The goal of this study was to develop a method to measure the degree of hope of mothers whom their children have cancer. Data collection was held on 144 mothers who had their children diagnosed as cancer, and were treated in C hospital and S hospital located in Seoul. The data was collected from January to August of the year 1999, and collected data was then computerized for T-test, factor analysis and ANOVA. The results are as follows: 1) The measurement method used to measure the degree of hope was divided into 7 categories and composed of 35 questions in total. The level of confidence was 0.90. The 7 categories were named 'gaining insight into life' , 'realizing oneself's own role in life' , 'attempting a change in life' , 'taking in destiny' , 'having trust in the treatment being held out by the medical faculty' , 'recognizing or escaping from reality''obtaining support from religion' respectively. 2) The average score of mothers with cancer children was 3.22. The 6th category 'recognizing or escaping from reality' , had the highest score and the 1st category of 'gaining insight into life' the lowest. 3) The degree of hope did not have any differences according to the general characteristics of the children with cancer and the characteristics of the disease. However there was a difference following the characteristics of the mothers with cancer children. Mothers with jobs tend to have scored higher compared with mothers without any occupation.
Child* ; Data Collection ; Hope* ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Occupations ; Seoul ; United Nations ; Child Health

Mature cystic teratoma of the ovary is the most common ovarian germ cell neoplasm comprising (10-20%) of all ovarian tumors and almost always benign, but it can be developed into malignancy rarely. We have recently experienced one case of squamous cell carcinoma arising in mature cystic teratoma of the right ovary in 67-year-old postmenopausal woman. The ovarian tumor was measured 17x12.5x8 cm in size and had not intact capsule, and the peritoneal washing cytology was positive. The survival rate with cancerous dermoid is very poor. Neither of two forms of postoperative treatment (radiotherapy and chemotherapy) has any significant influence on survival. We report above case with a brief review of literature.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Dermoid Cyst ; Female ; Germ Cells ; Humans ; Ovary* ; Survival Rate ; Teratoma*

Primary ovarian pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy, and the prevalence rate is reported to be between 1/7,000 and 1/40,000 pregnancies. Ovarian pegnancy occurs within the ovary and on the corpus luteum, usually with rupture and massive bleeding. It is frequently misdiagnosed as a ruptured corpus luteum and the differentiation may be made only by micoroscopic examination of a tissue specimen. We have experienced four cases of ovarian pegnancy, which are presented with a brief review in the literature.
Corpus Luteum ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Ovary ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic* ; Prevalence ; Rupture

No abstract available.
Chickenpox* ; Child* ; Humans

Transglutaminase is an calcium depedent enzyme involved in various biological events such as cell growth and proliferation, apoptosis, fertilization, embryogenesis, and carcinogenesis. Biochemically it can be detected in many organs but no systemic in situ localization has been carried out so far. Here we report the immunohistochemical localization of TG1 in rat tissue using newly purificated polyclonal anti-goat traglutaminase 1 antibody. The presence of TG 1 can be demonstrated in the kidney, liver, spleen, lung, esophagus, trachea, small intestine, testis, cerebellum of the rat. The strong immunoreactivity can be demonstrated in proximal convoluted tubule and collecting duct of the kidney, central vein of the liver, esophagus of the lamina propria, epithelium and cartilage of the trachea., submucosa and Paneth cell of the small intestine, Purkinje cell of the cerebellum. Among organs, there was no relationship between the immunoreactivity and histologic similarity. The functional implications of these findings are presently unknown. However, based on its wide distribution of the tissue certain essential role of this enzyme in survival of organism may be suggested.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Calcium ; Carcinogenesis ; Cartilage ; Cerebellum ; Embryonic Development ; Epithelium ; Esophagus ; Female ; Fertilization ; Intestine, Small ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Mucous Membrane ; Pregnancy ; Rats* ; Spleen ; Testis ; Trachea ; Veins

Recently, an increasing number of bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaw(BRONJ) is being reported. A guideline has been already established in the US, but it does not seem to be fully recognized by clinicians in Korea. Therefore, a survey study was done to inform and have clinicians realize the seriousness of BRONJ. 1,341 practitioners were randomly selected out of 13,405 practitioners(by Feb of 2008, KDA) in Korea. A questionnaire was given to them between May to July in 2008. Questions were designed to investigate each respondent's experience term years in the clinic, occupation, speciality, awareness on risk of bisphosphonate, experience on treating osteonecrosis patients, awareness about the guideline on BRONJ suggested by AAOMS and whether if they ask about bisphosphonate medication history to patients before invasive treatment. 45.1% of the clinicians have reported on experiencing delayed healing on bone exposed site after extraction both in the maxilla and the mandible. However, clinicians have asked the patients whether if they are on bisphosphonate or not in only 15.1% of these cases. 56.5% of the clinicians simply knew about BRONJ but only 28.9% of the clinicians were aware that bisphosphonate can cause osteonecrosis after invasive dental treatment. Only 19.3% knew about the contents of guideline on BRONJ and 57.2% were aware of the seriousness of BRONJ. Clinicians with shorter clinical experience term were more aware of BRONJ and the guideline on BRONJ than the experienced clinicians. But awareness of the possibility of BRONJ after invasive dental treatment were about the same regardless of their clinical experience. The results show that Korean clinicians need to be more aware about BRONJ. Data on BRONJ cases in Korea should be collected and provided with additional education to let Korean clinicians know and be more aware about BRONJ
Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw ; Dentists ; Humans ; Korea ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Occupations ; Osteonecrosis ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to differentiate immature from mature ovarian teratomas, using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and to evaluate the MR imaging appearance of immature teratomas. METHODS: The patients with pathologic diagnosis of ovarian teratomas between January 1995 and December 2005 were restrospectively reviewed for clinicopathologic characteristics. RESULTS: Of the 787 patients studied, 773 (98.2%) patients were mature cystic teratomas and 14 (1.8%) patients were immature teratomas. Ten patients with immature teratoma (71.4%) were diagnosed preoperatively and 4 patients (28.6%) were diagnosed postoperatively. Preoperative MRI was performed in 4of 14 patients surgically proved immature teratomas. At MR imaging, the immature teratomas characteristically have a large, irregular solid component containing coarse calcifications and numerous variable-sized cysts. Small punctuate foci of fat help diagnosing these tumors. CONCLUSION: Preoperative MR imaging are relatively specific in the detection of immature teratomas. This suggests that preoperative MR imaging is helpful in differentiating immature from mature ovarian teratomas.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Ovary ; Teratoma*

To investigate fragile sites induced by aphidicolin which is a specific inhibitor of eukaryotic DNA polymerase a which is primarily associated with chromosomal DNA replication in human lymphocytes, HaCat cells (human keratinocytes) and MRC-5 cells (human embryonic lung fibroblast), we cultured each cells in RPMI 1640 with 10% fetal calf serum and 2% PHA. Treatment of the cells with aphidicolin was generally carried out for the last 24 hours of culturing. The drug was dissolved in DMSO and used at final concentrations of 0.05~0.15 mg/ml, corresponding to a maximum DMSO concentration of 0.028%. Karyotypes of each cells were performed by routine method, and 50 metaphases were scored for each culture for analysis of breakage rate. Experimental cells treated with APC showed a dose dependent sensitivity and the amounts of chromosome breakage induced by APC are the highest in concentration of 0.15 mg/ml. The frequency of fragile sites on each cells appeared in MRC-5 cells, lymphocytes and HaCat cells in order. The common fragile sites on all experiments was 16q23, and the common fragile sites on embryonic cells was 1p31. It can be concluded that gene or nucleic acid which is located on 16q23 is the most important factor to induce chromosomal breakage with sensitivity to aphidicolin and 1p31 is important site to induce chromosomal breakage in embryonal cells.
Aphidicolin* ; Chromosome Breakage ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; DNA ; DNA Replication ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Lung ; Lymphocytes* ; Metaphase

Transglutaminase is an calcium dependent enzyme involved in various biological events such as cell growth and proliferation, apoptosis, fertilization, embryogenesis, and carcinogenesis. Biochemically it can be detected in many organs but no systemic in situ localization has been carried out so far. In the present study we report the immuno-histochemical localization of TG1, 2, 3 in rat kidney tissue using newly purificated polyclonal anti-goat traglutaminase 1 and anti-rabbit polyclonal transglutaminase 2 or 3 antibody. The results are as follows 1. The presence of transglutaminase 1, 2 and 3 was demonstrated in the both renal cortex and renal medulla of the rat. Although the in situ localization patterns were very similar, strength of the immunoreactivity was different; transglutaminase 1, 2, 3 in order. 2. More strong immunoreactivity for transglutaminase 1, 2, 3 were detected in the renal tubule than the renal glomerulus. 3. The strong immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the capsule, brush border of proximal convoluted tubule and collecting duct and thin limb of Henle's loop. The functional implications of these findings are presently unknown. However, based on its wide distribution in the renal tubule, certain essential role of these enzymes in maintaining the electrolytes balance may be suggested.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Calcium ; Carcinogenesis ; Electrolytes ; Embryonic Development ; Extremities ; Female ; Fertilization ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney* ; Microvilli ; Pregnancy ; Rats*

Immune status including the immune cells and cytokine profiles has been implicated in the development of endometriosis. In this study, we analyzed Th17 cells and IL-17A in peritoneal fluid (PF) and endometrial tissues of patients with (n=10) and without (n=26) endometriosis. Our study has shown increased Th17 cell population and IL-17A level in PF with endometriosis patients. To determine the roles of IL-17A and Th17 cells in the development of endometriosis, the effect of IL-17A, major cytokine of Th17, on endometrial cells isolated from endometriotic tissues was examined. Recombinant IL-17A promoted survival of endometrial cells accompanied by increased expression of anti-apoptotic genes, including Bcl-2 and MCL1, and the activation of ERK1/2 signaling. In addition, treatment of IL-17A to endometrial cells inhibited NK cell mediated cytotoxicity and induced HLA-G expression on endometrial cells. IL-17A also promoted migration of endometrial cells. Our data suggest that Th17 cells and IL-17A play critical roles in the development of endometriosis by promoting endometrial cell survival and conferring a resistance to NK cell cytotoxicity through the activation of ERK1/2 signaling. Targeting IL-17A has potential as a new strategy for the treatment of endometriosis.