PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explore the effects of A-solution on halitosis and oral status in preoperative NPO patients. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group, non-synchronized pretest-posttest design was used in this study. The participants in this study were 66 patients who were admitted for gynecologic surgery. The experimental treatment was to give oral gargling with A-solution, blended essential oils and diluted with distilled water. To identify the experimental treatment effects, halitosis, salivary pH, and oral status were measured by a portable halitosis detector, visual analogue scale, Bromo Thymol Blue (BTB), Bromo Cresol Purple (BCP) test paper and oral assessment guide. Data were analyzed using chi2-test, t-test with PASW 18.0 version. RESULTS: Participants were homogeneous before experimental treatment. Objective halitosis in the experimental group, measured by a portable halitosis detector (t= -8.34, p<.001) was significantly lower than the control group. Subjective halitosis was significantly lower in the experimental group (t= -9.29, p<.001). Salivary pH was significantly different between two groups (t=8.81, p<.001). Oral status was significantly better in the experimental group (t= -13.31, p<.001). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that oral gargling using A-solution is effective in reducing patient halitosis, and improving oral status.
Adult ; Female ; Genital Diseases, Female/surgery ; Halitosis/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Middle Aged ; Mouthwashes/*therapeutic use ; Preoperative Care ; Saliva/chemistry

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify nursing interventions for the postpartum breast care of mothers and determine the effectiveness of interventions for breast pain and engorgement by systematic review. METHODS: Eight national and international databases were reviewed to retrieve and collect randomized controlled trial and controlled clinical trial literature published up to March 2015. Two reviewers independently selected the studies and performed data abstraction and validation. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane criteria. A meta-analysis of the studies was performed to analyze the data. RESULTS: The meta-analysis showed that breast massage, along with routine breast care, resulted in a 3.52-point reduction in pain on a 10-point visual analogue scale. Meta-analysis of therapy with cold cabbage leaves and routine breast care showed a pain reduction of 0.54 points. Meta-analysis of cold cabbage leaf application in the experimental group versus cold compress therapy in the comparison group showed a pain reduction of 0.44 points. Meta-analysis of cold cabbage leaf application and routine breast care showed an engorgement reduction of 0.67 points. CONCLUSION: The results of the analysis of 12 articles showed that hot and cold compresses, breast massage, and cabbage application were effective for postpartum breast pain and engorgement.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Brassica ; Breast ; Humans ; Massage ; Mastodynia ; Mothers ; Nursing ; Postpartum Period

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to examine aromatherapy interventions for prenatal and postnatal women, and to determine the effectiveness of these interventions on fatigue. Methods: Six national and international databases were reviewed to retrieve and collect studies published up to September 7, 2021, describing randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials of aromatherapy interventions for prenatal and postnatal women’s fatigue. Of the 323 articles initially identified, 64 duplicates were excluded and 259 were screened. After further excluding 216 articles not related to PICO framework, 10 were selected for review. Two reviewers independently selected studies and conducted data extraction and quality appraisal using Cochran’s RoB (Risk of Bias) and RoBANS (Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-randomized Studies). Results: The quality of the 10 selected studies was overall satisfactory. A meta-analysis of three studies showed that aromatherapy with lavender oil? produced a 0.75-point reduction in postnatal mothers’ fatigue when compared to control groups. Sleep quality was also analyzed as a secondary outcome of fatigue. A meta-analysis of four studies using lavender and/or orange peel oil found that aromatherapy produced a 0.98-point improvement in postnatal mothers’ quality of sleep. Although a meta-analysis could not be conducted to synthesize the findings for fatigue in pregnant women, inhalation and massage therapy using lavender oil showed positive effects on prenatal fatigue and sleep quality. Conclusion Aromatherapy using lavender oil and orange peel oil is effective in improving prenatal and postnatal fatigue and sleep quality.

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the mediating effect of happiness on the relationship between gratitude disposition and psychological well-being among nurses working at general hospitals. Methods: The participants were 200 nurses working at general hospitals. A structured questionnaire was administered, and data were collected from November 20, 2020 to December 10, 2020. Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear regression with SPSS for Windows 25.0. Results: Gratitude disposition (β=.62, p<.001) and happiness (β=.66, p<.001) were identified as significant predictors of the psychological well-being of clinical nurses. These variables explained 64% of the variance in nurse’s psychological well-being. Moreover, happiness had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between gratitude disposition and psychological well-being. Conclusion In order to improve the psychological well-being of clinical nurses, an emotion management program related to gratitude disposition and happiness should be developed and provided.

Purpose: This study attempted to identify the extent of career anchors, professional self-concept, and work values among nursing students, as well as to provide a basis for developing educational programs to help nursing students make appropriate career decisions based on the results of the analysis of the relationship between professional self-concept and work values according to the type of career anchors. Methods: This descriptive survey study was conducted to determine the effect of career anchor type on nursing students' self-concept of the nursing profession and work values. The data collection period extended from December 1 to December 31, 2023, and the collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. Results: The results showed that technical/functional, service/commitment, and entrepreneur anchors had significant effects on nursing professional self-concept, with an explanatory power of 28.7%. The results showed that technical/functional, autonomy/independence, and service/ commitment anchors had significant effects on work values, with an explanatory power of 33.9%. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that career anchor types should be identified and customized educational programs should be developed for nursing students to develop positive professional self-concept and work values.

Purpose: This study attempted to identify the extent of career anchors, professional self-concept, and work values among nursing students, as well as to provide a basis for developing educational programs to help nursing students make appropriate career decisions based on the results of the analysis of the relationship between professional self-concept and work values according to the type of career anchors. Methods: This descriptive survey study was conducted to determine the effect of career anchor type on nursing students' self-concept of the nursing profession and work values. The data collection period extended from December 1 to December 31, 2023, and the collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. Results: The results showed that technical/functional, service/commitment, and entrepreneur anchors had significant effects on nursing professional self-concept, with an explanatory power of 28.7%. The results showed that technical/functional, autonomy/independence, and service/ commitment anchors had significant effects on work values, with an explanatory power of 33.9%. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that career anchor types should be identified and customized educational programs should be developed for nursing students to develop positive professional self-concept and work values.

Purpose: This study attempted to identify the extent of career anchors, professional self-concept, and work values among nursing students, as well as to provide a basis for developing educational programs to help nursing students make appropriate career decisions based on the results of the analysis of the relationship between professional self-concept and work values according to the type of career anchors. Methods: This descriptive survey study was conducted to determine the effect of career anchor type on nursing students' self-concept of the nursing profession and work values. The data collection period extended from December 1 to December 31, 2023, and the collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. Results: The results showed that technical/functional, service/commitment, and entrepreneur anchors had significant effects on nursing professional self-concept, with an explanatory power of 28.7%. The results showed that technical/functional, autonomy/independence, and service/ commitment anchors had significant effects on work values, with an explanatory power of 33.9%. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that career anchor types should be identified and customized educational programs should be developed for nursing students to develop positive professional self-concept and work values.

PURPOSE: This study was a systematic review to evaluate the effects of aromatherapy on menopausal symptoms, perceived stress and depression in middle aged-women. METHODS: Eight databases were searched from their inception September 8, 2015. Two reviewers independently performed the selection of the studies, data abstraction and validations. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane criteria. For analysis of the data, a meta-analysis of the studies was performed. RESULTS: From the electronic databases, 73 articles were selected, and 19 removed due to duplication. After two reviewers read the abstracts of 54 studies, 34 studies were selected. Complete papers for 34 original articles were read and, 12 studies which met selection criteria were reviewed and the effects of aromatherapy on menopausal symptoms, stress and depression analyzed using meta-analysis with RevMan. In the 2 studies which included Randomized Controlled Trials testing of aromatherapy on menopausal symptoms and comparison of control and placebo groups were done. Aromatherapy massage was favorably effective in reducing the menopausal symptoms compared to the control group (n=118, MD=-6.33; 95% CI -11.51 to -1.15), and compared to the placebo group (n=117, MD=-4.14; 95% CI -7.63 to -0.64). Also aromatherapy was effective in reducing stress (n=72, SMD=-0.64; 95% CI -1.12 to -0.17) and depression (n=158, MD=-5.63; 95% CI -10.04 to -1.22). CONCLUSION: There is limited evidence suggesting that aromatherapy for middle-aged women may be effective in controlling menopausal symptoms, perceived stress and depression.
Aromatherapy* ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Depression* ; Female ; Humans ; Massage ; Menopause ; Patient Selection

PURPOSE: This study is an explorative survey to examine emotional labor, stress, and premenstrual syndrome among hospital nurses and to examine relationships among them. METHODS: Data were collected from 228 nurses working at hospitals using structured questionnaires from September to October, 2014. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 by frequency, descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Score of emotional labor was different by work time per week (F=4.03, p=.019), and menstrual amount (F=5.18, p=.006). Level of stress was different by marital status (t=2.29, p=.023), pattern of work (t=-3.63, p<.001), work time per week (F=3.39, p=.035), regularity of menstrual cycle (t=-4.20, p<.001), and exercise frequency (F=4.28, p=.015). Scores of premenstrual syndrome were different by regularity of menstrual cycle (t=-3.18, p=.002), and menstrual amount (F=5.88, p=.003). Emotional labor was related with perceived stress (r=.40, p<.001) and premenstrual syndrome (r=.23, p<.001). Also, perceived stress was related with premenstrual syndrome (r=.33, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Nurses' emotional labor, stress, and premenstrual syndrome were higher than the average. Emotional labor was correlated with stress and premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual syndrome with stress. This study shows that it is necessary to understand these relationships and to search for nursing intervention to ease emotional labor, stress, and premenstrual syndrome.
Female ; Marital Status ; Menstrual Cycle ; Nursing ; Premenstrual Syndrome*

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) has been known to occur in immunocompromised patients, but has been rarely reported in immunocompetent patients. In immunocompetent patients, pulmonary fungal infections are not initially considered. This results in diagnosis and treatment delays, as well as poor prognosis. We report a case and serial CT findings of IPA in an immunocompetent 29-year-old male after congenital heart disease surgery.