Objective To investigate the expression of CD2 in peripheral blood T lymphocytes in acute rejection after small bowel transplantation (SBT) in rats.Methods Three groups were set up: Group A (n=18), receiving sham operation and feeding of common feedstuff; Group B (n=18) receiving SD rat to SD rat iso-series SBT and the treatment of routine liquid infusion and antibiotics after operation; Group C (n=18) receiving SD rat to Wistar rat taniso-series SBT and the same post- operation treatments as in group B. Samples of grafts and peripheral blood in the three groups were collected on the day 3, 5 and 7 respectively after SBT for detection of flow cytometry. The intestinal grafts were obtained for pathological examination.Results The survival time of rats in group C, group B and group A was 7.0? 2.1, 33.3? 2.3 and more than 90 days, respectively. There was significant difference between group C and groups A, B (P

Objective To establish the model of abdominal heterotopic heart transplantation and grope steady operation methods.Methods The heart transplantation was performed in the control group(group A) and experiment group(group B) with 30 rats in each group.Another 30 animals not performed the operation were as the blank group(group C).During the procurement of the donor heart saline solution containing heparitin was injected into the inferior vena cava of liver.At the same time abdominal aorta was transected.Then heart was perfused until it stopped.The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in blood was measured after transplantation.Results The total perfusion time of the graft was shortened within 2 min and hot ischemia time was shortened within 25 s in the group B.The activity of SOD and content of MDA between two groups was significantly different(P<0.05).Conclusion The perfusing method improved with new technique is quicker and more effective than the traditional one and results in the successful rate improvement.

Objective To summarize the practical experience of 2 cases of anemia following living related intestinal transplantation.Methods The clinical data of 2 cases of anemia following living related intestinal transplantation were studied retrospectively. After the surgical procedure regiments of blood transfusion, hemostasia, to cut down the dosage of some drug, to fill up raw material of hematopoientic system and requisite nutrition support were used to treat the patients. Results Four weeks later, the diseased conditions of the two patients became better and better. The index of hemoglobin were increased remarkably, to normal level 100 to 120?g/L.Conclusion Anemia is one of the common syndrome in living related intestinal transplantation. The correction of anemia is very important in treating such patients.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of reducing average radiation dose and increasing protective weight on the auditory system (tympanic cavity,the bony portion of eustachian tube,vestibule,and cochlea) during intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods The planning system (ADAC Pinnacle3 8.0m) with direct machine parameter optimization was used to optimize the IMRT planning for 40 patients with NPC (stage Ⅰ + Ⅱ:20 patients ;stage Ⅲ + Ⅳ:20 patients).Without reducing the radiation dose for target volume,the IMRT planning was optimized by limiting the average dose administered to the auditory system or increasing the protective weight for the protected organs in auditory system.The protective effects were assessed by analyzing the average dose received by the auditory system.Results After limiting the average dose administered to the auditory system without reducing the radiation dose for target volume,the average dose received by the auditory system was significantly reduced (3855.5-5391.3 Gy vs 2960.3-4559.6 Gy,P =0.000 for all) ; when the protective weight for the auditory system was increased,the average dose received by the auditory system was even more reduced (3855.5-5391.3 Gy vs 2725.4-4271.4 Gy,P =0.000 for all).For all three regimens,the average dose was significantly higher in stage Ⅲ + Ⅳ patients than in stage Ⅰ + Ⅱ patients (P =0.000 for all).Conclusions For the IMRT planning for NPC,limiting the average dose administered to the auditory system can greatly reduce the average dose received by the auditory system,and increasing the protective weight for the auditory system can further reduce the average dose received by the auditory system.However,the protective effect on the auditory system may be reduced as the stage of NPC increases.

Objective To study the prevention and treatment of chylous leakage after Whipple operation.Methods Clinical data of 381 patients underwent Whipple operation from Jan 2010 to march 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among 381 patients,23 patients had chylous leakage,the incidence was 6.04％.While in 89 patients,in which intraoperative precautionary physical ligation or mattress suturing of the lymphatic vessels were undertaken,no chyle leakage occurred ; Most of chyle leakage occurred in malignant tumor after radical resection(21 patients),most chylous leakage was found 5-8 days after surgery,with daily volume of 260-450 ml.All patients of chylous leakage were cured by conservative treatment.Conclusions Chylous leakage are common in PD.Intraoperative preventive measures such as lymphatic duct ligation or safe suturing can effectively prevent chyle leakage.Conservative therapy heals most chylous leakage after Whipple operation.

Objective In order to avoid potential injuries imposed to human body,it could be feasible to use the musculoskeletal models which can be reconstructed from the cadaver color cryosection(CCC)images,computerized tomography(CT)images,magnetic resonance(MR)images or other images to analyze the dynamic properties of muscles in vivo during human movement.Mothod We reconstruct the lower limb musculoskeletal model and define the uniform ioint coordinate system(JCS)on the model and the subject.The coordinate transformation of the muscle attachment points both on the model and the subject is described in detail.Results The length and the moment arm of the biceps femoris(short head)during knee flexion are calculated and analyzed.Conclusion This method plays an important role in improving the kinematics and dynamic simulation and the muscle force estimation.