No abstract available.
Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic*

No abstract available.
Cesarean Section* ; Cicatrix* ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Dermatitis, Contact*

BACKGROUND: For pediatric anesthesia we frequently use rocuronium bromide, which is often associated with a localized withdrawal of the arm or generalized movements, that may cause harm to the patient. Lidocaine is said to be one of the better agents and reduce the incidence of movement associated with rocuronium injection in adults. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects on movement associated with rocuronium injection according to the method of lidocaine administration in children. METHODS: Two hundreds and four pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia were randomly assigned to one of six groups (each group n = 34). Fifty seconds after the injection of thiopental sodium 5 mg/kg, the SM group was given mixture of rocuronium bromide 0.6 mg/kg and normal saline 0.05 ml/kg (same amount of 2% lidocaine 1 mg/kg) for 5-10 seconds. The LM 1.0 and LM 2.0 groups were given a mixture of rocuronium bromide 0.6 mg/kg and 2% lidocaine 1 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg, respectively. The LS 1.0, LS 1.5 and the LS 2.0 groups were given 2% lidocaine 1.0 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg, and 2.0 mg/kg respectively, 50 seconds after the injection of thiopental sodium, and rocuronium was given 5 seconds after the administration of lidocaine. Withdrawal movements after the injection of rocuronium were investigated. RESULTS: All of the SM group showed withdrawal movement and the LM 2.0, LS 1.0, LS 1.5, and LS 2.0 groups showed less withdrawal movement than the SM group. And the LS 1.0, LS 1.5, and LS 2.0 groups showed less movement than the LM 1.0 group. LS 2.0 group showed less withdrawal movement than LM 2.0 group. CONCLUSIONS: The sequential administration of lidocaine and rocuronium produced a better result than the administration of a mixture in terms of reducing withdrawal movement on rocuronium injection.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Arm ; Child* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lidocaine* ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Thiopental

BACKGROUND: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis are one among the most common causes of death in intensive care units. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) increase during SIRS and sepsis. Recent studies have demonstrated that amnion derived stem cells have anti-inflammatory effects, low immunogenicity and pluripotency. In addition, there is little ethical objection to the use of amnion derived stem cells. Here, the author presents the first study demonstrating the therapeutic potential for the use of amnion derived stem cells in a rat model of SIRS and sepsis. METHODS: Amnion derived stem cells were isolated from amnion obtained from an uncomplicated Cesarean section and cultured. SIRS and sepsis were induced in rats by lipopolysacchride (15 mg/kg, LPS), and amnion derived stem cells were then transplanted intravenously. The heart rate, mean arterial pressure and the concentration of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 were assessed at baseline and 2 hours and 4 hours after procedure. RESULTS: The changes of heart rate and mean arterial pressure were reduced in the amnion derived stem cells transplanted group. In addition, increases in the plasma concentration of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 were attenuated in the amnion derived stem cells transplanted group. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that amnion derived stem cells attenuate inflammatory response during SIRS and sepsis. Transplantation of amnion derived stem cells can be a novel cell based therapeutic strategy for SIRS and sepsis.
Amnion ; Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Cause of Death ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Intensive Care Units ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-6 ; Plasma ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Sepsis ; Stem Cells ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ; Transplants ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

PURPOSE: The effect of breastfeeding on the development of allergic disease has been assessed in many studies but remains controversial. Thus, we evaluated the prevalence of allergic disease and its association with breastfeeding among preschool children. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted in 604 kindergarten children from 5 different kindergartens in Seoul between May and June, 2004. Parents or guardians were asked to answer the duration of breast-feeding and the time of weaning diet. RESULTS: For the question, "Have you been treated for allergic disease during the past 12 months?" showed 4.5% of in asthma, 11.3% and 19.0% were in allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis, respectively. Exclusive breast-feeding for the first 4 months was noted in 21.8% of the children, compared with 55%, partial breast-feeding or only formula milk feeding in 23.2%. The prevalence of wheezing during the past 12 months was significantly lower in children with prolonged breast-feeding than in those with short-term breast feeding infants. There was a significant reduction in risk for atopic dermatitis in breastfeeding compared with formula milk feeding. CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding seems to have a preventive effect on the development of atopic dermatitis. The risk for wheezing, during the past 12 months was higher for in children with formula milk feeding.
Aged ; Asthma ; Breast Feeding ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Humans ; Infant ; Milk ; Parents ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Respiratory Sounds ; Rhinitis ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; Weaning

PURPOSE: The effect of breastfeeding on the development of allergic disease has been assessed in many studies but remains controversial. Thus, we evaluated the prevalence of allergic disease and its association with breastfeeding among preschool children. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted in 604 kindergarten children from 5 different kindergartens in Seoul between May and June, 2004. Parents or guardians were asked to answer the duration of breast-feeding and the time of weaning diet. RESULTS: For the question, "Have you been treated for allergic disease during the past 12 months?" showed 4.5% of in asthma, 11.3% and 19.0% were in allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis, respectively. Exclusive breast-feeding for the first 4 months was noted in 21.8% of the children, compared with 55%, partial breast-feeding or only formula milk feeding in 23.2%. The prevalence of wheezing during the past 12 months was significantly lower in children with prolonged breast-feeding than in those with short-term breast feeding infants. There was a significant reduction in risk for atopic dermatitis in breastfeeding compared with formula milk feeding. CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding seems to have a preventive effect on the development of atopic dermatitis. The risk for wheezing, during the past 12 months was higher for in children with formula milk feeding.
Aged ; Asthma ; Breast Feeding ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Humans ; Infant ; Milk ; Parents ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Respiratory Sounds ; Rhinitis ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; Weaning

OBJECTIVE: Panic disorder has been suggested to be divided into the respiratory and non-respiratory subtypes in terms of its clinical presentations. The present study aimed to investigate whether there are any differences in treatment response and clinical characteristics between the respiratory and non-respiratory subtypes of panic disorder patients. METHODS: Among the 48 patients those who completed the study, 25 panic disorder patients were classified as the respiratory subtype, whereas 23 panic disorder patients were classified as the non-respiratory subtype. All patients were treated with escitalopram or paroxetine for 12 weeks. We measured clinical and psychological characteristics before and after pharmacotherapy using the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS), Albany Panic and Phobic Questionnaire (APPQ), Anxiety Sensitivity Index-Revised (ASI-R), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T, STAI-S), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). RESULTS: The prevalence of the agoraphobia was significantly higher in the respiratory group than the non-respiratory group although there were no differences in gender and medication between the two groups. The respiratory group showed higher scores on the fear of respiratory symptoms of the ASI-R. In addition, after pharmacotherapy, the respiratory group showed more improvement in panic symptoms than the non-respiratory group. CONCLUSION: Panic disorder patients with the respiratory subtype showed more severe clinical presentations, but a greater treatment response to SSRIs than those with non-respiratory subtype. Thus, classification of panic disorder patients as respiratory and non-respiratory subtypes may be useful to predict clinical course and treatment response to SSRIs.
Agoraphobia ; Anxiety ; Citalopram ; Classification ; Depression ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Panic ; Panic Disorder* ; Paroxetine ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors ; Treatment Outcome

Purpose: To evaluate long-term visual prognosis and changes in the retinal microstructure in patients with macular telangiectasia type 2. Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records were performed for 61 eyes (32 patients) diagnosed with macular telangiectasia type 2. The visual acuity at diagnosis was compared with that at the final visit. In addition, cases were classified into three grades based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings: grade 1, inner retinal cavities only; grade 2, outer retinal cavities with ellipsoid zone disruption; and grade 3, ellipsoid zone disruption with proliferation of retinal pigment epithelium. Change in the grade during the follow-up was verified. In addition, visual acuities were compared between eyes with and without a change in grade. Results: The mean follow-up period was 41.5 ± 33.2 months. Visual acuity had deteriorated significantly from the mean logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution 0.23 ± 0.26 at diagnosis to a mean of 0.31 ± 0.31 at the final visit (p < 0.001). When classified using OCT, 65.6%, 22.9%, and 11.5% were grades 1, 2, and 3, respectively, at diagnosis and 47.5%, 36.1%, and 16.4% at the final visit. Progression of grade was noted in 22.9%. A higher degree of visual deterioration was noted in eyes showing progression than in eyes without (p = 0.002). Conclusions During the long-term follow-up period, visual deterioration was noted in patients with macular telangiectasia type 2. However, the degree of deterioration was not high. Progression in the disruption of the retinal microstructure was the likely cause of visual deterioration.

Purpose: To evaluate long-term visual prognosis and changes in the retinal microstructure in patients with macular telangiectasia type 2. Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records were performed for 61 eyes (32 patients) diagnosed with macular telangiectasia type 2. The visual acuity at diagnosis was compared with that at the final visit. In addition, cases were classified into three grades based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings: grade 1, inner retinal cavities only; grade 2, outer retinal cavities with ellipsoid zone disruption; and grade 3, ellipsoid zone disruption with proliferation of retinal pigment epithelium. Change in the grade during the follow-up was verified. In addition, visual acuities were compared between eyes with and without a change in grade. Results: The mean follow-up period was 41.5 ± 33.2 months. Visual acuity had deteriorated significantly from the mean logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution 0.23 ± 0.26 at diagnosis to a mean of 0.31 ± 0.31 at the final visit (p < 0.001). When classified using OCT, 65.6%, 22.9%, and 11.5% were grades 1, 2, and 3, respectively, at diagnosis and 47.5%, 36.1%, and 16.4% at the final visit. Progression of grade was noted in 22.9%. A higher degree of visual deterioration was noted in eyes showing progression than in eyes without (p = 0.002). Conclusions During the long-term follow-up period, visual deterioration was noted in patients with macular telangiectasia type 2. However, the degree of deterioration was not high. Progression in the disruption of the retinal microstructure was the likely cause of visual deterioration.