Objective: The modulatory effects of nociceptin/orphanin FQ ( OFQ) on acupuncture ( EA, a odern version of acupuncture)-induced analgesia are still controversial. Transgenic OFQ knock-out mice rovide us a useful tool to investigate the role of endogenous OFQ in EA analgesia. The present tudy aims to investigate the role of OFQ in the EA-induced analgesia with OFQ knock-out mice. ethods; Acupoints were selected as "Zusanli" (ST36) and "Sanyinjiao" (SP6) , EA parameters were as ollows; constant current output, rectangular (square) wave pulses, increased intensities of 0. 5, 0. 7,0. 9 mA with stepwise fashion, 10 min for each intensity, frequency of 100 Hz (with 0. 2 ms as ulse width) or 2 Hz ( with 0. 6 ms as pulse width). Tail flick latency (TFL) evoked by radiant heat was used to evaluate the change of pain threshold before, during and after EA application. Thenock-out mice were divided randomly into 3 groups; needling control, EA at 100 Hz and 2 Hz. ild-type mice of litter-mates of were used as Control. Results: It was found that OFQ knock-out mice had a longer basal ther-mal threshold; EA had enhanced analgesic effect in the knock-out mice than in wild-type Control mice. Conclusion: Endogenous OFQ might be algesic in basal condition and antagonize EA analgesia.

No abstract available.
B-Lymphocytes* ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell*

To study the possibility of attraction magnetic forces to expand maxillary arch, we used 2 big adult dogs, 2 small puppies, 1 small adult dog as experiments, and 1 small adult dog as a control. We measured the intercanine width and intermolar width and histologically observed in the suture and cervical and apex region of teeth and took occlusal X-rays to observe separation of suture line in the maxilla. The results were as follows: 1. Expansion velocities of intercanine (0.25mm/day) and intermolar widths (0.23mm/day) in puppies were faster than those (0.135mm/day, 0.09mm/day) in adults. 2. In all experiments in adults (0.135mm/day) and puppies (0.25mm/day), expansion velocity of intercanine widths were faster than those (0.09mm/day, 0.23mm/day) of intermolar width. 3. In all experiments ectatic changes were observed and cellularities of fibroblast increased in the suture line. Only in adults dogs the separations of palatal suture were observed in the occlusal X-ray view. 4. In the puppies bony deposition was particularly observed in the suture line and micro-bony fragments were often observed. 5. In the all experiments no root resorption was observed in the cervical and root area, but normal root resorption due to eruption of permanent teeth was observed in the puppies.
Adult ; Animals ; Dogs ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Maxilla ; Palatal Expansion Technique* ; Root Resorption ; Sutures ; Tooth

Through a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies on dementia, we assessed the prevalence of dementia and its subtypes-Alzheimer' disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD)-in Korea. We searched for epidemiological studies on dementia published in 1990-2013 using PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, KoreaMed, KISS, and RiCH. Dementia prevalence in elderly patients (aged> or =65 yr) was 9.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.2%-10.4%) from 11 studies, which was higher than those from Western and other Asian countries. AD was the most prevalent dementia type, with a prevalence of 5.7% (95% CI, 5.0%-6.4%) from 10 studies compared with 2.1% (95% CI, 1.6%-2.7%) for VaD from 9 studies. The age-specific prevalence of dementia approximately doubled with each 5.8-yr increase of age. Although a significant increasing trend of dementia prevalence was not observed, it increased slightly from 7.3% to 8.7% after 2005; AD prevalence increased after 1995 and VaD prevalence decreased after the early 2000s. The AD/VaD ratio increased from 1.96 in the early 1990s to 4.13 in the 2010s, similar to the worldwide ratio. Owing to this high prevalence in the aging population, dementia will impose significant economic burdens to Korean society.
Age Factors ; Alzheimer Disease/epidemiology ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Databases, Factual ; Dementia/*epidemiology ; Dementia, Vascular/epidemiology ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Quality Assurance, Health Care ; Republic of Korea

PURPOSE: The present study explored novel methods in visual field tests that actively induce the gaze of the examinee to the fixation target in the center vision and compared their effectiveness. METHODS: Four gaze induction methods (dot-on, dot-off, number-on, and number-off) were prepared by combining 2 types of fixation targets (dot and number) and 2 conditions of sound presence (on and off). The gaze induction methods were implemented to a PC-based visual field testing system and the 24-2 visual field testing protocol was administered to 14 participants without glaucoma. The performance of the gaze induction method was evaluated in terms of fixation error rate, target detection rate, and subjective satisfaction (7-point scale, 1 for least satisfied and 7 for most satisfied). RESULTS: The fixation error rates of dot-on (5.7%) and number-on (6.4%) were relatively lower than the other methods; the target detection rates of the induction methods were very high (95-96%) without significant differences, and the subjective satisfaction levels of dot-on (5.7) and number-on (5.4) were significantly higher than the other methods. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study we determined number-on as the preferred effective gaze induction method compared to the conventional dot-off method when fixation error rates and subjective satisfaction were considered.
Glaucoma ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a benign self-limiting disease characterized by fever and lymphadenitis. The etiology and pathogenesis of KFD is unclear. However, two hypotheses have been suggested: a viral infection hypothesis and an autoimmune hypothesis. Several KFD patients with various types of autoimmune diseases have been reported, and these reports support the hypothesis for autoimmune pathogenesis of KFD. Here, we report the case of a 17-year-old female patient diagnosed with KFD and autoimmune thyroiditis. This case serves as additional evidence that the etiology of KFD is autoimmune origin.
Adolescent ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Female ; Fever ; Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis ; Humans ; Lymphadenitis ; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune

Anti-Ma2-associated encephalitis is one of the paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. It has been shown to be associated with various neoplasms, mainly testicular, lung, and breast cancers. Most patients with anti-Ma2-associated encephalitis present limbic-diencephalic-brainstem dysfunctions such as seizure, mood disorder, excessive daytime sleepiness, and ophthalmoparesis. Some patients develop symptoms indicating the multifocal involvement of the limbic system, diencephalon, or brainstem. However, there are few case studies of anti-Ma2-associated encephalitis presenting as isolated hypersomnia. We report a case of anti-Ma2-associated encephalitis presenting as hypersomnia.
Brain Stem ; Breast ; Diencephalon ; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence* ; Encephalitis* ; Humans ; Limbic System ; Lung ; Mood Disorders ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes ; Seizures

No abstract available.
Female ; Indomethacin* ; Obstetric Labor, Premature* ; Pregnancy ; Ritodrine*

PURPOSE: When combined with surgery, neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) has not demonstrated a significant benefit for meaningful clinical endpoints such as progression-free survival or overall survival. We evaluated the effect of NHT on prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1995 to 2004, 519 patients underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy(RRP). One-hundred thirty of them were included in this retrospective case-control study and they were assessed for age, the preoperative prostate-specific antigen(PSA) level, the clinical stage and the biopsy Gleason score(GS). The subjects were divided into two groups: the RRP only group(n=65) and the NHT group(n=65), and these were matched for the 3 above mentioned parameters. The protocols for NHT were maximal androgen blockade(n=40), antiandrogen only(n=8), and LHRH analogue only(n=17). Biochemical recurrence was defined as a level of serum PSA of 0.2ng/ml or greater on 2 consecutive evaluations. RESULTS: The mean age of the RRP only group and the NHT group was 64.2 and 63.5, respectively(p>0.05). The rates of a positive surgical margin and biochemical recurrence in the NHT group were 49.2% and 42.5%, respectively, and they were 46.2% and 46.2%, respectively, in RRP only group, and there was no statistical difference between the two groups. In high risk patients(clinical stage> or =T3, biopsy GS> or =8, serum PSA>20ng/ml), NHT group was not differences compared with the RRP group. Neither the duration (3 months vs. 6 months) of NHT nor the regimens of NHT improved the clinical and surgical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: NHT did not improve biochemical recurrence and the positive surgical margin.
Biopsy ; Case-Control Studies ; Disease-Free Survival ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Humans ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Recurrence* ; Retrospective Studies

A 36-year-old previously healthy woman developed diplopia and right-sided ptosis. Neurological examinations were normal except for palsy in the right third cranial nerve with pupil involvement. CT and MRI revealed a cavernous hemangioma with recent bleeding in the right midbrain. This case indicates that midbrain cavernous hemangioma can be a rare cause of isolated pupil involving palsy of the third cranial nerve.
Adult ; Caves ; Diplopia ; Female ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Mesencephalon ; Neurologic Examination ; Oculomotor Nerve ; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases ; Paralysis ; Pupil