No abstract available.
Uterine Prolapse*

Perigraft seroma is uncommon complication of polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) grafts applied as an arteriovenous shunt for hemodialysis. It is a collection of clear, sterile fluid confined to nonsecretory fibrous pseudomembrane, most commonly localized around the middle and distal portion of graft. The possible etiologic factors of perigraft seroma include poor graft incorporation, mechanical graft damage caused by alcohol and povidone-iodine, intraoperative streching of the graft, variations in quality control at the time of manufacture and contributing factors such as anemia and coagulopathy in uremia. The best strategy for management of perigraft seroma is not clear. spiration or drainage alone is not effective, and some authors advocate graft removal. We report a case of perigraft seroma around arterial end of PTFE graft along with a brief review of the literatures.
Anemia ; Drainage ; Humans ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Povidone-Iodine ; Quality Control ; Renal Dialysis* ; Seroma* ; Transplants ; Uremia

Gastritis cystica superficialis (GCS) is a rare lesion which is characterized by glandular hyperplasia with regeneration and degeneration in the mucosa and muscularis mucosa. Recently, GCS is revealed as precancerous lesion, but most report has been associated with those found at the site of a gastroenterostomy. So, we report two cases with GCS who had not previous gastric surgery. A 45-year-old woman visited for epigastric discomfort and another 4Q-year-old woman for epigastric pain. They had not undergone any gastric surgery. The gastroscopy discovered one polyp on anterior wall of greater curvature, upper body and another polyp in the center of the fold of greater curvature, lower body. We removed it by snare polypectomy and the histologic finding showed the character of GCS.
Female ; Gastritis* ; Gastroenterostomy ; Gastroscopy ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Middle Aged ; Mucous Membrane ; Polyps ; Regeneration ; SNARE Proteins

BACKGROUND: For pediatric anesthesia we frequently use rocuronium bromide, which is often associated with a localized withdrawal of the arm or generalized movements, that may cause harm to the patient. Lidocaine is said to be one of the better agents and reduce the incidence of movement associated with rocuronium injection in adults. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects on movement associated with rocuronium injection according to the method of lidocaine administration in children. METHODS: Two hundreds and four pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia were randomly assigned to one of six groups (each group n = 34). Fifty seconds after the injection of thiopental sodium 5 mg/kg, the SM group was given mixture of rocuronium bromide 0.6 mg/kg and normal saline 0.05 ml/kg (same amount of 2% lidocaine 1 mg/kg) for 5-10 seconds. The LM 1.0 and LM 2.0 groups were given a mixture of rocuronium bromide 0.6 mg/kg and 2% lidocaine 1 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg, respectively. The LS 1.0, LS 1.5 and the LS 2.0 groups were given 2% lidocaine 1.0 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg, and 2.0 mg/kg respectively, 50 seconds after the injection of thiopental sodium, and rocuronium was given 5 seconds after the administration of lidocaine. Withdrawal movements after the injection of rocuronium were investigated. RESULTS: All of the SM group showed withdrawal movement and the LM 2.0, LS 1.0, LS 1.5, and LS 2.0 groups showed less withdrawal movement than the SM group. And the LS 1.0, LS 1.5, and LS 2.0 groups showed less movement than the LM 1.0 group. LS 2.0 group showed less withdrawal movement than LM 2.0 group. CONCLUSIONS: The sequential administration of lidocaine and rocuronium produced a better result than the administration of a mixture in terms of reducing withdrawal movement on rocuronium injection.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Arm ; Child* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lidocaine* ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Thiopental

PURPOSE: This study was to determine the mediator or moderator role of social support in the relationship between stress and depression among family caregivers of older adults with dementia. METHOD: Sixty nine family caregivers were randomly selected from health care centers in P city and a face-to-face interview was conducted using questionnaires from January to May of 2002. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression using SPSS program. RESULT: Family caregivers of older adults with higher dependency in ADLs and higher problematic behaviors, provided care to the older adults for a longer period of time, and perceived less social support reported higher depression. Social support showed mediating effects between stress and depression, while did not show moderating effects. Elderly dependency on ADLs and caregiving duration decreased perceived social support and decreased social support increased depression. CONCLUSION: To increase family and social support to the caregivers of more functionally impaired elderly, family education to increase emotional support and physical assistance to the caregivers and broader and flexible application of social support such as increasing accessibility to the elderly daycare service with lower price may prove beneficial.

OBJECTIVES: Seoul-Activities of Daily Living(S-ADL) was developed to assess elderly person's basic activities of daily living. This study aims to develop standardized ADL assessment scale and confirm the reliability and validity of the S-ADL. METHODS: It was participated in 336 controls and 145 patients diagnosed Alzheimer's disease. RESULTS: In controls, it was statistically significant to age, but not sex, education, region and presence of spouse. Also, reliability and validity were statistically significant. Principal axis factoring analysis revealed three factors that accounted for 66.67% of the total variance(1.self-care/hygiene, 2.ambulation, 3.toileting). According to each CDR stage, there were significant difference, except for CDR 0.5 and CDR 1 suggesting early dementia. Particularly, it was remarkable for functional impairment in CDR 2 and CDR 3 suggesting moderate to severe dementia. The order of the loss of function was (1) self-care/hygiene, (2) toileting, and (3) ambulation. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that the S-ADL could be a very reliable and valid tool for the assessment of functional disabilities of Korean dementia patients. Particularly, S-ADL would be useful in assessing daily function of moderate to severe AD.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Alzheimer Disease ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Dementia ; Education ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Spouses ; Walking

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) following solid organ transplantation is an important form of post-transplant malignancy. PTLD is typically associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and occurs in the setting of immunosuppression resulting in a deficiency of EBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. PTLD encompasses heterogeneous lymphoproliferative diseases, from polyclonal proliferation resembling infectious mononucleosis to aggressive monomorphic proliferation such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Clinically, PTLD is usually manifested as lymph nodal mass or extranodal mass of solid organs such as liver, transplanted kidney, tonsil, bone marrow or spleen. The authors experienced very rare case of PTLD manifested as a single mass in a native kidney. According to a review of the literature, this is a rare case of PTLD which developed in a native kidney after kidney transplantation. Initially under the impression of renal cell carcinoma, unilateral nephrectomy of the native kidney had performed, and after confirmed as PTLD by histologic diagnosis the patient had treated with reduction of immunosuppressants and chemotheraphy for PTLD, and eventually has got in complete remission.
Bone Marrow ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Infectious Mononucleosis ; Kidney ; Kidney Transplantation ; Liver ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders ; Nephrectomy ; Organ Transplantation ; Palatine Tonsil ; Spleen ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; Transplants

PURPOSE: The characteristics of allergic rhinitis can be different among countries and areas because causative allergens and aggravating factors depend on the living environment. However, there have been few studies on the clinical feature of Korean children with allergic rhinitis, as well as on clinical characteristics in different age groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of Korean children with allergic rhinitis. METHODS: The medical records of children under 12 years of age who had rhinitis symptoms were analyzed in terms of clinical symptoms and positive allergens. Subjects were classified into 2 groups: those with allergic rhinitis (AR group) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR group). Both groups were subdivided into 3 categories: the 1-4 years, 5-8 years, and 9-12 age groups. RESULTS: Among 516 children, 397 (76.94%) belonged to the AR group and 119 (23.06%) belonged to the NAR group. The male to female ratios were 2:1 in both groups. There were significant differences in sneezing and itching between the AR and NAR groups across different age subgroups. There were significant differences in nasal obstruction between the AR and NAR groups in the 9-12 age group. The incidence of AR was 77.8 % in chronic sinusitis patients. Sensitized allergens were house dust mites, animal hair, pollen, and mold in decreasing order in the AR group. Children who were sensitized to animal hair more frequently had sneezing than those who were not. CONCLUSION: Sneezing and itching strongly suggest allergic rhinitis in Korean children. Clinical characteristics of allergic rhinitis in Korean children would helpful in early diagnosis and adequate treatment of disease.
Allergens ; Animals ; Child* ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Fungi ; Hair ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Medical Records ; Nasal Obstruction ; Pollen ; Pruritus ; Pyroglyphidae ; Rhinitis* ; Sinusitis ; Sneezing

BACKGROUND: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are generally attributed to suppression cyclooxygenase enzymes, leading to decreased products of the arachidonic acid cascade. Since the discovery of two isoenzymes of cyclooxygenase, inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 has been suggested to be responsible for therapeutic effects of NSAIDs without side effects. In the present study, to investigate the extent to peripheral nociception and inflammation of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2, diclofenac (non-selective inhibitor), SC-560 (selective cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor) and NS-398 (selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor) are injected intra-articularly on acute arthritic model in rats. METHODS: Arthritis was induced with 2% lamda-carrageenan (suspended in 50microliter normal saline) into the right knee joint cavity under enflurane anesthesia (2-4%). Before and after the injection, rats were allowed to walk freely through a pathway constructed to record weight load by means of 8 weight sensors (strain gauge type) attached to 8 plates which function independently. The weight load, diameter of both knee joints and weight of rat were measured at each test. At 4 hours and 30 minutes, diclofenac, SC-560 and NS-398 dissolved in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide were injected intra-articularly (50microgram/50microliter). RESULTS: The weight loads increased in diclofenac group at 6 and 9 hours and in NS-398 group at 24 and 48 hours after induction of arthritis. The diameter ratio decreased in diclofenac group at 12 hours after induction of arthritis. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that peripheral nociception and inflammation in acute model of arthritis in rats are likely related with both cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 pathways.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Arachidonic Acid ; Arthritis ; Cyclooxygenase 1 ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Diclofenac* ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Enflurane ; Inflammation ; Isoenzymes ; Knee Joint ; Nociception ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Rats*

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the gold-tandard treatment for symptomatic gallbladder diseases. The evaluation and the treatment of common duct pathology is an essential component in the surgical management of biliary tract disease. The purpose of the present study was to identify the value and the importance of laparoscopic cholangiography compared to endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) in a laparoscopic cholecystectomy and to suggest the role of laparoscopic cholangiography in the management of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: A laparoscopic cholecystectomy was attempted in two hundred six consecutive patients treated at Hallym University between January 1993 and December 1996. Patients were divided into three groups: In group I, 167 patients were examined with preoperative ERC while in group II, 17 patients were examined with laparoscopic cholangiography; Group III included 22 patients who were not examined with preoperative ERC or laparoscopic cholangiography. RESULTS: The average age was 52.78 years in group I, 45.62 years in group II, and 49.22 years in group III. The average operative time was 76.88 minutes in group I, 131.47 minutes in group II, and 85.22 minutes in group III. The operative time in group II was longer than that in group I (p<0.001). The duration of postoperative hospitalization was 4.9 days in group I and 4.11 days in group II, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.166). Conversion to an open cholecystectomy was 17/167 (10%) in group I, 1/17 (5%) in group II and 5/22 (22%). No complications or deaths occurred that were due to laparoscopic cholangiography. The postoperative complications in group I/II/III included bile leakage (3/0/2), bleeding in the bed of the gallbladder (5/0/0), wound bleeding (2/1/1), recurrent common duct stones (2/0/0), subcutaneous emphysema (4/1/0), shoulder pain (12/3/0), and wound infections (15/2/1). CONCLUSIONS: Although cholangiography may not be indicated for all patients undergoing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, it will eventually be required. We conclude that laparoscopic cholangiography, as well as ERC, is a good method for evaluating the biliary tree. Laparoscopic cholangiography is clinically useful in patients who have negative ultrasonography and a dilated bile duct. Also, laparoscopic cholangiography has many advantages, especially at a teaching hospital: it outlines the anatomy of the extrahepatic biliary tree, identifies anomalies of surgical importance in time before iatrogenic damage is inflicted, detects stones in the cystic duct, discovers unsuspected stones, and develops experience with the technique. However, it is technically diffult to cannulate cystic duct and extends the operating time.
Bile ; Bile Ducts ; Biliary Tract ; Biliary Tract Diseases ; Cholangiography* ; Cholecystectomy ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Cystic Duct ; Gallbladder ; Gallbladder Diseases ; Hemorrhage ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Operative Time ; Pathology ; Postoperative Complications ; Shoulder Pain ; Subcutaneous Emphysema ; Ultrasonography ; Wound Infection ; Wounds and Injuries