Cyclopia is rare congenital craniofacial anomaly, in which the eyes are fused together and located in a single orbit. It is consistently associated with severe holoprosencephaly, which is the failure of cleavage of the prosencephalon with a deficit in the midline facial development. chromosomal study revealed 47, X( ), +13 (Patau syndrome).
Holoprosencephaly ; Orbit ; Prosencephalon ; Trisomy*

A total of 150women with singleton pregnancies who were delivered between 37 and 42weeks gestation had ultrasound scans on elective cesarean section day. The biparietal diameter(BPD), head circumference(HC), abdominal circumference(AC) and femur length(FL) were measured in all cases. Equations of estimated fetal body weight(BWT) for Korean term fetuses using AC alone, BPD/AC, AC/FL, HC/AC/FL, BPD/AC/FL, BPD/HC/AC/FL were made by stepwise multiple regression analysis and were compared with foreign equations such as Campbell(AC), Shepard(BPD/AC), Hadlock I(AC/FL), Hadlock II(HC/AC/FL), Hadlock III(BPD/AC/FL), and Hadlock IV(BPD/HC/AC/FL). The results were as follows. 1. The equations of BWT by sonographic measurement were Equation1 (AC) logeBWT=6.105936+0.005957X(AC) (R=0.876) Equation2 (BPD,AC)logeBWT=6.53614548+0.00004963X(ACXBPD) (R=0.929) Equation3 (AC,FL) logeBWT=6.25336442+0.00751602X(FL)+0.00005155X(ACXFL) (R=0.950) Equation4(HC,AC,FL) logeBWT=6.39631346+0.00004823X(ACXFL)+0.00002023X(FLXHC) (R=0.953) Equation5(BPD,AC,FL) logeBWT=5.99934074+0.00871394X(BPD)+0.00005132X(ACXFL) (R=0.960) 2. When BPD, AC and FL were measured, the addition of HC didn,t affected to accuracy of EFW 3. The best results of all equations were obtained with our equation 5(Mean error=2.36gm, Mean absolute error=96.39gm, Mean deviation + SD(%)=0.07+0.37) and among foreign equations, the best results were with Hadlock III equation(Mean error=18.35gm, Mean absolute error=107.82gm, Mean deviation + SD(%)=-0.46+0.42) 4. The equations using AC/FL (our equation 3, Hadlock I) are more accurate than those using BPD/AC (our equatione 2, Shepard) when utilizing two parameters. Therefore, equation using AC/FL is recommended when the BPD is unobtainable at term or labor 5. The percentage of cases in which the EFW was within +5% and +200gm of the actual birth weight was highest at our equation 5 for 82% and 89%, Hadlock IV equation for 79%, 88%. 6. Our equations had relatively an equal tendency to under- and overestimate fetal weight, but foreign equations, especially Campbell and Hadlock II equations tended to underestimate. 7. Analysing according to actual birth weight, our all equations gave the most accurate estimates of fetal weigh for birth weight group between 3000-3499gm, but for birth weight group above 3500gm, that was not. At birthweight group above 3500gm, the equations depend on femur length are more accurate than the equations independ on fumr length.
Birth Weight ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Femur ; Fetal Weight* ; Fetus ; Head ; Pregnancy ; Ultrasonography

Ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric (II/IH) nerve injury is one of the most common nerve injuries following pelvic surgery, especially with the Pfannenstiel incision. We present a case of intractable groin pain, successfully treated with a continuous II/IH nerve block. A 33-year-old woman, following emergency cesarean section due to cephalopelvic disproportion, presented numbness in left inguinal area and severe pain on the labia on the second postoperative day. The pain was burning, lancinating, and exacerbated by standing or movement. However, she didn't want to take additional medicine because of breast-feeding. A diagnostic II/IH nerve block produced a substantial decrease in pain. She underwent a continuous II/IH nerve block with a complete resolution of pain within 3 days. A continuous II/IH nerve block might be a goodoption for II/IH neuropathy with intractable groin pain in breast-feeding mothers without adverse drug reactions in their infants.
Adult ; Burns ; Cephalopelvic Disproportion ; Cesarean Section ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Emergencies ; Female ; Groin* ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Infant ; Mothers ; Nerve Block* ; Pregnancy

BACKGROUND: Cellular phone has become a necessary device for communicating in hospitals. Cellular phones contaminated with bacteria may serve as a fomite in the transmission of pathogens by the hands of medical personnel. We investigated the bacterial contamination of cellular phones used by medical personnel in a tertiary hospital. METHODS: Culture swabs were obtained from 101 cellular phones and 99 anterior nasal cavities from medical personnel using cellular phones. The swabs were inoculated on blood agar, MacConkey agar, mannitol salt agar, and enterococcal broths containing 6microgram/mL vancomycin for 48 h at 37degrees C. The bacteria were identified on the basis of colony morphology, gram staining characteristics, catalase test, coagulase test, and DNase test; Microscan (Siemens, USA) was used for the identification of enterococci. RESULTS: Of the 101 cellular phones, 13 were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus (including 4 methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA]), 61 with coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (including 38 methicillin-resistant CoNS), 27 with Micrococcus spp., 11 with diphtheroids, 67 with Bacillus spp., and 4 with viridans streptococci. No gram-negative bacilli were isolated. Nasal swabs yielded 36 S. aureus, including 9 MRSA. Only 1 of 9 cellular phones used by the MRSA carriers was contaminated with MRSA. CONCLUSION: Cellular phones used by some medical personnel were contaminated with pathogens such as S. aureus or MRSA. Although, the clinical implications of pathogens isolated from cellular phones have not been fully investigated, pathogens could be transmitted by the hands of medical personnel who are cellular phone users.
Agar ; Bacillus ; Bacteria ; Catalase ; Cellular Phone ; Coagulase ; Deoxyribonucleases ; Disinfection ; Fomites ; Hand ; Hand Hygiene ; Mannitol ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Micrococcus ; Nasal Cavity ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Vancomycin ; Viridans Streptococci

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of panoramic radiographs for detection of mandibular fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample was comprised of 65 patients (55 fractured, 10 non-fractured) with 92 fracture sites confirmed by multi-detector computed tomography (CT). Panoramic radiographs were evaluated for mandibular fractures by six examiners; two oral & maxillofacial radiologists (observer A&B), two oral & maxillofacial surgeons (observer C&D), and two general dentists (observer E&F). RESULTS: Sensitivity of panoramic radiography for mandibular fractures was 95.7% in observer A&B, 93.5% in observer C&D and 80.4% in observer E&F. The lowest sensitivity was shown in symphyseal/parasymphyseal areas, followed by subcondylar/condylar regions. CONCLUSION: Panoramic radiography is adequate for detection of mandibular fractures. However, additional multidetector CT is recommended to ascertain some indecisive fractures of symphysis and condyle, and in complicated fractures.
Dentists ; Humans ; Mandible ; Mandibular Fractures ; Radiography, Panoramic

Peritonitis is a major complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and it remains the leading cause of patient droupout. VRE is a very serious pathogen because it is difficult to eradicate due to very limited effective antibiotics and because there is a possibility of transfer of this resistance to other gram-positive organisms including Staphylo-coccus aureus. We experienced a case of CAPD peritonitis by VRE, which was treated with high dose ampicillin and streptomycin without removal of CAPD catheter. We report our experience of CAPD peritonitis caused by VRE and review the literature.
Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Catheters ; Humans ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Peritonitis* ; Streptomycin ; Vancomycin*

BACKGROUND: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are generally attributed to suppression cyclooxygenase enzymes, leading to decreased products of the arachidonic acid cascade. Since the discovery of two isoenzymes of cyclooxygenase, inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 has been suggested to be responsible for therapeutic effects of NSAIDs without side effects. In the present study, to investigate the extent to peripheral nociception and inflammation of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2, diclofenac (non-selective inhibitor), SC-560 (selective cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor) and NS-398 (selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor) are injected intra-articularly on acute arthritic model in rats. METHODS: Arthritis was induced with 2% lamda-carrageenan (suspended in 50microliter normal saline) into the right knee joint cavity under enflurane anesthesia (2-4%). Before and after the injection, rats were allowed to walk freely through a pathway constructed to record weight load by means of 8 weight sensors (strain gauge type) attached to 8 plates which function independently. The weight load, diameter of both knee joints and weight of rat were measured at each test. At 4 hours and 30 minutes, diclofenac, SC-560 and NS-398 dissolved in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide were injected intra-articularly (50microgram/50microliter). RESULTS: The weight loads increased in diclofenac group at 6 and 9 hours and in NS-398 group at 24 and 48 hours after induction of arthritis. The diameter ratio decreased in diclofenac group at 12 hours after induction of arthritis. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that peripheral nociception and inflammation in acute model of arthritis in rats are likely related with both cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 pathways.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Arachidonic Acid ; Arthritis ; Cyclooxygenase 1 ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Diclofenac* ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Enflurane ; Inflammation ; Isoenzymes ; Knee Joint ; Nociception ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Rats*

Omental pregnancy is an extremely rare form of abdominal pregnancy that may cause life threatening massive hemorrhage in case of rupture. It may occur by primary implantation of the fertilized ovum in the omentum. The diagnosis is very difficult, but prompt surgical intervention is required when it is suspected, because perinatal mortality and maternal mortality in abdominal pregnancy were 85~95% and 0.5~6%. We experienced a case of omental pregnancy in the first times and reported it with brief review of literature.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Maternal Mortality ; Omentum ; Perinatal Mortality ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnancy, Abdominal ; Rupture ; Zygote

OBJECTIVES: Temperamental and sociodemographic characteristics of developmentally delayed preschool children have not been adequately studied. This research compares temperamental and sociodemographic characteristics in 3 groups of preschool children: those with communication disorder (CD), those with mental retardation (MR), and those with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD). METHODS: One hundred ninety eight preschool children (160 males, 38 females, average age 37.8 months) with delayed language development were included in this study. Developmental status of children was assessed by Bayley scales of infant development II, and temperamental characteristics were assessed by PTQ (Parental Temperamental Questionnaire). Sociodemographic characteristics of children were assessed with a questionnaire developed by us. Subjects were divided into three groups according to Bayley scale and Childhood autism rating scale (CARS). RESULTS: CD groups showed higher scores on rhythmicity and persistence than MR and PDD groups. CD group showed lower scores on threshold of reaction than MR group. On intensity of reaction and quality of mood, CD group showed higher scores than the PDD group. Sociodemographic characteristics were not different among the 3 groups. CONCLUSION: There are differences in temperamental characteristics but not in sociodemographic characteristics among CD, MR, and PDD.
Autistic Disorder ; Child ; Child Development ; Child, Preschool* ; Communication Disorders ; Female ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Language Development* ; Male ; Periodicity ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Temperament* ; Weights and Measures

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell*