Posterior urethral valve is the most common obstructive abnormality in male children affecting both Kidneys and likely arise from maldevelopment of the mesonephric duct. We report a case of posterior urethral valve in 4 year old male child with brief review of literature.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Kidney ; Male ; Wolffian Ducts

BACKGROUND: Diet and weight concerns are commonplace and almost accepted features of life for girls during adolescence. Until recently, younger age groups haue largely been ignored, as these concerns were thought to be a product of pubertal development and sexual maturity. Girls under the age of fifteen therefore, have been assumed to be free of the pressures experienced by adult women. However, this belief is now hard to sustain. The object of the present study was to investigate the self-perception and body shape satisfaction in different weight categories of boys and girls aged 12-years old in Korea. METHODS: In May, 1995, one hundred and sixty seven boys and one hundred and twenty girls from two schools in Seoul completed assessments of body-esteem, self-esteem, body shape preference. The children's body weight and height were also measured. RESULTS: The heaviest children expressed the most discontent, having a low body-esteem, a desire for thinness. By the age of 12, girls boys already differ in their body shape satisfaction and differ in their body shape aspirations. There was a significant effect of weight category on the children's body esteem(boys(P =.005), girls(P=.0001). Children in both extreme categories, under-and over-weight, had lower body-esteem scores than those in other weight categories. However, it was the overweight children who had the lowest. reported body-esteem. Body esteem was highest among girls in the 'slightly underweight' category and highest among boys on the 'average weight' category. There was no effects of either weight category or gender on the childrens appraisal of self-esteem. A comparison of the points chosen on the silhouette scales to reflect current and preferred body shapes revealed clear gender differences. Of the girls, 63% placed their preferred body shape at a point thinner than their currently perceived shape, while only 15% chose a broader figure. In contrast,, 41% of the boys rated their preferred figure as broader than their current perception, and 37% as thinner than their current perception. CONCLUSIONS: This study has noted a relationship between body weight and self-perception in 12-year old children. The heaviest children expressed low body-esteem, a desire for thinness. This pattern was more characteristic of girls than boys. Even at this age, well before they have completed physical maturation, girls are aspiring to a body shape which is thinner than their average. This discontent experienced by the heaviest children on this sample was apparent in their lower body-esteem and the distance between their current and preferred body shapes. The girls preference was for thinness, while in the boys it was for a body shape which was broader than their current shape. From their responses, it would appear that the boys' desire was not for fatness, but for a more athletic and muscular build.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aspirations (Psychology) ; Body Weight ; Child* ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Overweight ; Self Concept ; Seoul ; Sports ; Thinness ; Weights and Measures

No abstract available.
Glycoproteins* ; Histamine* ; Rhinitis*

No Abstract Available.
Cadaver* ; Humans* ; Spinal Cord* ; Spine*

Patient with osseous metastatic prostatic cancer can clinically be detected by bone scanning, which usually is sensitive and qualitative but is not specific and quantitative. For quantitative evaluation of skeletal lesions, we measured bone mineral density (BMD) in whole body, total spine and lumbar spine. All patients also were assessed with bone radiography, radionuclide bone scan, prostate specific antigen (PSA), and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). We compared mainly bone scan and BMD in monitoring tumor response between before hormonal treatment and 6 month after hormonal treatment. Fifteen patients with stage D2 prostate cancer and 25 controls were entered in this study. Of 8 patients whose scan showed response in 12 patients with metastatic lumbar spine lesion, they had either 7 responded or 1 unchanged BMD level in the lumbar spine. Of 9 patients whose scan showed response in 15 patients with metastatic total spine lesion, they had either 6 responded or 3 unchanged BMD level in the total spine. The alterations of BMD levels in total spine and lumbar spine closely correlated with the therapeutic responses assessed by the National Prostatic Cancer Project Criteria of bone scintigraphy in patients with prostatic cancer (spine: r=0.04, p<0.05; lumbar: r=0.1, p<0.05). In contrast, BMD changes in whole body (response rate: 20.0%, P<0.05) was less than that in total spin (response rate: 53.3%, P<0.01) and lumbar spine (response rate: 58.3%, P<0.01). In conclusion, when compare BMD to the hot spot region in bone scan, BMD may be helpful to the urologist for the accuracy of the staging and evaluation of the treatment response to androgen deprivation therapy in metastatic prostate cancer.
Acid Phosphatase ; Bone Density ; Densitometry* ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Humans ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Radiography ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Spine

Deliberately induced hypotension reduces bleeding in operative fields, therby facilitating the surgical manipulation of a highly vascularized lesion and enabling a better dissection to be made. Hypocapnia is a technique by which the regional cerebral blood flow is reduced, effecting a decrease in the intracranial volume. The monitoring of end-tidal CO2 tension(PECO2) is widely done since the amount of end-tidal CO2 tension reflects indirectly the value of the degree of arterial CO2 tension(PaCO2). During hypotension, increased physiologic dead space my produce the widened PaCO2-PECO2 gradient and this large gradient makes PECO2 an unreliable indication of PaCO2. There are many reports on hypotensive agents and techniques. Induced hypotension with halothane has been reported to be a relatively safe and useful method by Murtagh(1960) and Schettini, et al (1967). We reported 100 cases of halothane induce hypotensive anesthesia for intracranial aneurysm surgery in 1979. The present study reports concerning the hypotensive anesthesia for 259 cases of intracranial aneurysm surgery, which were performed at Severance Hospital of the Yonsei University College of Medicine from 1972 to 1985. We evaluated prospectively the PaCO2-PECO2 gradient with modern infrared capnographs during the induced hypotension of 25 cases, which was performed for intracranial aneurysm surgery at this hospital. The result of the retrospective and prostpective studies were as follows. A. Retrospective study 1) Halothane and enflurane were used as the primary anesthetics in 246 and 13 cases, respectively. Hydralasine, nitroprusside, and trimetaphan were supplementarily used for inducing hypotension in 29, 19 and 15 cases, respectively. 2) The mean arterial blood pressure of the lowest blood pressure in the induced hypotension group was 57.2+/-9.3 mmHg, and the mean arterial blood pressure of the highest blood pressures during the induction fo anesthesia was 111.3+/-20.8mmHg. 3) There was no significant difference in the perioperative hemoglobins, hematocrits, and serum electrolytes. 4) In the introperative period gas analysis revealed respiratory alkalosis(arterial CO2 tension and pH were 29.7+/-6.7mmHg and 7.485+/-0.078, respectively). In other values there was no significant change. 5) The mortality rate in 259 cases of intracranial aneurysm surgery was 6.2%. B. Prospective study There was no significant difference in the PaCO2-PECO2 gradients between in the hypotensive period (5.5+/-3.8 mmHg) and in the normotensiveperiod(4.3+/-3.4mmHg). In conclusion, the technique of using induced hypotension with the inhalation anesthetics, halothane or enflurane, is a safe and useful one to use in performing surgery for intracranial aneurysm, and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension can be used as an indirect measure of arterial carbon dioxide during the induced hypotension.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthetics ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Carbon Dioxide ; Electrolytes ; Enflurane ; Halothane ; Hematocrit ; Hemorrhage ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypocapnia ; Hypotension ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Mortality ; Nitroprusside ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Trimethaphan

PURPOSE: This research was aimed at evaluating the differences in depression by skinfold thickness, and the relationship between two variables. METHODS: Research design was a non-experimental descriptive survey. Using a caliper, we measured skinfold thickness on the triceps, and then on the suprailiac, and the mid-thigh. Depression was evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (GDS-SF). Data were collected for one month from Sept 1st to 30th, 2011. There were 52 subjects, 25 of which were from elderly welfare centers and 27 were hospitalized. RESULTS: Subjects were an average age of 76.4+/-4.45, and the incidence rate of depression (> or =6) was 36.5% and those who had a sum of 3 skinfolds over 62 mm were 22.7%. The GDS-SF was significantly different in only the suprailiac skinfold thickness (F=7.25, p<.05). CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that depression is different based on suprailiac thickness in older adult women at elderly welfare centers and those who were hospitalized in an medical ward. It suggests that the suprailiac skinfold may be an indicator of abdominal obesity when considering depression in elderly women. Further study is needed to evaluate a cutoff score of skinfold thickness in obesity for older adult women.
Adult* ; Aged ; Depression* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Obesity ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Research Design ; Skinfold Thickness*

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Ovary*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of proximal femoral nail in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors investigated the classificaton of fracture, operation time, the amount of intraoperative and postoperative bleeding, the amount of transfusion, postoperative ambulation status, bone union time and the complication among 45 cases who were treated with proximal femoral nail from Jan. 2001 to June 2002. RESULTS: The mean operation time was 116 minutes, and the amount of bleeding was 524 ml in average. The amount of intraoperative transfusion was 1.4 pints and that of postoperative transfusion was 1.1 pints. The complications were the intraoperative penetration of antirotational screw through the femoral neck in 2 cases, separation of the fracture fragment while inserting the nail in 4 cases, irritation of skin by retropulsion of antirotation screw in 2 cases, and penetration of antirotation screw through femoral head in 1 case. CONCLUSION: Proximal femoral nail was effective for the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture, however the surgeon should be carful about collision of the insertion handle against pelvis when the fracture line coincides with the insertion point of nail, especially in obese patients.
Femur ; Femur Neck ; Head ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Pelvis ; Skin ; Walking

Among developmental abnormalities of the upper urinary tracts, duplication of the upper urinary tract is a relatively common finding, while triplication of the pelvis and ureter is a rare finding. Furthermore, quadruplication of the upper urinary tract is exceedingly unusual. We present a case of unilateral incomplete quadruplicated ureter that was associated with ipsilateral ectopic ureteral orifice and renal dysplasia.
Pelvis ; Ureter* ; Urinary Tract