VX-2 carcinoma in 16 rabbit thighs 1-28 days after tumor implantation. The shape and distribution of abnormal vessels were analyzed on microangiography and on histologic examination in correlation with peritumoral abnormal signal intensity on MR images. RESULTS: Dilated peritumoral blood vessels gave rise to irregular, tortuous tumor vessels penetrated into the tumor. With the tumor growth, hypervascular tumor vessels in peritumoral area and central avascular areas were increased. These hypervascular areas on microangiography were corresponded with abnormal signal intensity on MR images. CONCLUSION: Hypervascularity could be a cause of peritumoral abnormal signal intensity which exaggerates the size of experimentally induced malignant musculoskeletal tumors on MR images.
Blood Vessels* ; Thigh

We retrospectively analysed plain radiographs and MR imaging of 16 conventional osteosarcoma cases(8 children, 8 adults) which underwent amputations or limb salvage operations. Pathologic correlation was performed with gross and microscopic sections to evaluate 1) whether the open epiphyseal plate can function as a barrier against transphyseal spread of osteosarcoma and 2) the diagnostic value of MR imaging for the detection of the detection of the epiphyseal involvement of osteosarcoma. In children with open epiphyseal plates, conventional radiographs suggested transphyseal tumor growth in one of eight cases(12.5% and MR imaging in seven cases(87.5%). Pathologic examination confirmed epiphyseal involvement in six of seven cases noted with MR imaging(75%). On the the other hand, in adult patients with closed epiphyseal plates, conventional radiographs showed transphyseal tumor growth in six of eight cases(75%), while MR imaging and pathologic exam demonstrated tumor invasion in all cases(100%). We conclude that open epiphyseal plate does not function as and effective barrier against tumor extension, and MR imaging is an excellent method in detecting the extent of transphyseal tumor growth.
Adult ; Amputation ; Child ; Growth Plate ; Hand ; Humans ; Limb Salvage ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Methods ; Osteosarcoma* ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Intracranial Hemorrhages* ; Vitamin K* ; Vitamins*

We studied retrospectively 41 eyes of 38 patients who showed choroidal detachment during admission to Seoul National University Hospital. The male to female sex ratio was 29:9, and the total incidence of choroidal detachment was 0.5%, among the in-patients. The follow-up peroidswere two months to two years. The patients were classified into four groups according to the causes of the choroidal detachment: group 1 ; after anterior segment surgeries, group 2 ; after vitreoretinal surgeries, group 3 ; associated with retinal detachment, group 4 ; associated with perforating ocular injuries. The most common cause was anterior segment surgery(48.9%), especially, glaucoma surgery. In Molteno and ACTSEB implant surgery cases, the incidence of choroidal detachment was 20.0%. The spontaneous recovery rate in untreated group was 75.0%, except preoforating injuries, that was 90.0% and the mean recovery time was 19.6 days. In treated group, the recovery rate was 94.1%. The recovery rate was inversely proportional to extent of choroidal detachment, it being 93.3% in less-than-half choridal detachment group, 76.9% in annular choroidal detachment group. The mean intraocular pressure(IOP) of patients with choridal detachment was 8.7 mmHg, showing its association with hypotony, and the mean IOP of group 2(20.3 mmHg) being much higher than that of group 1(8.0 mmHg), or group 3(6.0 mmHg). The pathogenesis of choroidal detachments in group 2 patients might be transient inflammation or obstruction of the venous drainage, for they were treated with encircling and cryotherapy in all cases.
Choroid ; Cryotherapy ; Drainage ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inflammation ; Male ; Retinal Detachment ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Sex Ratio ; Vitreoretinal Surgery

Identifying specific factors and/or mechanism regulating development of periodontal tissue will provide important information as to which molecules and cells are required for regulation of periodontal tissue lost as a consequence of disease. The origin and location of cementoblast and osteoblast precursor cells in adult periodontal tissues is not definitely known but it has been suggested that tooth related periodontal ligament may be the source of cementoblasts and the bone-related periodontal ligament for osteoblasts. However, little is known of the molecular mechanism controlling PDL function. PDL-specific protein; PDLs22 had been previously identified as a novel protein isolated from cultured human PDL fibroblasts using subtraction hybridization between human gingival fibroblasts and PDL fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to examine the functional characterization of PDLs22 in differentiation of periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and cementum. Human osteocalcin (OC), osteonectin (ON) and PDLs22 mRNA were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in primary cell cultures of periodontal ligament fibroblast during mineral nodule formation in vitro. And the localization of PDLs22 in rat tissues was detected by polyclonal antibody against PDLs22 by means of immunohistochemical staining. The results were as follows: 1. PDL cells were capable of producing mineral-like nodules in vitro. 2. PDLs22 mRNA was expressed in the initial stages whereas it was not expressed in the calcification stage, during mineral nodule formation of PDL cells in vitro. 3. PDLs22 protein was expressed in external dental epithelium and stellate reticulum during crown formation stage, and was continued in external dental epithelium of Hertwig's epithelial sheath. Also PDLs22 protein was strongly expressed in the bone and cementum-related side of the PDL and weakly expressed in the middle of PDL. In the developing bone, PDLs22 protein is only expressed in preosteoblast not osteocyte and osteoblast. The results suggest PDLs22 is important mediator of epithelial-mesenchymal reaction in development of PDL, alveolar bone and cementum and is related to initial differentiation of cementum and alveolar bone.
Adult ; Animals ; Crowns ; Dental Cementum* ; Epithelium ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Osteoblasts ; Osteocalcin ; Osteocytes ; Osteonectin ; Periodontal Ligament* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Primary Cell Culture ; Rats ; Reticulum ; Reverse Transcription ; RNA, Messenger ; Tooth

There are some reports that high incidence of early onset of sexual development is related to improved nutrition, changes in living habits caused by social and economic developments, and especially to obesity. Our prospective study attempted to identify the features by investigating and analyzing the physical development status, results of specific hormone tests, living environment, and dietary habits of 60 girls who visited our university hospital with symptoms of early secondary sexual characteristics, and to explore the elements that could be helpful for future medical examinations and treatments. Patients were divided in two groups due to the result of gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test. In Group 1, peak luteinizing hormone levels of > or = 5 mIU/mL and the rest of the patients were included in Group 2. In Group 1, there showed early onset of maternal menstruation (menarche), increased intake of chicken-based foods, increased insulin-like growth factor 1 and estradiol. These result showed that precocious puberty was related to genetic and environmental effects, especially diets such as chicken-based foods. Correcting living environments and diet habits will be helpful for prevention of precocious puberty in girls and future study will be needed.
Diet ; Estradiol ; Female ; Food Habits ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Humans ; Incidence ; Luteinizing Hormone ; Menstruation ; Obesity ; Prospective Studies ; Puberty, Precocious* ; Sexual Development

PURPOSE: We evaluated the capability of MR in the diagnosis of anomalous pulmonary venous connection (APVC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The patient group consisted of 11 total APVC and 8 partial APVC diagnosed with MR. Echocardiography was performed in all cases, cardiac angiography in 12 cases and operation in 12 cases. We compared MR findings with those of operation, echocard iography and cardiac angiography. RESULTS: In surgically proven 12 cases, diagnostic accuracy of preoperative MR, echocardiography and cardiac angiography was 100%, 67% and 63%, respectively. In the remaining cases, MR findings well correlated with those of echocardiography or cardiac angiography. Stenosis of common pulmonary vein or superior vena cava was identified in 4 cases. In one patient, MR depicted associated cor triatriatum clearly. CONCLUSION: MR is an effective modallty in depicting anomalous pulmonary venous con nections.
Angiography ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Cor Triatriatum ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Pulmonary Veins ; Vena Cava, Superior

The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis decreased from 5.1% in 1965 to 1.0% in 1995 in Korea but no statistics about the incidence of urinary tuberculosis have been reported yet. The urinary tuberculosis in childhood is known to be a rare disease because of its long latent period. We report a case of urinary tuberculosis in a 9 year old girl.
Child ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Rare Diseases ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Urinary Tract*

BACKGROUND: This prospective, double-blind randomized study was performed to compare the characteristics of recovery after general anesthesia induced by target-controlled propofol and sevoflurane. METHODS: Sixty, ASA class 1 or 2 female patients scheduled for an elective total abdominal hysterectomy were randomly allocated to two groups of 30; i.e. Propofol or Sevoflurane groups. General anesthesia was induced using propofol plus a fentanyl bolus (1 microgram/kg), and maintained with 66% nitrous oxide and either propofol infusion or sevoflurane inhalation. Anesthetic depth was controlled under bispectral index (BIS) monitoring: propofol and sevoflurane concentrations were adjusted to achieve target BIS values, and were between 40-60 during surgery and 60-70 during the final 15-20 minutes. The two anesthetic agents were discontinued following subcutaneous layer closure. After skin closure, the patients were ventilated manually with 100% oxygen until extubation. Patients were evaluated in terms of level of consciousness and side effects at the end of anesthesia and at 5, 15, 30 and 120 min after anesthesia. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in recovery times. The incidences of side effects were similar in the two groups, though the incidence of postoperative nausea was higher in the sevoflurane group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia has an emergence similar to that of propofol, except for a higher incidence of postoperative nausea.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Anesthetics ; Consciousness ; Female ; Fentanyl ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Incidence ; Inhalation ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Propofol* ; Prospective Studies ; Skin

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to evaluate the effects of a ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) on intraoperative ventilation and blood pressure, and postoperative sore throat in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). METHODS: Sixty, ASA 1 or 2 adults scheduled for elective LC were randomly allocated into two groups; i.e., endotracheal tube (ETT) or PLMA groups. General anesthesia was administered in the usual fashion. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured before and after the induction of anesthesia. Blood pressure, heart rate, peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) and end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) also were measured before and after intraabdominal CO2 insufflation (pneumoperitoneum) at 5 minutes intervals over 30 minutes. Sore throat, nausea and vomiting were evaluated at 6 and 24 hours postoperatively. RESULTS: Blood pressure and heart rate were higher in the ETT group than in the PLMA group after induction (P < 0.05), however, no differences were observed during pneumoperitoneum. Following the induction of pneumoperitoneum, ETCO2 increased significantly, but without the group differences. PIP was less increased in the PLMA group. No significant differences were observed in incidences of postoperative sore throat, nausea or vomiting in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that PLMA is a useful alternative to ETT in LC. Furthermore, PLMA seems to be more useful for hypertensive patients.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Blood Pressure* ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Incidence ; Insufflation ; Laryngeal Masks* ; Nausea ; Pharyngitis* ; Pneumoperitoneum ; Ventilation* ; Vomiting