No abstract available.
Coronary Circulation* ; Heart* ; Rats, Inbred SHR*

BACKGROUND: Myocardial ischemia in human hypertension and in various animal models of hypertension may be due to abnormal maximal coronary vasodilator reserve and disturbaces of coronary vasomotion. The vascular reactivity defects in hypertension have been associated with the defective endothelium and sympathetic neural activation. However, such abnormalities in hypertension need to be elucidated. In the present study the effectsof cardiac ischemia reperfusion on coronary circulation, intramyocytic adenylates and purine nucleosides were examined in Langendorff-perfused Sprague Dawley rat (SD) and spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) hearts. Coronary venous and cardiac lactate and cardiac pyruvate were also measured. It should be noted that in the regulation of coronary flow the intrinsic flow autoregulation is highly variable due to coexisting metabolic flow control, and that natural coronary flow and cardiomyocytic energy state are normally reciprocally related in perfused heart. METHODS: For the Langendorff heart perfusion, bicarbonate perfusion buffer (pH 7.40+/-0.02,37degrees C) was equilibrated with 95% O2 : 5% CO2 and contained 5mM glucose (+5U/1 insulin) and 2mM pyruvate as energy-yielding substrates. Global hypoperfusion ischemia was induced by lowering coronary perfusion pressure of 100 to 40 cmH2O, followed by 20 min reperfusion. RESULTS: During the ischemia and reperfusion, metabolic acidosis and enhanced venous lactate output in SHR were observed with increases in coronary vascular resistance and myocardial oxygen consumption.In addition, coronary reactive hyperemia during reperfusion was depressed. Although ischemia-induced increase in combined adenosine plus inosine were abolished during prolonged reperfusion, SD still exhibited coronary vasodilation. The depressed reactive hyperemia in SHR was associated with decreases in cardiac adenosine triphosphate (ATP) pool and creatine phosphate/inorganic phosphate (CrP/Pi) ratio and an increase in cardiac lactate/pyruvate ratio. CONCLUSION: This abnormal vascular reactivity during ischemia and reperfusion in SHR may be in part due to an alteration in the cardiac energy state and hence to a mismatch between myocardial metabolic demand and supply.
Acidosis ; Adenosine ; Adenosine Triphosphate ; Animals ; Coronary Circulation ; Creatine ; Endothelium ; Glucose ; Heart* ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Hypertension ; Inosine ; Ischemia ; Lactic Acid ; Models, Animal ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Oxygen ; Perfusion* ; Purine Nucleosides ; Pyruvic Acid ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR* ; Reperfusion ; Vascular Resistance ; Vasodilation

This study was conducted to analyze the relations among nutritional knowledge, nutritional attitude eating practice and total nutritional diagnosis and also to find the influencing factors of them. The survey was done during the period from April 1990 to June 1990 and the target population were Ewha Woman's University students (freshmen and senior) of whom 1,354 peoples were surveyed. The summarized results are as follows ; 1. For the learning environment, the percentage of completion on nutritional knowledge course was 28.6% and among them the department of foods and nutrition had the highest score(100.0%) and the next was dept. of medicine(53.4%). 2. To find the relation which the nutritional knowledge, nutritional attitude, eating practice and the total nutritional diagnosis influence on one another, the multiple correlation analysis was done. The attitude the practice were highly correlated with total nutritional diagnosis, but the correlation between nutritional knowledge and total nutritional diagnosis was not significant. The correlation between the practice and nutritional knowledge which were positively and significantly correlated with attitude respectively was positive but not significant. 3. The difference which were analyzed by department, grade and completion on knowledge course on the nutritional knowledge, attitude, eating practice were significant (p<0.01) by ANOVA. 4. The significant variables on nutritional diagnosis are the eating practice points, the grade, the knowledge course, the breakfast and the attitude (r2=10.3%) by multiple regression analysis. This study has the limitation that it did not consider the environmental factors of dietary life such as dietary culture, family environment, cultural habit. Therefore important points of these dietary studies are to extend to the practical nutritional education and dietary improvement for the national health not restricted to the local area or local population.
Attitude ; Breakfast ; Diagnosis ; Eating* ; Education ; Female ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Learning

BACKGROUND: A rehabilitation hospital has the characteristics of longer hospital stay, a variety of medical and paramedical personnels involved in treatment, and more probability of the primary care giver being a nonmedical person. The purpose of this study is to describe the characteristics of nosocomial infection in a rehabilitation hospitals METHODS: Surveillance was done in a rehabilitation hospital affiliated university hospital from June to August 1996, May to June 1997, and July to September 1999. Nosocomial infection was investigated by an infection control practitioner (JCP) according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s definitions visiting the rehabilitation wards regularly. RESULTS: The overall NI rates were 3.83 in 1996, 4.42 in 1997 and 1.91 in 1999 per 1,000 patient days, and the urinary tract infection (UTI) rates were 2.82 in 1996, 2.87 in 1997 and 1.07 in 1999 per 1,000 patient days. Both of overall NI rate and UTI rate in 1999 decreased significantly compared with that in 1996 and 1997 (P<0.001). Comparing the ward specific NI rate, the average NI rate of the spinal cord injury ward was the highest (5.67 per 1,000 patient days) and that of the pediatric rehabilitation ward was the lowest (0.83 per 1,000 patient days). UTI constituted of the largest proportion of NIs. The distribution of UTI showed a decreasing tendency from 73.47% in 1996 to 56.00% in 1999, but the distribution of gastrointestinal infection showed an increasing tendency from 4.08% and 5.40% in 1997 and 1996 to 24.00% in 1999. The commonly isolated organisms were E. coli (33.63%), Enterococcus spp. (12.73%) and C. difficile (7.27%). It reflected that the main infection was UTI. CONCLUSION: The main NI in rehabilitation hospital was the UTI. It means that the infection control program of rehabilitation hospital should be focused on the control of UTI. Surveillance in the rehabilitation hospital enabled us to describe the characteristics of nosocomial infection in the rehabilitation hospital. NI rate was decreased through continuous communications and educations with factual datum and involvement of various medical and paramedical personnels. These results show that NI surveillance is crucial for an efficient infection control program.
Allied Health Personnel ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Cross Infection* ; Enterococcus ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Infection Control Practitioners ; Length of Stay ; Primary Health Care ; Rehabilitation* ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Urinary Tract Infections

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to obtain the accurate information on the obesity indices, such as body mass index(BMI), relative weight and waist-hip ratio(WHR) and to investigate their relationship in order to assess the childhood and adolescent obesity more appropriately. METHODS: In May, 1995, a total of 6943(male; 3469, female; 3474) students from primary, middle and high schools in Seoul were selected and each students height, weight, waist and hip circumference data were collected. RESULTS: The BMI increased with age in both sexes. From age 12 to 16, values of BMI 50th percentiles for females exceeded those for males. And the BMI 95th percentiles at the age of 13 to 14 years were higher for females than for males. The prevalence of obesity by relative weight was higher in males than in females(male ; 17.9%, female ; 13.1%). The WHR was higher in males than females in all age group and decreased with age in both sexes, showing more sharp reduction in females. Strong correlations were observed between the BMI and the relative weight, and the BMI and the relative weight correlated closely with WHR. The WHR was significanly higher in obese group' than in non-obese group. In the female obese group aged 6 to 11 years, no significant correlation was found between the relative weight and the WHR. CONCLUSIONS: There were significant relationships between the indices of obesity and body fat distribution. This study suggests that WHR as well as BMI and relative weight might be useful in assessing the childhood and adolescent obesity.
Adolescent* ; Body Fat Distribution ; Body Mass Index* ; Child* ; Female ; Hip ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; Pediatric Obesity ; Prevalence ; Seoul* ; Waist-Hip Ratio*

PURPOSE: In this study, the effects of meridian massage and hand massage on the affected upper extremity of patients with a stroke were identified. METHOD: A nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design was used. Participants were 84 (Experimental. 1: 28, Experimental. 2: 28, Control.: 28) patients with a stroke who were hospitalized in K oriental medical center. Experimental treatment for patients in experimental group 1 was the meridian massage for 10 minutes daily for 2 weeks, and for those in experimental group 2, hand massage for 2 minutes, 30 seconds each, daily for 2 weeks. Outcome variables were upper extremity function (grip power, shoulder pain, edema, ROM), ADL, and depression. Data were analyzed using SPSS PC+ version. RESULTS: The score for upper extremity functions and ADL were significantly higher in experimental group 1 who had meridian massage than for experimental group 2 or the control group. Experimental group 1 showed less depression than experimental 2 or the control group. CONCLUSION: Meridian massage can be an effective nursing intervention to improve upper extremity function and ADL, and to decrease depression in patients stroke who have had a stroke.
Activities of Daily Living ; Depression ; Edema ; Hand* ; Humans ; Massage* ; Meridians ; Nursing ; Shoulder Pain ; Stroke* ; Upper Extremity*

No abstract available.
Myocardial Stunning*

OBJECTIVE: In order to confirm the local production of total and specific IgE antibodies in the nasal polyp tissues. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We measured total IgE and house dust mite(Dermatophagoides pteronpssinus .' DP)-specific IgE antibody using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in the supernatant of nasal polyp homogenates from 72 subjects undergoing nasal polypectomy. The subjects were divided into three groups according to skin reactivity to DP: 20 strongly atopic subjects to group I(mean wheal diameter) 3mm), 19 weakly atopic subjects to group II (mean wheal diameter 1-3mm) and 33 negative skin responders to group III. RESULT: Group I showed significantly higher levels of total and DP-specific IgE levels in the nasa
Antibodies ; Dust* ; Immunoglobulin E* ; Nasal Polyps* ; Pyroglyphidae* ; Skin ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration

No abstract available.

No Abstract Available.
Churg-Strauss Syndrome*