Mixed squamous cell carcinoma and papillary carcinoma in the thyroid gland is a very rare malignant tumor characterized by rapidly progressive clinical course and radioresistance. A 63-year-oid woman had mixed squamous cell carcinoma and papillary carcinoma in the thyroid gland diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNA), and the diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination. She had complained of a fixed, egg-sized mass of the anterior neck with hoarseness for 1 year. The findings of FNA consisted of sheets and clusters of polygonal epithelial cells with hyperchromatic, pleomorphic nuclei and eosinophilic, abundant, laminated cytoplasm. These findings were consistent with squamous cell carcinoma. Also, foci of papillary carcinoma were noted, and the cells exhibited nuclear groovings and intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions. Total thyroidectomy specimen showed a diffusely infiltrating tumor in the left thyroid which was composed of mixed papillary carcinoma and well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. In junction between two components, squamous metaplasia of papillary carcinoma was noted.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Child* ; Cytoplasm ; Diagnosis ; Eosinophils ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Giant Cell Tumors ; Giant Cells ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental* ; Hoarseness ; Humans ; Inclusion Bodies ; Metaplasia ; Neck ; Ribs ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroidectomy

Changes in CTB labeled motor neurons of the spinal cord were observed after the induction of peripheral neuropathy by ligation of the tibial nerve. Rats were anesthetized and the tibial nerve was ligated with 3-0 silk. The rats were separated into three groups based on the length of time the tibial nerve was ligated (1, 2, or 4 weeks). After the ligation procedures were complete, the tibial nerve stumps were soaked in CTB solution. Tibial nerve segments and the spinal cord were then observed. In the control and experimental groups, CTB-labeled neurons formed a discrete population that was concentrated primarily at the L5 level, while the contributions from L4 and L6 were minor. According to the distributions, CTB-labeled neurons were divided into rostral and caudal groups. A selective decrease of CTB-labeled neurons was observed only in the caudal group, extending from the rostral L5 to one-half of the rostral L6. The total numbers of CTB-labeled motor neurons were 2,160+/-169.3, 1,002+/-245.1, 587.5+/-346.5, and 1,728+/-402.6 in the control group, 1 week group, 2 week group, and 4 week group, respectively. The selective decrease of CTB-labeled neurons in the caudal division was responsible for the decrease in the total number of labeled neurons in all groups. Following peripheral neuropathy caused by ligation of the tibial nerve, CTB-labeled neurons in the spinal cord decreased selectively. These results may provide important neuroanatomical data regarding the effects of peripheral neuropathy by ligation of the tibial nerve.
Animals ; Ligation ; Motor Neurons ; Neurons ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Rats ; Silk ; Spinal Cord ; Tibial Nerve

No abstract available.
Child* ; Gangwon-do* ; Humans

OBJECTIVES: Seoul-Activities of Daily Living(S-ADL) was developed to assess elderly person's basic activities of daily living. This study aims to develop standardized ADL assessment scale and confirm the reliability and validity of the S-ADL. METHODS: It was participated in 336 controls and 145 patients diagnosed Alzheimer's disease. RESULTS: In controls, it was statistically significant to age, but not sex, education, region and presence of spouse. Also, reliability and validity were statistically significant. Principal axis factoring analysis revealed three factors that accounted for 66.67% of the total variance(1.self-care/hygiene, 2.ambulation, 3.toileting). According to each CDR stage, there were significant difference, except for CDR 0.5 and CDR 1 suggesting early dementia. Particularly, it was remarkable for functional impairment in CDR 2 and CDR 3 suggesting moderate to severe dementia. The order of the loss of function was (1) self-care/hygiene, (2) toileting, and (3) ambulation. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that the S-ADL could be a very reliable and valid tool for the assessment of functional disabilities of Korean dementia patients. Particularly, S-ADL would be useful in assessing daily function of moderate to severe AD.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Alzheimer Disease ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Dementia ; Education ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Spouses ; Walking

Purpose: To determine the clinical manifestations and maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of pregnant women with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection who were admitted to National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) Ilsan Hospital between August 2020 and October 2021. The maternal and perinatal outcomes were investigated. Results: Among 184 pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2, 79 women delivered. Of the women who delivered, with 36 women giving birth during the quarantine period. At delivery, 45 women were positive for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), whereas 34 women were negative. The most common clinical manifestations were cough (65.2%), fever (38.0%), and myalgia (33.2%). Regarding perinatal outcomes, none of the babies had an Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes, and none were intubated following the delivery. The preterm birth rate and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) rate were 15.2% and 16.5%, respectively. All babies who was delivered at NHIS Ilsan Hospital were negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection by PCR, which was evaluated using amniotic fluid, cord blood, neonatal nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs in the 1st and 2nd days following delivery, although 45 women were positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by PCR at the time of delivery. Conclusion Most pregnant women with COVID-19 in South Korea were unlikely to manifest symptoms or present with a severe disease progression. The observed preterm birth rate and SGA rate were higher in women with COVID-19 than in those without COVID-19. However, there was no evidence of vertical transmission, and all babies were negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy.

PURPOSE: Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common problems in our country leading to hospitalization. Agar is low cost, low risk, and easily fed orally; it can bind bilirubin in the intestine, decreasing its enterohepatic circulation, thereby decreasing serum bilirubin levels. At present, however, the effectiveness of agar in the prevention and treament of neonatal jaundice is quite conflicting and controversy. Recently we have read Caglayan's 'Superiority of Oral Agar and Phototherapy Combination in the Treatment of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia'. The result was very hopeful and attractive enough, and which gave us a motivation to study if it was really of value. METHODS: From May 1995 to April 1996, a total 50 term neonates admitted in nursery of Dong-Eui Medical Center with the capillary serum bilirubin levels greater than 10mg/ dl were enrolled in the study. Those with pathologic causes and breast fed infants were all excluded. The neonates were randomly devided into two groups; 25 of conventional phototherapy alone (P group) and 25 of oral agar plus conventional phototherapy combination (A+P group). The study was terminated when the capillary serum bilirubins were decreased to 8mg/dl. Pastagar B (Pasteur Institute 64946) 500mg in 10ml distilled water were fed four times a day using 10ml syringes prior to bottle feeding. Capillary serum bilirubin levels were measured daily at 10:00 a.m. with heel pad samples. Daily stool frequency and adverse effects of treatment were observed closely. RESULTS: 1) The decrement of the serum bilirubin levels at first 24 hours of therapy was significantly different between P and A+P groups showing as 1.7+/-1.2 and 2.4+/-1.0mg/dl respectively (p<0.05). 2) Mean time for bilirubin to decrease to 8mg/dl was shorter in A+P group than in P group showing as 45.7+/-20.8 and 57.5+/-32.3 hours each other, but those differences were statistically insignificant (p>0.05). 3) No adverse effects such as rashes or abdominal pains were observed during treatment. Differences of mean stool frequency were significant between P and A+P groups showing as 3.7+/-1.2 and 4.7+/-2.0 times per day respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The agar plus conventional phototherapy combination was superior to conventional phototherapy alone at first 24 hours of therapy in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, but further more careful researches would be necessary for using it routinely in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in future.
Abdominal Pain ; Agar* ; Bilirubin ; Bottle Feeding ; Breast ; Capillaries ; Enterohepatic Circulation ; Exanthema ; Heel ; Hope ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intestines ; Jaundice, Neonatal ; Motivation ; Nurseries ; Phototherapy* ; Syringes ; Water

No abstract available.
Aged ; Ampicillin/therapeutic use ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cytarabine/therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Idarubicin/therapeutic use ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications/*diagnosis/drug therapy ; Male ; Moraxella/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Moraxellaceae Infections/*diagnosis/drug therapy/microbiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry/genetics ; Republic of Korea ; Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis/microbiology ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; Sulbactam/therapeutic use

The subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis, also known as Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, is a benign, self-limited disorder of unknown cause. This rare disease is characterized by fever, lymphadenopathy, leukopenia, and elevated sedimentation rate. This disease preferentially affects young women. The diagnosis of this disease is confirmed by involved lymphnodes biopsy. Evidence for autoimmune dysfunction has been reported, but is usually lacking. According to the review of the literatures, a total of 192 cases of subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis were reported in Korea since 1983 mostly in literatures of pathology or internal medicine and only 7 cases in pediatrics. There was female predominance in a 141:51 ratio. However, among 25 cases of under 20 years of age, there was male predominance in a 16:9 ratio. The patients of under and over 20 years of age were 29 and 82, respectively among the age-known 111 cases of 192 reported. We experienced a 13-year-old boy, who had right cervical lymphadenitis with persisting high temperature and pain on lymph nodes for more than 10 days. An excisional cervical lymph node biopsy was performed and pathologic diagnosis was compatible with subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis. Most antibiotics were not effective, but fever subsided with one day of oral prednisolone therapy. Various laboratory studies for prolonged fever were negative except leukopenia and increased sedimentation rates. The CD4/CD8 ratios in acute and recovery stages were 1.1 and 1.5 respectively, showing mild decrease of CD4/CD8 ratio in the acute stage. Decreased T cell proportions in the acute stage were also noted.
Adolescent ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fever ; Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Korea ; Leukopenia ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphadenitis* ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphocyte Subsets* ; Lymphocytes* ; Male ; Pathology ; Pediatrics ; Prednisolone ; Rare Diseases

The subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis, also known as Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, is a benign, self-limited disorder of unknown cause. This rare disease is characterized by fever, lymphadenopathy, leukopenia, and elevated sedimentation rate. This disease preferentially affects young women. The diagnosis of this disease is confirmed by involved lymphnodes biopsy. Evidence for autoimmune dysfunction has been reported, but is usually lacking. According to the review of the literatures, a total of 192 cases of subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis were reported in Korea since 1983 mostly in literatures of pathology or internal medicine and only 7 cases in pediatrics. There was female predominance in a 141:51 ratio. However, among 25 cases of under 20 years of age, there was male predominance in a 16:9 ratio. The patients of under and over 20 years of age were 29 and 82, respectively among the age-known 111 cases of 192 reported. We experienced a 13-year-old boy, who had right cervical lymphadenitis with persisting high temperature and pain on lymph nodes for more than 10 days. An excisional cervical lymph node biopsy was performed and pathologic diagnosis was compatible with subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis. Most antibiotics were not effective, but fever subsided with one day of oral prednisolone therapy. Various laboratory studies for prolonged fever were negative except leukopenia and increased sedimentation rates. The CD4/CD8 ratios in acute and recovery stages were 1.1 and 1.5 respectively, showing mild decrease of CD4/CD8 ratio in the acute stage. Decreased T cell proportions in the acute stage were also noted.
Adolescent ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fever ; Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Korea ; Leukopenia ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphadenitis* ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphocyte Subsets* ; Lymphocytes* ; Male ; Pathology ; Pediatrics ; Prednisolone ; Rare Diseases

We used cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) as a neural tracer to localize motor neuronal cell bodies innervating the digastric muscle. After CTB injection into the left anterior belly, CTB-labelled motor neuronal cell bodies were found in caudal half of the left and right trigeminal nucleus, the left and right facial nucleus, the accessory facial nucleus and the accessory trigeminal nucleus in pons. The total number of CTB-labelled motor neuronal cell bodies were 1,179+/-119.5 in the left pons and 246+/-61.8 in the right pons after CTB injections into the left anterior belly of digastric muscle. After CTB injection into left posterior belly, CTB-labelled motor neuronal cell bodies were found only in the left ventral part of accessory facial nucleus in caudal pons and the total number of CTB-labelled motor neuronal cell bodies were 270+/-29.3.
Animals ; Cholera Toxin* ; Cholera* ; Motor Neurons* ; Pons ; Rats* ; Trigeminal Nuclei