Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rubella outbreaks from 1998 to 2006,and to evaluate the effect of rubella control in Jinan.Methods The data from routine report system for infections disease and rubella surveillance system were collected and a descriptive epidemiological analysis were conducted.Results There were 74 rubella outbreaks with 1,212 cases|which accounted for 73.10% (1212/1658)of tolal cases from 1998 to 2006.All outbreaks occurred in native population.The age distribution was dominated by groups of 5-14,15-19,and 20-29 years old,ant they accounted for 50.50%,45.21%,and 3.80% of the total cases respectively.In all outbreak cases,only 0.49% were immunized,93.65% didn't immunized, and 5.86% were unknown.43 outbreaks occurred in middle school.Conclusion The adolescents were key population for rubella outbreak prevention.And the most effective strategy for reducing the incidence of rubella and outbreaks are to keep high quality routine coverage of rubella vaccine.

Objective To investigate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopy-assisted radical gastrectomy in elderly gastric cancer patients aged over 70 years.Methods Clinical data of 222 elderly gastric cancer patients aged over 70 years receiving surgery from January 2010 to January 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into the laparoscopy-assisted radical gastrectomy group (LAG group,n=106) and the conventional open gastrectomy group (OG group,n=116),depending on the surgery type.General information,surgical parameters,intra-operative blood pressure fluctuations & blood gas analysis,postoperative recovery and complication rates were compared between the two groups.Results There were no significant differences between the two groups in gender,age,preoperative coexisting diseases,tumor size and location,TNM staging or extent of resection (all P＞0.05).Compared with the OG group,blood loss (86.9±38.9) ml vs.(168.8±49.1) ml,t=10.923,P＜0.01),operative incision length [(9.20±1.55) cm vs.(16.50± 2.12) cm,t=8.788,P＜0.01],time to bowel function recovery [(3.20±1.09) d vs.(5.50±1.16) d,t=4.590,P＜0.01],hospital stay [(11.82±3.92) d vs.(16.14±4.69) d,t=2.234,P＜0.05] and postoperative complications (12.3％ vs.26.4％,x2 =5.186,P＜0.05) were reduced in the LAG group.The LAG group had higher levels of partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO2) and lower levels of base excess than the OG group [(48.10±5.53) mmHg vs.(40.25± 4.66) mmHg,(-7.45±3.72) mmol/L vs.(-3.35±1.98) mmol/L,t=6.908 and 3.619,P＜ 0.01 and 0.05].However,there were no significant differences between the two groups in partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2),arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) or hydrogen ion concentration (all P＞ 0.05).No significant differences in operation time or number of retrieved lymph nodes were found between the two groups [(196.1 ± 23.4) min vs.(184.2 ± 26.9) min,(28.7 ± 6.5) vs.(27.3 ± 5.6),t=1.174 and 0.515,both P＞0.05].Conclusions Laparoscopy-assisted radical gastrectomy is safe and practical in elderly patients aged over 70 years with gastric cancer and can achieve comparable effects of open radical gastrectomy with less invasiveness and faster recovery.

Objective To explore the effectiveness and safety of totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG)and laparoscopically assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG)for gastric cancer.Methods The comparative studies of TLDG and LADG published between 2008 and 2014 were searched from PubMed,EMBASE,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM),China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). After screening for inclusion, data extraction,and quality assessment,RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis.Results Ten studies of 2 212 patients were included in the Meta-analysis,among whom 930 cases underwent TLDG and 1 282 cases underwent LADG.The results of Meta-analysis indicated that compared with LADG,TLDG had the advantages of less blood loss (WMD= - 20.70,95%CI:- 30.81 - - 10.59,P <0.01),less usage of analgesic (WMD=-0.38,95%CI:-0.74 - -0.02,P =0.04),more retrieved lymph nodes (WMD= 2.98,95%CI:0.71 -5.26,P =0.01).However,the Meta-analysis showed no statistically significant differences in the operation time, postoperative time-to-first flatus and oral intake,postoperative hospital stay,length of proximal resection margin, C reaction protein (CRP)level at postoperative day 1,incidence of overall complications and anastomosis-related complications.Conclusion TLDG is safe and effective with less blood loss, less pain than those of LADG. Moreover,it has comparable results to conventional LADG,with no increase of postoperative complications.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the technique of transoral Orvil EEA stapler (OrVil) for laparoscopic gastrectomy of gastric cancer in our hospital.Methods Between Sep 2012 and Aug 2013,73 patients at our department underwent open (n =36) or laparoscopic (being reconstructed by OrVil,n =37) gastrectomy.Early surgical outcomes of the two groups were compared to assess the effectiveness,security and postoperative complications of OrVil procedure.Results The two groups had similar mean numbers of dissected lymph nodes (29 ± 10 vs.31 ± 14,t =-0.697,P =0.488),lengths of postoperative hospital stay (14 ± 5 vs.12 ± 3 d,t =1.933,P =0.057) and postoperative complications (11 vs.11,P =0.939).Intraoperative blood loss was significantly less (189 ± 79 vs.343 ± 90 ml,t =-7.782,P =0.000) and time to first flatus significantly shorter (2.9 ±0.5 vs.3.5 ±0.6 d,t =-4.714,P =0.000) with the use of OrVil.Operation time of laparoscopic group was significantly longer than that of open group (266 ± 97 vs.204 ± 39 min,t =3.607,P =0.001).There was one each anastomotic leakage in both groups.Conclusions With the suitable approach and skillful technique,OrVil is a technically safe and feasible surgical procedure for the treatment of gastric cancer.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of icariin(ICA) on the xenograft tumors growth of esophageal car‐cinoma and to preliminarily investigate its mechanism .Methods The MTT assay and Giemsa staining were applied to detect and observe the in vitro inhibitory effect of ICA on esophagus cancer cell lines Eca‐109 and TE‐13 .The xenograft tumor model of nude mouse esophagus cancer cell was constructed and divided into 3 groups ,6 cases in each group .Each mouse in the experimental group was intraperitoneally injected by ICA 50 mg/kg ;while the control group was injected by the same volume of normal saline and the positive control group was injected by cis‐platinum 2 mg/kg ,once every 2 days ,a total of 14 days .The tumor volume was measured once per 3 d .After experiment ,the tumor weight was measured;the TUNEL staining was used to observe the morphological chan‐ges and cell apoptosis of tumor tissue in each group .The changes of Fas and FasL protein expression in tumor tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry .The FasL and IFN‐γlevels in peripheral blood were tested by the ELISA assay .Results ICA exerted no obvious inhibitory effect on the proliferation of Eca‐109 and TE‐13 cell in vitro .The average volume and weight of xenografts tumor had statistical difference between the experimental group and the positive control group (P<0 .05) .The TUNEL staining results showed that the tumor tissues had obvious apoptosis ,the number of apoptosis cells was significantly increased compared with the control group(P<0 .05) .The immunohistochemistry experimental results showed that the expression of Fas and FasL was signifi‐cantly increased(P<0 .05) .The ELISA experimental results demonstrated that the FasL and IFN‐γlevels of peripheral blood in the experimental group were significantly increased(P<0 .05) .Conclusion ICA had no obvious inhibitory effect on esophageal cancer cell proliferation in vitro ,but could induce in vivo apoptosis through the Fas expression and secretion of FasL and IFN‐γ,thus plays the role of anti‐esophageal cancer .

Objective To better understand students' professional perception,humanistic education status quo and their preference to different humanistic education methods.Methods Questionnaire was conducted for 990 undergraduate students (2006 grade- 2010 grade) at medical school of Shanghai Jiao Tong university.SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used to analyze results of the questionnaire.Results Nearly 45％ students chose to major in clinical medicine out of personal interest.The identification of students for humanistic quality was lower than that for clinical knowledge and skills.More than 50％ students believed doctors were with high humanistic quality and there was a gap between students′ action and their understanding of the medical career identity and medical humanistic cultivation.More than 50％ students preferred activities that train medical and auxiliary skills.Nearly 67％ students also showed a shallow reading habit from regular internet surfing.Conclusion The professional perception of medical students are influenced by both social and historical factors influence.The gap between understanding and action is a consequence of current humanistic educational system.The humanistic educational methodology should conform to the psychological and s~ial characteristics of contemporary students.

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Scrotum

No abstract available.
Tenosynovitis*

No abstract available.
Chilaiditi Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Folliculitis ; Herpes Zoster ; Herpesvirus 3, Human