Purpose To estimate and discuss the feasibility of the threshold value of the internal tumor volume (ITV) of lung cancer based on the standardized uptake value (SUV) of the background.Materials and Methods The phantom was designed with 3 vacuous models fixed at the bottom of a barrel. The 3 vacuous models were filled with18F-FDG (55.0 kBq/ml) which represented a tumor and the barrel was filled with18F-FDG (5.9 kBq/ml), which represented the background of the lung. The barrel moved sinusoidally with distances of 10.9 mm, 21.8 mm, and 43.7 mm to simulate breathing, and then the phantom 2D PET/CT data were acquired. The SUV in the background was recorded as ±SD, and+3SD was regarded as threshold value to obtain the measured ITVs. The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and volume recovery coefficient (VRC) were used to evaluate the accuracy of the ITVs measured by seven methods, including that by SUV 2.5, 35% SUVmax, 41% SUVmax, a×mSUV70+b×, 0.42×(SUVmax+) and Riegel et al. computed threshold value followed the gross tumor volume, tumor-to-nontumor ratio and motion extent.Results Nine ITVs of three lung cancer models were 134.3 ml, 166.1 ml, 223.5 ml, 86.6 ml, 108.5 ml, 150.7 ml, 32.3 ml, 43.8 ml and 63.6 ml, respectively. The ITV measured by Riegel et al. showed no difference with the real ITV (t=-0.48,P>0.05). The ITVs measured by the other six methods were significantly different from the real ITVs (t=-5.11-2.76,P<0.05). The DSC of the ITV measured by+3SD and the method of Riegel et al. were 0.75-0.92 and 0.69-0.93, respectively; and the VRC were 0.82-0.97 and 0.74-0.96, respectively (differences without significance:t=-0.73,P>0.05). Moreover, they surpassed the results of the other five methods.Conclusion The threshold value (+3SD) of the SUV determined by the background has potential value in the description of the ITV of lung cancer, so as to provide reference for radiotherapy.

Objective To observe the effects of Ganmai Yangxin Decoction on the expression glutamate system in hippocampus of rats with depression;To discuss its mechanism for the treatment of depression.Methods Totally 40 SPF grade SD rats were randomly divided into blank group and modeling group,chronic unpredictable mild stress method was used to establish a depression model.Successfully modeling rats were randomly divided into model group,fluoxetine group and Ganmai Yangxin Decoction group,with 8 rats in each group.The rats in Ganmai Yangxin Decoction group were gavaged with 7.67 g/kg decoction,the fluoxetine group was gavaged with 10 mg/kg fluoxetine,and the blank group and model group were gavaged with 10 mL/kg normal saline,for 4 weeks.and modeling continued while administering the medication.Sucrose preference experiments and forced swimming experiments were used to evaluate the depression status of rats,ELISA was used to detect glutamate content in hippocampal tissue,Nissl staining was used to observe the morphology of neurons in hippocampal CA3 region,immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of GFAP protein in hippocampal CA3 region,Western blot was used to detect the expressions of EAAT1,EAAT2,EAAT3,VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 protein in hippocampal tissue,RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of EAAT1,EAAT2 and EAAT3 in hippocampal tissue.Results Compared with the blank group,the body mass of the model group rats decreased(P<0.01),sucrose preference rate decreased,forced swimming immobility time increased(P<0.01),and glutamate content in hippocampal tissue increased(P<0.01),the number of neurons in hippocampal CA3 region decreased,with irregular arrangement and structure changed,the number of Nissl bodies decreased,and the positive expression of GFAP in hippocampal CA3 region decreased(P<0.01),the expressions of EAAT1,EAAT2,EAAT3 protein and mRNA,and VGLUT1 protein in hippocampal tissue decreased(P<0.01),while the expression of VGLUT2 protein increased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the Ganmai Yangxin Decoction group and the fluoxetine group showed an increase in body mass(P<0.05),an increase in sucrose preference rate,and a reduction in forced swimming immobility time(P<0.01),and the glutamate content in hippocampal tissue decreased(P<0.01),the number of neurons in the hippocampal CA3 region increased,the structure improved,and there were more Nissl bodies,the positive expression of GFAP in hippocampal CA3 region increased(P<0.01),the expressions of EAAT1,EAAT2,EAAT3 protein and mRNA,and VGLUT1 protein in hippocampal tissue increased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Ganmai Yangxin Decoction can improve depression-like behavior in rats,and its mechanism of action is related to up-regulating the expression of glutamate transporters,increasing the number of astrocytes,and reducing glutamate content in hippocampus.

Objective To explore the influence of dexmedetomidine combined with sufentanil on postoperative analgesia effect and immune function for patients undergoing lower limb fracture surgery. Methods One hundred cases patients of lower limb fracture undergoing open reduction and internal fixation of elective surgery in our hospital from January 2016 to November 2016 were selected ( ASAⅠ-Ⅱgrade, male 51 cases and female 49 cases, 30-65 years old, 50-75 kg). All cases were randomly divided into sufentanil group (Group S) and dexmedetomidine combined with sufentanil group (Group DS) according to the random number table, who used patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA). The PCIA drug formulations of two groups were as followings: sufentanil group (Group S) used 3 μg/h sufentanil+ondansetron 16 mg, dissolved in 0.9%sodium chloride injection 100 ml;dexmedetomidine combined with sufentanil group (Group DS) used dexmedetomidine 0.1μg/(kg · h)+sufentanil 2μg/h+ondansetron 16 mg, dissolved in 0.9%sodium chloride injection 100 ml;background infusion rate was 2 ml/h, and loading dose was 2 ml. Dose for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) was 0.5 ml, and locking time was 15 min. The changes of pain, MAP, HR , sedation scores were recorded at 4 h (T1), 8 h (T2), 24 h (T3) and 48 h (T4) after operation; nausea and vomiting, hypotension, bradycardia, respiratory depression and other adverse reactions were aslo recorded at the same time. At 10 min before induction of anesthesia (T0) and T1-T4 after operation, the CD3+, CD4+, CD8+and NK cell activity of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets were determined using flow cytometry, and CD4 +/CD8 + ratio was calculated. Results The levels of MAP and HR in DS group at each time point after operation were lower than those in group S (P<0.05), the level of visual analogue score (VAS) in DS group at different time points were significantly lower than those of s group: (1.8 ± 0.3) scores vs. (2.5 ± 0.5) scores, (1.1 ± 0.5) scores vs. (1.9 ± 0.3) scores, (1.0 ± 0.5) scores vs. (1.8 ± 0.5) scores, (0.8 ± 0.3) scores vs. (1.5 ± 0.6) scores (P < 0.05), Ramsay Sedation score was significantly higher than that of s group: (3.5 ± 0.3) scores vs. (2.4 ± 0.6) scores, (3.3 ± 0.5) scores vs. (2.5 ± 0.3) scores, (3.5 ± 0.6) scores vs. (2.3 ± 0.5) scores, (3.2 ± 0.4) scores vs. (2.2 ± 0.5)scores (P<0.05);nausea and vomiting occurred in two patients after the operation of group DS , which was significantly lower than that of S group (P<0.05);compared with those at T0, CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+and NK cells in the two groups of patients decreased significantly at the time of T1-T4 (P<0.05);The levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+and NK cells were significantly higher in group DS at T1- T4 than those in group S(P < 0.05). Conclusions Dexmedetomidine combined with sufentanil for analgesia in patients with lower limb fracture surgery has better effect. It decreases the incidence of nausea and vomiting, and improves the cellular immune function of patients.

Based on participatory idea, we constructed a novelty model of participatory health edu-cation, which was based on participatory research as the module, participatory role-playing as the core mod-ule, participatory review as enhanced module (abbreviation to as "3-PR"). We applied it to pre-selected health officer health promotion activities, and randomized controlled trials were designed. The results showed that "3-PR" model of participatory health education might be more effective in promoting health literacy than conventional health education methods. "3-PR" health education model has the advantages of participation, practicality, fun and flexibility, integration and education, which has certain reference signifi-cance for exploring health education methods and improving the health of the whole people.

Objective We aimed to investigate(i)the preventive and therapeutic effects of Huogu Muli Prescription(HGMLP),a Chinese medical compound consisting of epimedii folium,drynariae rhizoma,and ostreae concha,on postmenopausal osteoporosis(PMOP)rats and(ii)whether it exerts its effects by regulating the osteoclast-osteogenesis balance.Methods Forty-eight female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following six groups:(i)the sham-operated group,(ii)the model group,(iii)the Qianggu Capsule group,(iv)the calcium carbonate group,and(v,vi)the HGMLP low-dose and high-dose groups(n = 8 rats per group).After adaptive feeding,rats in all groups except the sham-operated group were treated with bilateral ovarian castration to establish the PMOP model.Each day,rats in the Qianggu Capsule group received 0.054 g/kg Qianggu Capsule suspension intragastrically,rats in the calcium carbonate group received 1.670 g/kg calcium carbonate suspension intragastrically,and rats in the HGMLP low-dose and high-dose groups received 0.188 g/kg and 0.375 g/kg HGMLP intragastrically.Rats in the sham-operated group and the model group received an equal volume of normal saline intragastrically.After 90 consecutive days,serum estradiol(E2),estrogen receptor α(ERα),procollagen typeⅠN propeptide(PINP),and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b(TRACP-5b)were detected by ELISA.Total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and malondialdehyde(MDA)levels were measured by colorimetry.Bone mineral density(BMD),trabecular number(Tb.N),trabecular separation/spacing(Tb.Sp),trabecular thickness(Tb.Th),and structure model index(SMI)were measured by Micro-CT,and the microstructure of cancellous bone was observed.The expressions of osteoprotegerin(OPG),receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB(RANK),RANK ligand(RANKL),phosphorylation of forkhead box O3(FoxO3α),Wnt2,β-catenin,and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPARγ)in rat femur tissue were detected by Western blotting.Results(i)The serum levels of E2 and ERα increased in the Qianggu Capsule group and HGMLP groups,compared with the model group(all P<0.05).(ii)Compared with the model group,the serum levels of PINP,TRACP-5b decreased and PINP/TRACP-5b increased in both the Qianggu Capsule group and HGMLP high-dose group(all P<0.05).(iii)The activities of T-AOC,AOD,and CAT in the Qianggu Capsule group and HGMLP groups were higher than those in the model group,while the content of MDA lower(all P<0.05).(iv)Compared with the model group,the femoral BMD,Tb.Th,and Tb.N increased in the Qianggu Capsule group and HGMLP groups,while the femoral Tb.Sp and SMI decreased(all P<0.05);the femoral BMD increased and the Tb.Sp decreased in the calcium carbonate group(all P<0.05).(v)The protein expressions of RANKL,RANK,FoxO3α,and PPARγ in the Qianggu Capsule group and HGMLP groups were lower than those in the model group,while the protein expressions of OPG,Wnt2,and β-catenin were higher(all P<0.05).Conclusion HGMLP can significantly increase estrogen levels,inhibit osteoclast differentiation,and inhibit bone resorption in the PMOP rats.It also alleviates oxidative stress,promotes osteogenic differentiation,inhibits lipogenic differentiation,improves bone formation,and recovers the balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts,thus achieving prevention and treatment of PMOP.The potential mechanism of HGMLP may be related to regulation via the OPG/RANKL/RANK or FoxO3α/Wnt2/β-catenin/PPARγ pathways.

Objective:To observe the effect of Sanghuang Tongxie Prescription on mitophagy in hippocampus of diabetic depression rats.Methods:Totally 32 SD rats were divided into control group, model group, metformin group and Sanghuang Tongxie Prescription group according to random number table method, with 8 rats in each group. The model of diabetic depression rats with depression was established by streptozotocin (STZ), high-fat diet and chronic unpredictable mild stress except control group. Metformin group was given metformin 100 mg/kg, Sanghuang Tongxie Prescription group was given Sanghuang Tongxie Prescription suspension 5.7 g/kg, control group and model group were given the same volume of normal saline by gavage, once a day for 12 weeks. After administration, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2 hPG) and sucrose preference rate were measured after treatment; the expressions of PINK-1, Parkin, P62, Beclin-1 and LC3 2/1 were detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with the model group, the expressions of FPG and PG2h in Sanghuang Tongxie Prescription group decreased ( P<0.01), and the sucrose preference rate increased ( P<0.01); the expressions of PINK-1, Parkin, P62, Beclin-1 and LC3 2/1 in hippocampus decreased ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Diabetic rats are accompanied by varying degrees of pleasure loss and depressive state. Sanghuang Tongxie Prescription can improve the depressive state of rats. Its mechanism may be related to down-regulating the level of mitochondrial autophagy in the hippocampus and improving mitochondrial function.

Objective:To observe the protective effects of Zhiganqing Prescription on the liver of C57BL/6J non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mice induced by high fat diet and its effects on PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway, insulin resistance (IR) and gluconogenesis.Methods:A total of 48 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into control group ( n=8) and modeling group ( n=40) according to random number table method. The control group was fed with ordinary diet, and the model group was fed with high-fat diet. The NAFLD model was established after 8 weeks of feeding. The modeling group was divided into model group, Pioglitazone group, Zhiganqing Prescription low-, medium-, and high-dosage group ( n=8 in each group) according to random number table method, and drug intervention lasted for 8 weeks. The body mass of mice was measured regularly during administration. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were measured at 0 and 8 weeks of administration, and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were conducted. After the experiment, serum levels of GPT, GOT, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, FINS and C-P were detected and HOMA-IR was calculated. The pathological morphology of liver was observed by HE and PAS staining. The expression levels of PI3K and p-Akt were detected by IHC staining. The protein expression levels of PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, FoxO1, p-FoxO1, G6PC and PCK1 were detected by Western blot. Results:Compared with model group, the body weight of mice in each administration group decreased at 4, 6 and 8 weeks ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). At the 8th week of administration, the levels of FBG and OGTT AUC in each administration group decreased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01), the levels of GPT, TC, TG and LDL-C decreased ( P<0.01), and the GOT levels in Zhiganqing Prescription medium- and high-dosage groups decreased ( P<0.01). The HDL-C level in Zhiganqing Prescription medium-dosage group decreased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the HOMA-IR level in Zhiganqing Prescription low- and medium-dosage groups decreased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). The levels of FINS and C-P in each administration group increased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the expressions of PI3K protein and p-Akt/Akt, p-FoxO1 /FoxO1 protein in liver tissues increased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). The protein expressions of G6PC and PCK1 decreased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion:Zhiganqing Prescription can effectively control the body mass, blood glucose, liver function and blood lipids of NAFLD mice, improve IR and gluconeogenesis, the mechanism of which may be related to the activation of PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway.

Objective:To establish an antimony cerium catalytic spectrophotometric method for determination of iodine in water (referred to as the new method).Methods:Using the fading reaction principle of iodine catalyzed kinetics of antimony cerium to determine the iodine content in water. Methodological evaluations were conducted on the linear relationship, quantitative detection limit, precision, and accuracy (determination of national water iodine first level standard substances GBW09113f, GBW09114f, and addition recovery experiments) of the new method within the range of 0 to 100 μg/L iodine mass concentration. And the method was compared with the determination results of water iodine by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry recommended by the national iodine reference laboratory (NRL).Results:Within the range of 0 - 100 μg/L iodine mass concentration, the curve correlation coefficient of the new method was greater, and | r| > 0.999 0, and the quantitative detection limit was 0.15 μg/L (the sampling volume was 1 ml), the relative standard deviation of the detection precision of water samples with low, medium and high iodine mass concentrations were less than 2%. The new method had determined the average values of national water iodine first level standard substances GBW09113f and GBW09114f were 8.32 and 54.54 μg/L, respectively, all within the standard value range. The recovery range of standard addition was 92.6% - 99.2%, and the total average recovery was 96.4%. Compared with the NRL recommended method, the difference was not statistically significant ( t = 0.99, P > 0.05). Conclusion:The new method does not require the use of highly toxic substance arsenic trioxide, has high reaction sensitivity and accuracy, and is suitable for the promotion and use of water iodine detection.

Objective:To study the application of ammonium cerium sulfate spectrophotometry for determination of iodide in water.Methods:Ammonium cerium sulfate spectrophotometry was used to determine the iodine content of tap water and source water in the range of 0 - 20 and 0 - 200 μg/L iodine concentration. The effect of the method was verified in terms of linear range, detection limit, precision and accuracy.Results:In the range of 0 - 20 and 0 - 200 μg/L iodine concentration, the absolute values of linear correlation coefficients were > 0.999 0; the detection limits were 0.18 and 1.02 μg/L, respectively; the coefficient of variation of low, medium and high iodine concentrations in tap water and source water was less than 5%. In the range of 0 - 20 μg/L iodine concentration, the spiked recovery rates of tap water and source water were 90.33% - 110.46% and 92.21% - 102.82%, respectively; in the range of 0 - 200 μg/L iodine concentration, the spiked recovery rates of tap water and source water were 90.14% - 102.62% and 91.36% - 106.18%, respectively. The national first level standard materials GBW09113g and GBW09114g were tested, and the results of water iodine determination were within the given range of the standard materials.Conclusion:Ammonium cerium sulfate spectrophotometry has a wide linear range, high accuracy, and good precision, making it suitable for widespread application in grassroots areas.

Objective:To explore the regulatory effect of Suaeda salsa on renal apoprosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) and macrophage polarization in diabetes kidney disease (DKD) model rats.Methods:A DKD rat model was established using a high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The rats were divided into model group, metformin group, and Suaeda salsa high-, medium-, and low-dosage groups using a random number table method, with 8 mice in each group. The normal group was set with 8 rats in this group. The metformin group was given 85.71 mg/kg of metformin solution by gavage, while the Suaeda salsa high-, medium-, and low-dosage groups were given 3.08, 1.54, and 0.77 g/kg of Suaeda salsa suspension by gavage (raw dosage). The normal group and model group were given equal volumes of saline by gavage, once a day, administered by gavage for 12 weeks of intervention. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glucose tolerance (OGTT) were measured, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated; the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and glycosylated serum protein (GSP) were detected; urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), and 24-hour urine protein (24 hUP) were detected; HE staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of the kidneys; Masson and PAS staining were used to observe renal tissue fibrosis; Western blot method was used for detecting AIM, CD206, CD86, TNF-α and IL-10 protein levels in renal tissue; Immunofluorescence was used to detect the average optical density values of AIM, CD206, and CD86 proteins in renal tissue.Results:Compared with the model group, the FBG, OGTT AUC, HbA1c, GSP of each dosage group of Suaeda salsa decreased ( P<0.01); the expression levels of AIM, CD206, and IL-10 proteins in renal tissue increased ( P<0.01 or P<0.05), while the expression levels of CD86 and TNF-α protein significantly decreased ( P<0.01 or P<0.05); HE, Masson, and PAS staining results showed that compared with the model group, the changes in renal microvasculature and renal fibrosis of rats in each dosage group of Suaeda salsa were improved. Conclusion:Suaeda salsa may regulate AIM, promote polarization of M2 macrophages, improve the inflammatory microenvironment of macrophages, thereby lowering blood lipids of DKD rats, and improving renal pathological damage.