STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Proper finishing and polishing enhance both the esthetics and the longevity of restored teeth. Blade finishing technique would be suited for smoothing and finishing. Evaluation of this technique are necessary. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the blade finishing and polishing procedures on the surface profile and roughness of ormocer-based composite resin and nanohybrid composite resin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The material included a ormocer-based composite resin (Admira(R) & Admira(R) Flow); a nanohybrid composite resin (Grandio(R) & Grandio(R) Flow). One hundred forty specimens of each group were prepared using a mylar strip and randomly divied into blade finishing and rubber polishing groups (n=10). The average surface roughness (Ra) in micrometers was measured and the surface profile was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Magnification X 200). The data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney Test at 0.05 significance level. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that the mylar strip produced the smoothest surface on all materials and among the finishing-polishing methods was not significanct difference (P>0.05). Ormocer-based flowable composite resin performedthe lowest variability in initial surface roughness among the tested materials.
Composite Resins ; Esthetics ; Longevity ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Rubber ; Tooth

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: Vitamin E is widely known to be one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers and a drug that can easily be obtained, and it has been shown to attenuate the pain responses induced by various causes in animal pain models. Thus, this experiment was conducted to assess the antinociceptive effects of vitamin E by comparing intraperitoneal and intrathecal injections in rats subjected to the formalin test. METHODS: After the intraperitoneal and intrathecal injections of vitamin E were carried out, respectively (IP: 500 mg/kg, 1 g/kg, and 2 g/kg, IT: 3 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 30 mg/kg), the formalin test was perfumed. As soon as 5% formalin was injected into left hind paw, the number of flinches induced by pain was measured at 5-minute intervals for 1 hour. RESULTS: Formalin injected into the left hind paw induced biphasic nociceptive behavior in all animals. Intraperitoneal injection of vitamin E diminished the nociceptive behavior in a dose-dependent manner during the early and late phase. Intrathecal vitamin E diminished nociceptive behavior dose dependently during the late phase but showed no significant difference in the early phase. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin E attenuated acute nociception when it was injected systemically, while both systemic and intrathecal injection produced analgesia in a rat model of formalin-induced hyperalgesia.
Analgesia ; Animals ; Formaldehyde ; Hyperalgesia ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Injections, Spinal ; Nociception ; Pain Measurement ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Vitamin E ; Vitamins

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine factors affecting happiness of adolescents who attended community child centers. METHODS: We surveyed 154 adolescents attending a community child center in P City with a structured self-report questionnaire from October 3 to October 15, 2016. Data was analyzed by SPSS 18.0 descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The mean scores of family strength, friend support, teacher support, and happiness were 3.8±0.84, 3.8±0.98, 3.7±0.84 and 3.7±0.63. There were significant differences in happiness according to the subjects' number of close friends and duration of their stay at the community child center. There were a significant positive correlations among family strength, friend support, teacher support, and happiness. The most significant factors affecting happiness included friend support (β=.40) and peaceable family strength (β=.35). These variables explained 44% of the total variance in happiness. CONCLUSION: It is desirable to prepare and support measures to increase friends' support and family strength in order to improve happiness of adolescents attending community child centers. The findings suggest that it is necessary to develop nursing intervention programs to promote friend support and family strength.
Adolescent* ; Child* ; Family Health ; Friends ; Happiness* ; Humans ; Nursing

BACKGROUND: Neuropathic pain induced by spinal or peripheral nerve injury is very resistant to common pain killers, nerve block, and other pain management approaches. Recently, several studies using stem cells suggested a new way to control the neuropatic pain. In this study, we used the spinal nerve L5 ligation (SNL) model to investigate whether intrathecal rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) were able to decrease pain behavior, as well as the relationship between rMSCs and reactive oxygen species (ROS). METHODS: Neuropathic pain of the left hind paw was induced by unilateral SNL in Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 10 in each group). Mechanical sensitivity was assessed using Von Frey filaments at 3, 7, 10, 12, 14, 17, and 24 days post-ligation. rMSCs (10 microl, 1 x 105) or phosphate buffer saline (PBS, 10 microl) was injected intrathecally at 7 days post-ligation. Dihydroethidium (DHE), an oxidative fluorescent dye, was used to detect ROS at 24 days post-ligation. RESULTS: Tight ligation of the L5 spinal nerve induced allodynia in the left hind paw after 3 days post-ligation. ROS expression was increased significantly (P < 0.05) in spinal dorsal horn of L5. Intrathecal rMSCs significantly (P < 0.01) alleviated the allodynia at 10 days after intrathecal injection (17 days post-ligation). Intrathecal rMSCs administration significantly (P < 0.05) reduced ROS expression in the spinal dorsal horn. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that rMSCs may modulate neuropathic pain generation through ROS expression after spinal nerve ligation.
Animals ; Horns ; Hyperalgesia ; Injections, Spinal ; Ligation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells* ; Nerve Block ; Neuralgia ; Pain Management ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reactive Oxygen Species* ; Spinal Nerves ; Stem Cells

We report a case of a pulmonary venous malformation in a 4-year-old boy who presented with recurrent pneumonia. A radiograph revealed a right infrahilar mass and a hyperlucent right lung. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a mass containing intensely enhancing areas and multiple phleboliths located in the right lower lobe and encasing the right bronchus and right inferior pulmonary vein. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) precisely revealed the mass demarcation. A right lower lobectomy was performed and a pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a venous malformation. To the best of our knowledge, a venous malformation in pulmonary tissue has not been reported in the English literature. Herein, we report a case of a pulmonary venous malformation, with the radiograph, CT, MRI, and blood pool scan findings, along with its pathologic correlation.
Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Pneumonectomy ; Pulmonary Veins/*abnormalities ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The methylglyoxal (MGO) trapping constituents from Malus baccata L. were investigated using incubation of MGO and crude extract under physiological conditions followed by HPLC analysis. The peak areas of MGO trapping compounds decreased, and their chemical structures were identified by HPLC-ESI/MS. Sieboldin was identified as a major active molecule representing MGO-trapping activity of the crude extract. After reaction of sieboldin and MGO, remaining MGO was calculated by microplate assay method using imine (Schiff base) formation of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and aldehyde group. After 4 h incubation, sieboldin trapped over 43.8% MGO at a concentration of 0.33 mM and showed MGO scavenging activity with an RC 50 value of 0.88 mM for the incubation of 30 min under physiological conditions. It was also confirmed that sieboldin inhibited the production of advanced glycation end products (AGE) produced by bovine serum albumins (BSA)/MGO. Additionally, MGO trapping mechanism of sieboldin was more specifically identified by 1 H-, 13 C-, 2D NMR and, confirm to be attached to the position of C-3' (or 5').

PURPOSE: Isosulfan blue dye has been widely used for localizing sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in breast cancer patients. The use of methylene blue has recently been applied for localizing SLNs. We compared the use of each dye to investigate the effectiveness of methylene blue for the localization of SLNs. METHODS: From January to December of 2005, 326 patients underwent surgery for breast cancer at Samsung Medical Center. In 86 patients, only a blue dye was used for SLN localization. Isosulfan blue and methylene blue were randomly given. Each dye (5 mL) was given by subareolar or peritumoral injection. The injection site was gently massaged with a warm gauze for 5 min. A frozen biopsy was performed for all SLNs, and an axillary dissection was done for positive frozen biopsy cases or cases in which axillary metastasis was clinically suspected. RESULTS: Fifty-eight cases (61.1%) had been treated with isosulfan blue and 37 cases (38.9%) had been treated with methylene blue. Blue nodes were found in 96.6% of samples in the isosulfan blue group and 86.5% of samples in the methylene blue group. The mean number of SLNs was 2.10 in the isosulfan blue group and 2.27 in the methylene blue group (p>0.05). The frozen biopsy was positive for malignant cells in 16 of 56 cases in the isosulfan blue group and 4 of 32 cases in the methylene blue group. Axillary lymph node dissection was performed in 23 cases in the isosulfan blue group and 19 cases in the methylene blue group. CONCLUSION: There are no significant differences in the success rate, the mean number of SLNs found and the false negative rate between the use of isosulfan blue and methylene blue for localization of SLNs in breast cancer patients.
Biopsy ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes* ; Methylene Blue* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

Intussusception is a frequent cause of bowel obstruction in the first five years of life and it is one of the most common surgical emergencies in infancy and early childhood. The age of five months child was administered in Department of Pediatrics of Chunchon Sacred Heart Hospital. His main symptoms were vomiting and high fever for three days. Abdominal sonography, air reduction and abdominal computerized tomography (CT) were performed and the conclusion of these study was intussusception due to cyst mass lesion; duplication cyst, mesenteric cyst or Meckel's diverticulum. He was transferred for operation. We had performed laparotomy for reduction of the intussusception. Operative findings revealed ileocolic type of intussusception due to cystic tumor on ileocecal valve that was invaginated into the cecum, and hyperplasia of the Peyer's patch were seen. But we failed manual reduction because of the tumor in the ileocecal area. So we had performed partial resection of the ileocecum. Diverticulum of the ileum was confirmed by pathologic examination. We experienced unusual cause of the intussusception. So we report this case with a review of the literatures.
Cecum ; Child ; Diverticulum* ; Emergencies ; Fever ; Gangwon-do ; Heart ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Ileocecal Valve ; Ileum ; Intussusception* ; Laparotomy ; Meckel Diverticulum ; Mesenteric Cyst ; Pediatrics ; Vomiting

Mature cystic teratoma of the ovary is the most commom ovarian germ cell tumor and almost benign. Malignant transformation occurs in less than 2% of benign mature teratoma. Squamous cell carcinoma derived from ectoderm is the most frequent malignancy. Prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma in ovarian mature teratoma is generally poor but there is no consensus on optimal thrapy. We report one case of squamous cell carcinoma arising from mature cystic teratoma with a brief review of the literature.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Consensus ; Ectoderm ; Female ; Hydronephrosis* ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Neoplasms, Squamous Cell* ; Ovary ; Prognosis ; Teratoma* ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Obstruction*