PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare the postural habits, body image, and peer attachment of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and healthy adolescents, and to examine the correlation between body image and peer attachment in each group. METHODS: Eighty-three adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and 83 healthy adolescents were recruited from 4 middle schools located in W city. Data were collected from November 22 to December 6 2010 using a structured questionnaire including items about postural habits, body image, and peer attachment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi2-test, independent t-test and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. RESULTS: Compared to healthy adolescents, adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis were more likely to use one hand, to lean back while seated, and to put weight on one leg while standing. The score for body image was significantly lower for adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis compared to healthy adolescents, but peer attachment was not significantly different between the two groups. Body image was significantly correlated with peer attachment only for the adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. CONCLUSION: Interventions to promote balanced postural habits in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis are needed. Information on body image and peer attachment for these adolescents should also be considered when developing interventions.
Adolescent ; Body Image ; Hand ; Humans ; Leg ; Posture ; Scoliosis ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Aprotinin, a serine protease inhibitor, has an anti-inflammatory and hemostatic effect and has been used to reduce perioperative blood loss and lung injury after cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac surgery. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which results in clinical manifestations due to non-cardiogenic permeability edema is a fatal condition associated with a mortality rate of 50 to 80%. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of aprotinin on acute lung injury induced by bacterial endotoxin in rabbits. METHODS: Nineteen rabbits were anesthetized with intravenous xylazine, Ketamine and vecuronium and ventilated with a Harvard apparatus maintaining normocapnea. In 7 rabbits, 2 mg/Kg of lipopolysaccharide from E. coli was infused intravenously for 30 min (Toxin group) and in another 7 rabbits aprotonin loading with 200,000 KIU/Kg followed by a continuous infusion of 50,000 KIU/Kg/hr was performed 30 min before the endotoxin infusion throughout the experiment (Aprotinin group). At 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after endotoxin infusion, arterial blood gas, blood cell count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, and hemodynamic profiles were checKed. At four hours, the animals were dissected at which time the lungs were divided into three regions for wet/dry weight ratio (WW/DW), myeloperoxidase activity and microscopic examination. RESULTS: In the Aprotinin group, pulmonary vascular resistance, arterial oxygen partial pressure and coagulation function were well preserved compared with the Toxin group. Furthermore, lung WW/DW, myeloperoxidase activity, and inflammatory responses also increased less in the Aprotinin group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the current data showed that aprotinin has prophylactic effects against acute lung injury and coagulation impairment induced by bacterial endotoxin in rabbits.
Acute Lung Injury* ; Animals ; Aprotinin* ; Blood Cell Count ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Edema ; Fibrinogen ; Hemodynamics ; Ketamine ; Lung ; Lung Injury ; Mortality ; Oxygen ; Partial Pressure ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Permeability ; Peroxidase ; Prothrombin Time ; Rabbits* ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; Serine Proteases ; Thoracic Surgery ; Vascular Resistance ; Vecuronium Bromide ; Xylazine

Cecal volvulus is uncommon in pediatric patients and there are few reports of cecal volvulus with cerebral palsy. Here, we report the case of a 19-year-old male patient who presented with abdominal distension, a history of cerebral palsy, refractory epilepsy due to lissencephaly, and chronic constipation. An abdominal x-ray and computed tomography without contrast enhancement showed fixed dilated bowel intensity in the right lower abdomen. Despite decompression with gastric and rectal tube insertion, symptoms did not improve. The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy that revealed cecal volvulus. Cecal volvulus usually occurs following intestinal malrotation or previous surgery. In this patient, however, intestinal distension accompanying mental disability and chronic constipation resulted in the development of cecal volvulus. We suggest that cecal and proximal large bowel volvulus should be considered in patients presenting with progressive abdominal distension combined with a history of neuro-developmental delay and constipation.
Abdomen ; Cecum ; Cerebral Palsy ; Constipation ; Decompression ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Intestinal Volvulus ; Laparotomy ; Lissencephaly ; Male

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare self-esteem, perceived life satisfaction, depression and aggression according to the experience of suicidal impulse in adolescents. METHODS: Data were collected from 249 middle and high school students in J city. The constructed questionnaires included items on self-esteem, perceived life satisfaction, depression and aggression. RESULTS: Self-esteem, perceive life satisfaction, depression, and aggression differed significantly between the suicidal impulse group and non-suicidal impulse group. The suicidal impulse group experienced lower self-esteem (OR=3.27), higher depression (OR=12.38) and higher aggression (OR=5.72) than the non-suicidal impulse group. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that integrated and effective interventions are needed to prevent suicidal attempts by adolescents who had experiences of suicidal impulse. Information on the cognitive, psychological and social characteristics of adolescents must be considered when developing the interventions.
Adolescent ; Aggression ; Depression ; Humans ; Sociology ; Suicide ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

In order to explore the existence and distribution of phospholipase (PLC) isozymes in the rat retina, immunohistochemical staining was applied using monoclonal antibodies against PLC isozymes (PLC beta; K92, PLC gamma; D7, F7, PLC delta; R32, S11). For immunohistochemical detection, avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method was performed on frozed tissue sections of rat retina. Our study showed that PLC isozymes have particular distributional patterns in the retina. Namely, PLC beta is broadly distributed in the outer and inner segments of photoreceptor cell layer, nuclear layer and ganglion cell layer. PLC gamma is mainly appeared in the nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer. PLC delta is confined only in the ganglion cell layer. These results clearly demonstrate the PLC isozymes may have their own role in the transduction of light pathway in the retina. However, further studies will be required to verify theirs precise role in the photoreception.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Ganglion Cysts ; Immunohistochemistry ; Isoenzymes* ; Nerve Fibers ; Peroxidase ; Phospholipase C beta ; Phospholipases* ; Photoreceptor Cells ; Rats* ; Retina* ; Type C Phospholipases*

In order to explore the existence and distribution of phospholipase (PLC) isozymes in the rat retina, immunohistochemical staining was applied using monoclonal antibodies against PLC isozymes (PLC beta; K92, PLC gamma; D7, F7, PLC delta; R32, S11). For immunohistochemical detection, avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method was performed on frozed tissue sections of rat retina. Our study showed that PLC isozymes have particular distributional patterns in the retina. Namely, PLC beta is broadly distributed in the outer and inner segments of photoreceptor cell layer, nuclear layer and ganglion cell layer. PLC gamma is mainly appeared in the nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer. PLC delta is confined only in the ganglion cell layer. These results clearly demonstrate the PLC isozymes may have their own role in the transduction of light pathway in the retina. However, further studies will be required to verify theirs precise role in the photoreception.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Ganglion Cysts ; Immunohistochemistry ; Isoenzymes* ; Nerve Fibers ; Peroxidase ; Phospholipase C beta ; Phospholipases* ; Photoreceptor Cells ; Rats* ; Retina* ; Type C Phospholipases*

In recent years, eating habit that is not right causes disease the dietary fiber (DF) intakes of Korean decreases. Occurrence of chronic disease such as constipation increased gradually. This study was performed to investigate of high fiber standard recipes for one day including major source of DF such as vegetables, cereals and grain products, seaweeds, fruits, fungi and mushrooms, and legumes and products for improving constipation through dietary treatment. Nutrient analysis per person marked energy, protein, fat and DF content. The food of high I : S ratio (Insoluble fibers: Soluble fibers) are soybean sprout salad, rice gruel with vegetables, pan fried mushroom with vegetables. The food of low I:S ratio are fermented soybean paste stew, fried rice with kimchi, fruits salad with yogurt dressing and seasoned noodle with vegetables. The representative high fiber diet menu is rice gruel with vegetable, rice with radish and oyster, fermented soybean paste stew, kimchi stew, assorted soybean sprout salad, three kinds of pancake roll, pan fried mushroom with vegetables, fruits salad with yogurt dressing and seasoned noodle with vegetables. The menu developed in this study, contains fiber of at least 8.97 times of RDA and in point view of 1 day intake, that is similar to the scope of RDA, 20-25 g per day. This findings should be appliable to nutritional education and medical food for constipation. And also, the aim of study is constipation patients easily applicate that developed the food of high fiber using Korean common food. And the result of the study will be the basic data about clinical test of food developed in this study and the danger of high fiber diet. The representative high fiber diet menu is rice gruel with vegetable, rice with radish and oyster, fermented soybean paste stew, kimchi stew, assorted soybean sprout salad, three kinds of pancake roll, pan fried mushroom with vegetables, fruits salad with yoghurt dressing and seasoned noodle with vegetables. This findings should be applicable to nutritional education and medical food for constipation.
Agaricales ; Bandages ; Edible Grain ; Chronic Disease ; Constipation* ; Diet ; Dietary Fiber ; Eating ; Education ; Fabaceae ; Fruit ; Fungi ; Humans ; Ostreidae ; Raphanus ; Seasons ; Soybeans ; Vegetables ; Yogurt

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the lifestyles of food habits of college students relate to constipation. The results were as follows : 1) All the total respondents were 541 college students. 220 (40.8%) respondents were male and 321 (59.2%) respondents were female. Based on their BMIs, 55.5% of the female respondents were under-weight (BMI < 20), 16.8% of the male respondents were under-weight, as well. These results point out the fact that a high percentage of female college students are under-weight, compared to male of students. 2) Of the respondents, 59.0% reported having 1 or 2 meals per day, but their eating patterns were irregular. Of the respondents, 71.2% preferred white rice with their meals. Of the respondents, 51.2% reported that they skipped breakfast. The main reasons why these respondents skipped breakfast were either that they were in a busy (44.7%), or it was their habit (38.4%). The response that their meals were nutritionally balanced was 34.6%, and the student who thought that their own meal pattern was healthful was 8.0%. 3) This research also focused on body image among female college students, and the results indicate that the majority of female respondents (62.5%) felt that they were overweight (very fatty or fatty) and 90.1% of the female respondents indicated they were interested in dieting (interest or very interest). Most of the students were involved in light or medium activity (94.2%) or no exercise (75.6%). The ratio of those who exercised was everyday only 33.6%. 4) Of the respondents, 48.7% reported that they had difficulty evacuating (every time very difficult, every time difficult and sometimes difficult) and 50.3% of the students reported that their bowel movements were irregular. 5) Of the females, 8.2% and Of the males, 0.5% were regarded as constipated. 6) The life habit factors that influenced constipation were skipping breakfast, the amount of water intake and exercise.
Body Image ; Breakfast ; Constipation* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Diet ; Drinking ; Eating ; Female ; Food Habits* ; Humans ; Life Style* ; Male ; Meals ; Overweight ; Seoul*

Objective: Agitation is a common symptom in children undergoing surgery, especially when surgeries are performed under sevoflurane and when patients undergo strabismus surgery. Because agitation can increase the risk of falls and lacerations on surgical sites and can delay discharge from the recovery room, adopting measures to reduce the incidence of agitation is essential. This study aimed to compare the agitation-reducing effects of lidocaine and esmolol administered individually or as a combination. Methods: We included 80 patients scheduled to undergo strabismus surgery. Thiopental and sevoflurane were administered to induce general anesthesia. Group EL received lidocaine (2 mg/kg) right after the end of surgery and esmolol (0.5 mg/kg) immediately after recovery from anesthesia after turning the anesthetic gas off; group L received lidocaine at 2 mg/kg right after the end of surgery and did not receive esmolol, group E did not receive lidocaine at the end of the surgery but received esmolol at 0.5 mg/kg right after recovery from anesthesia, and group C received neither esmolol nor lidocaine. Agitation severity was assessed using the objective pain score, Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale immediately after recovery from anesthesia and until discharge from the recovery room. Results: Groups L and EL showed significantly lower agitation than groups E and C right after recovery from anesthesia, right after arrival to the recovery room, and 10 minutes after arrival to the recovery room (P < 0.05). Groups L and EL showed no differences in the reduction of the severity of agitation (P > 0.05). Conclusion Compared to the groups without lidocaine administration, groups L and EL, which received 2 mg/kg lidocaine, showed a higher level of reduction in agitation immediately after recovery from anesthesia and right after arrival to the recovery room (P < 0.05).

Background: Studies have shown that incident albuminuria is associated with insulin resistance (IR); however, an IR marker that best predicts the prevalence of albuminuria has not yet been established. This study explored the association between IR and incident albuminuria using various IR indices, including the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), metabolic score for IR (METS-IR), and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, and compared their predictive abilities for the prevalence of albuminuria. Methods: A total of 4,982 Korean adults from the 2019 Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey were analyzed. The odds of albuminuria were determined using the quartiles of the IR indices. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to calculate the area under the ROC curve and predictability. The cutoff values for albuminuria detection were also computed. Results: An increase in the quartiles of all three IR indices was associated with incident albuminuria, even after full adjustment for covariates (HOMA-IR: odds ratio [OR], 1.906; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.311–2.772; P=0.006; METS-IR: OR, 2.236; 95% CI, 1.353–3.694; P=0.002; TyG index: OR, 1.757; 95% CI, 1.213–2.544; P=0.003). The area under the ROC curve for incident albuminuria based on the HOMA-IR, METS-IR, and TyG indices was 0.594 (95% CI, 0.568–0.619), 0.633 (95% CI, 0.607–0.659), and 0.631 (95% CI, 0.606–0.656), respectively. The optimal cutoff values for predicting albuminuria were 2.38, 35.38, and 8.72 for the HOMA-IR, METS-IR, and TyG indices, respectively. Conclusion The METS-IR and TyG indices outperformed HOMA-IR in predicting incident albuminuria.