The purpose of this study was to investigate the root resorption pattern in incisors in dog under intrusive orthodontic loadings of various magnitude and duration. Intrusive forces were generated by closed coil springs. Force magnitudes were 15-30gm, 50-60gm and 80-110gm. Durations were continuous and intermittent. Intermittent duration was applied at intervals of 12 hours. The readjustment of the force was done every 4 days. The forces were maintained for 30 days. All specimens were decalfied, embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin-eosin stain. Observations were made with light microscope. The following results were obtained; 1. The continuity of root surface was ceased in all, except intermittent forced teeth with 25gm. 2. The root resorptions, cementoclasts and cemental lacunae, were increased around periapical regions and the destructive scope of bone was deeply extended as the exerted orthodontic forces increased. 3. It was inspected that, under the same forces, root resorption and bone destruction were more deeply appeared in the continuously forced teeth than the intermittently forced ones. 4. All of the alveolar bone, showed direct and undermining bone resorptions.
Animals ; Bone Resorption ; Dogs* ; Incisor* ; Osteoclasts ; Paraffin ; Root Resorption* ; Tooth

Surgical approaches for aneurysms of the basilar artery trunk are variable and utilized depending on the location of the aneurysms and direction of the fundus of the aneurysms. We operated one patient with low lying basilar bifurcation aneurysms facing toward the brain stem by subtemporal transpetrosal approach with successful clipping of aneurysms. The advantage of this approach to low-lying basilar bifurcation or basilar trunk aneurysms over the pterional, subtemporal(transtentorial), combined supratentorial and infratentorial, transoral, and suboccipital approach are discussed.
Aneurysm* ; Basilar Artery ; Brain Stem ; Deception ; Humans

Eighty cases of malignant effusion were cytologically studied to elucidate the incidence of primary tumor site and cytologic characteristics of each tumor types. Eighty fluid specimens were composed of 43 ascitic, 35 pleural, and 2 pericardial effusion and primary tumor site had been confirmed by histology. The frequent primary sites were stomach (22 cases, 28%), lung (21 cases, 26%), ovary (11 cases, 14%), liver (7 cases, 9%), and breast (4 cases, 5%). The principal malignant tumors were adenocarcinoma (56 cases, 70%), squamous cell carcinoma (7 cases, 9%), liver cell carcinoma (7 cases, 9%), small cell carcinoma (4 cases, 5%), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (4 cases, 5%). The distinctive cytologic findings according to primary tumor types were as follows; the gastric adenocarcinomas were mainly characterized by isolated cells and irregular clusters sometimes with signet ring cells. Papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma of ovary showed frequently papillary clusters and occasional psammoma bodies. Breast carcinoma of ductal type showed cell balls with smooth margins. Colonic adenocarcinoma showed rather irregular clusters o palisading pattern of cylindrical cells. Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, liver cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma showed also characteristic features. These findings indicate that the cytological features observed in the great majority of malignant effusion are similar to those of primary tumor types, which are very helpful to indentify the primary tumor site.
Adenocarcinoma ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Child* ; Colon ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell ; Humans ; Iliac Artery* ; Incidence ; Liver ; Lung ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Nephrosis, Lipoid* ; Ovary ; Pericardial Effusion ; Stomach

Although MDR was previously thought to be predominantly caused by the expression of the MDR1 gene, it is now increasingly believed to be caused by other mechanism. Recently, over-expression of the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) was suggested a possible mechanism for non-Pgp mediated MDR. Recent studies showed that MRP can confer resistance to a wide spectrum of natural product drug, but the clinical relevance of MRP-mediated MDR in human cancer is poorly understood. p53 is the most widely known tumor suppressor gene. It has been suggested that mutant p53 is related to abnormal proliferation of cell and some what is been related to cellular apoptosis. To determine the clinical significance of MRP and/or p53 expression in colorectal carcinoma, the authors investigated the expression of the MRP and p53 in 81 cases of primary colorectal carcinoma, the relationship between the MRP and/or p53 expression and clinical parameters including 5-yr. survival rate, and the relationship between the expression of MRP and p53. The results were as follows: 1) Of the 81 colorectal carcinomas, 36 (42%) were MRP positive and 28 (34%) were p53 positive. 2) The expression of MRP and/or p53 was not significantly correlated with sex, age, histologic grades, tumor invasion, tumor location, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and survival of patients. In conclusion, these results suggest that expression of MRP and/or p53 is neither related to the known prognostic factors nor a prognostic factor by itself.
Apoptosis ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate

Although prenatal and neonatal intensive care in recent years improved survival of infants, the risk of cerebral palsy (CP) in infants with perinatal asphyxia persisted. Screening criteria for risk factors of cerebral palsy and delayed development (DD) in term infants with perinatal asphyxia are required so that early diagnosis and rehabilitation and physical therapy could decrease the neurologic complications and maximize quality of life. To identify the risk factors of CP and DD in infants with perinatal asphyxia, we undertook a case-control study of 25 infants with perinatal asphyxia (5 min Apgar score below 6). At one year follow-up, 12 infants developed CP and DD and 13 control infants showed normal development. Risk factors associated with an increased risk of CP and DD were the number of abortion (p=0. 031), history of neonatal seizure (p=0.021), hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (p=0.046), and poor response to resuscitation immediately after birth (p=0.017). In term infants with perinatal asphyxia, the risk factors of CP and DD were increased number of abortion, history of neonatal seizure, and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and poor response to resuscutation. Thus infants with these risk factors should be carefully followed up after hospital discharge and further extensive and prospective study in term infants with perinatal asphyxia could elucidate possible mechanisms related to cerebral palsy and delayed development.
Apgar Score ; Asphyxia* ; Case-Control Studies ; Cerebral Palsy* ; Early Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Mass Screening ; Parturition ; Quality of Life ; Rehabilitation ; Resuscitation ; Risk Factors* ; Seizures

OBJECTIVE: To provide epidemiologic data of the pressure sores and to determine the most effective prevention and treatment methods. METHOD: Seventy patients with pressure sores who were admitted to the Rehabilitation Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine from 1991 to 1995 were included in this study. RESULTS: The average age of the patients was 36. Traffic accident was the most common(46 cases) cause of injury, followed by falling injury. Thirty-one patients developed pressure sores at home, while 39 patients in various hospitals. According to Frankel's classification, 51 cases were Frankel A, 13 cases were Frankel B, 5 cases were Frankel C and none was Frankel D. Sacrum was the most common site of the sore followed by buttock, ischial tuberosity, greater trochanter, and coccyx. Among many factors investigated, the anemia and hypotension had a significant correlation with the healing time. The treatment methods were variable among the patients depending on the size and severity of the sores. The severe and larger lesions required more surgical managements. CONCLUSION: The results support that an intensive prevention is necessary at homes as well as at the hospitals. More educational programs should be provided not only for the patients, but also for the hospital personnels.
Accidents, Traffic ; Anemia ; Buttocks ; Classification ; Coccyx ; Epidemiology* ; Femur ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Personnel, Hospital ; Pressure Ulcer* ; Rehabilitation ; Sacrum ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Spinal Cord*

We report a cases of solid and papillary neoplasm of the pancreas, which is a rare pancreatic tumor. we described clinical characteristics, sonographic, computed tomographic and pathologic finding. The tumors had a smooth, enhanced capsule and variable architecture. The tumor was distributed tail of pancreas without local invasion. the origin of the tumor is probably from a multipotential stem cell of the pancreas. Neoplasm usually behave like a very low grade malignancy, so that complete removal is the treatment of choice for the tumor arising anywhere in the pancrease. This unusual tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a young female with pancreatic mass.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Pancreas* ; Pancrelipase ; Stem Cells ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Neuroblastoma*

BACKGROUND: The effects of sex hormones on nociception and the analgesic actions of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in an acute arthritic pain model were investigated. METHODS: Rats were ovariectomized and randomly assigned to three experimental groups. The estrogen group (n = 45) received a 0.25 mg pellet of 17beta-estradiol, the placebo group (n = 45) received a 0.25 mg pellet of a placebo and the progesterone group (n = 45) received a 25 mg pellet of progesterone. Arthritis was induced by injecting 2% carrageenan into the knee joint cavity of the right hind leg. Before and after the injection, rats were allowed to walk freely through a weight load apparatus. The weight load and the weight of the rat were measured for each test. One hour after injection, ibuprofen or NS-398, dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, was injected intraperitoneally (1 mg/kg/ml). RESULTS: The carrageenan injection into the knee joint cavity of the right hind leg of the rat resulted in a significant decrease in the weight load on the injected leg. Estrogen-treated rats showed lower weight load reduction than the placebo and progesterone groups, NS-398 increased the weight load compared to rats not receiving NSAIDs. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the nociceptive response after acute inflammation was reduced by estrogen, and that only NS-398 had a good analgesic effect in the placebo and progesterone groups. It is likely that the analgesic effect of NSAIDs on the estrogen group was unremarkable compared to those of the placebo and progesterone groups because of the antinociceptive action of estrogen.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal* ; Arthritis ; Carrageenan ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Estrogens ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones* ; Ibuprofen ; Inflammation ; Knee Joint ; Leg ; Nociception* ; Progesterone ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Rats

BACKGROUND: All currently available nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit both cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 and exhibit many complications. It has been suggested that the anti-inflammatory and also most of the analgesic effects of NSAlDs result from an inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolites synthesised via cyclooxygenase-2. In the present study, the extent of analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of ibuprofen (a non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor), indomethacin (a selective cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor) and NS-398 (a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor) are investigated in on acute model of arthritis in rats by a behavior test and pathologic examination. METHODS: Arthritis was induced with 2% kaolin and 3% carrageenan into the right knee joint cavity under enflurane anesthesia (2 - 4%). Before and after the injection, rats were allowed to walk freely through a pathway, constructed to record weight load by means of 8 weight sensors attached to 8 plates which function independently. Weight bearing, the weight of rat and the diameter of the knee joint were measured serially before and after the injection. At 6 hours after the injection, ibuprofen, indomethacin and NS-398 were injected intraperitoneally (1, 5 and 25 mg/kg/ml). RESULTS: In the control group, weight bearing decreased maximally and the weight bearing ratio increased maximally at 6 hours after inflammation and the diameter ratio increased maximally 1 day after inflammation. There were improvements in weight bearing with ibuprofen, indomethacin and NS-398 in a dose-dependent manner at 8, 10 and 12 hours after induction of arthritis. NS-398 demonstrated better analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects than ibuprofen or indomethacin at a low dose (1 mg/kg). In contrast to NS-398, significant analgesic effects of indomethacin on the behavior test was not shown at a low dose. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor plays an important role as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Arachidonic Acid ; Arthritis* ; Carrageenan ; Cyclooxygenase 1 ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Enflurane ; Ibuprofen* ; Indomethacin* ; Inflammation ; Kaolin ; Knee Joint ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Rats* ; Weight-Bearing