PURPOSE: This study was done to compare prenatal education programs for anxiety and labor efficacy in third trimester women. METHOD: The subjects were 95 primigravida who attended a prenatal education program at H and B hospital in Kyounggi province and a health center in Chungbuk province and in the Incheon metropolitan area. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, and trait and state anxiety, and labor efficacy were measured. The data was analyzed by frequency, mean, and paired t-test. RESULT: In this study, there was a high level of anxiety in the primigravida. After the program, only state anxiety was decreased significantly at the attendants of the health center. Labor efficacy was a little increased, but this was not significant. Anxiety was increased and labor efficacy was decreased in the attendant of a private hospital. CONCLUSION: These education programs were not so effective to decrease anxiety and to increase labor efficacy. For on effective program to increase labor efficacy, it is necessary to standardize prenatal education program content and to revise it to decrease state anxiety closer to delivery. It is necessary to discover why these programs were not effective.
Anxiety* ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Education ; Female ; Hospitals, Private ; Humans ; Incheon ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Prenatal Education* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study aimed to describe bladder dysfunction in elderly women such as frequency, nocturia, and residual urine. METHODS: One hundred elderly women aged 60 and over. The Bristol Female Lower Urinary Symptoms (BFLUT) was used to evaluate the bladder function and to measure the residual urine amount by using a bladder scanner. Data was analyzed with the differences between voiding dysfunction by age group and life habits by t-test, ANOVA and correlation by Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: the mean daytime frequency was 6.8 times and night-time frequency 2.7 times. Sixty three percent of subjects had urgency and 41% had urgent incontinence. Over half of subjects had problem in voiding function. There were significant differences in frequency by age groups and constipation, but not in daytime frequency and residual urine. Lastly, there were significant positive relations between daytime frequency and night-time frequency. Also results indicate that more frequency in daytime equaled to a less residual urine amount. CONCLUSION: We know many elderly women have lower urinary tract symptoms. Specially women over 75 years have more daytime frequency and night-time frequency. This suggests further research needed in order to understand the relation of voiding patterns and life habits and its influence on quality of life.
Aged ; Analysis of Variance ; Constipation ; Female ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Nocturia ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urinary Bladder

We present four cases of herpes zoster treated successfully with vidarabine-5-monophosphate, two patients receiving chernotherapy and radiation therapy due to Hodgkins lymphoma or colon cancer, a patient combined with viral meningitis, and a patient with herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Viclarabine can be used to treat herpes zoster in immunosuppressed patients or patients with malignancy or patients with severe complications.
Colonic Neoplasms ; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus ; Herpes Zoster* ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Meningitis, Viral

Stress urinary incontinence is most common type in urinary incontinence. Most women had been suffering with stress urinary incontinence for more than a year in the community without seeking medical help. Under the assumption that stress urinary incontinence will be treated or improved by keeping PFM exercise with his/her continence confidence, this study was conducted. This study examined Continence self-efficacy effect on PFM exercise adherence. Subject were in 48 women aged 20 to 75 years with stress urinary incontinence and were recommended by their doctor to attempt PFM exercise as one treatment method.. Data were collected by self-administered report using Continence Self-Efficacy Scale, PFM exercise adherence check sheet. Telephone support was used as a method of CEIP to increase Continence self-efficacy. Continence self-efficacy score was higher in the intervention group than in control group (T=-3.23, P<.01), PFM exercise adherence was better in the intervention group than in control group (T=-4.03, P<.001). Through this research, it was also found that there were three types in attitude toward treatment; those who want to be treated completely, those who want to be relieved, and those who think urine loss is no problem. It can be concluded that to increase Continence self-efficacy was useful to the PFM exercise adherence of women with stress urinary incontinence.
Female ; Humans ; Telephone ; Urinary Incontinence

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to measure the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI), urologic symptoms, chronic health problems they have, and to explore whether the differences in incidence of UI ware by age, sex, voiding pattern, and chronic health problems. METHOD: 298 subject were selected, age range from 60 to 94 years residing in one city, in republic of Korea. Data was collected presence of UI, urologic symptoms, chronic health problems, knowledge, and the discomfort with incontinent. Collected data was analyzed with frequency, percentage, t-test, and x2-test. RESULT: The results of this study are as follows: 1. Mean age was 71.4 years. Prevalent rate of UI was 17.0%, woman showed more than man. 2. UI incidence was significant in age (t=7.84, p=.000), sex (x2 =9.47, p=.002), and voiding frequency (x2=18.34, p=.000). Also, UI incidence was significant relationship with chronic health problem of heart disease (x2 =10.65, p=0.001), hypertension (x2=4.04, p= 0.046) and respiratory problem (x2=9.67, p=0.002). 3. The UI was grouped into urgent incontinence (45%), stress incontinence (33%), and combined (22%). UI occurred during the daytime 48% and 17% at night. 4. Only 9.8 % of the UI seek advice and/or treatment for their symptoms, almost 90 % remained untreated due to lack of knowledge or improper information. 5. The discomforts due to their UI was no significant difference in their condition, the urgent use of the rest room, leaking urine, and nocturia. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that 1 year and 3 year follow-up study is needed to compare health status of UI. Also suggests intervention study for urologic discomfort of incontinent and behavioral education for the elderly are needed.
Aged* ; Education ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Nocturia ; Prevalence* ; Republic of Korea ; Urinary Incontinence*

PURPOSE: This study was accomplished to apply and to evaluate the 10-week Urinary tract Function Promotion for the Elderly Women (UFPE), and to suggest guideline and to be utilized on the community level. METHOD: Subjects were 30 persons of 16 healthy elderly and 14 hemiplegic elderly. This UFPE was composed of diagnosis of incontinence & evaluation of physical condition, understanding of urogenital system & urinary incontinence management. UFPE was evaluated by subjective urinary condition, intra-vaginal contraction power, continence self-efficacy (CSE), incontinence stress, geriatric depression. The collected data was analyzed using Wilcoxon Matched Signed-Ranks test by SPSS/WIN program. RESULT: 5 subjects (31.2%) in healthy group and 2 subjects(14.3%) in hemiplegic group have a daytime frequency, 14 subjects(87.5%) in healthy group and 14 subjects(100%) have a nocturia. After program, subjective urinary condition was increased just only healthy elderly (Z=-2.545, p<0.05), while intra-vaginal contraction power and CSE were increased significantly only in the hemiplegic elderly (Z=-2.57, p<0.05; Z=-2.29, p<0.05). There were barriers not to comply program guidance such as inadequate perception of pelvic floor muscle, forget to do exercise, fatigue. CONCLUSION: UFPE was effective in increasing subjective urinary condition for healthy elderly and in increasing intra-vaginal contraction power and continence self-efficacy for the hemiplegic elderly women. I suggest that this UFPE be utilized at the health center and elderly center, and public health nurse counsel and guide the elderly's work through phone service.
Aged* ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Fatigue ; Female ; Humans ; Nocturia ; Nurses, Public Health ; Pelvic Floor ; Urinary Incontinence ; Urinary Tract* ; Urogenital System

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the barriers and the enhancing factors and predictors to postpartum care performance. METHODS: The Research design in this study was a cross-sectional correlational survey. Subjects were 145 women at 6 to 10 weeks post delivery at an OB & GY clinic. Data was gathered with postpartum care performance, and other related variables including emotional status during pregnancy, fatigue, health recovery status, maternal role and identity. Data was analyzed using the SPSS WIN(version 11.0) program. RESULTS: The mean score of postpartum care performance was 3.08 of 5, it had significant differences in emotional status during pregnancy, coincidence of expected sex, health recovery status, postpartum fatigue and postpartum depression. The maternal role and health recovery status were enhancing factors of postpartum care performance. Also, the barrier factors were fatigue, depression and coincidence of expected sex. Among these factors, the present health recovery status had an predictability of 11.7%, postpartum fatigue 3.2%, and coincidence of expected sex 2.5%, for a total predictability factor of 17.4% on postpartum care performance. CONCLUSION: Among these related factors to postpartum care performance, present health recovery status was the most predictable factor and then postpartum fatigue, and coincidence of expected sex. We need to establish a strategy to reduce postpartum fatigue and implement nursing interventions for health related consequences in postpartum women.
Depression ; Depression, Postpartum ; Fatigue ; Female ; Humans ; Nursing ; Postnatal Care* ; Postpartum Period* ; Pregnancy ; Research Design

PURPOSE: The O'Leary Symptom Index and Problem Index (ICSI/ICPI) have been used widespread in clinical studies and research. This research was aimed to determine the reliability and validity of the ICSI/ICPI-K that was translated into Korean. METHODS: The research design was a methodological study to test the measurements. Subjects were 301 elderly women in Seoul, Chungnam and Gyungbuk. They were recruited through a formal announcement and they responded after informed consent. Data was analyzed with SPSS 15.0. The internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the criterion validity was assessed by Pearson correlation with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and inter-subscales. RESULTS: The elderly women were on average 74.3 years old. As to the reliability of the scale, ICSI/ICPI-K had a Cronbach alpha of .832. In addition, the results showed that ICSI/ICPI-K was valid through the Pearson correlation. That is, the ICSI-K and ICPI-K had a significant relationship with GDS (r=.295; r=.374, respectively) and strong correlations of subscale to subscale (ICSI-K & ICPI-K: r=.676). The most common symptom of the lower urinary tract by the ICSI/ICPI-K was nocturia 249 (83.3%) followed by frequency 187 (62.8%), urgency 148 (49.8%). and pelvic pain 71 (23.9%) in the elderly women. CONCLUSION: We can conclude that the ICSI/ICPI-K is reliable and valid in Korean elderly women. It needs to be evaluated in the clinical area.
Aged ; Cystitis, Interstitial ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Nocturia ; Pelvic Pain ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research Design ; Urinary Tract

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to investigate the impact of job stress on low back symptoms among Clinical nurses (CNs) in university hospital. METHODS: A total of 322 CNs employed in a hospital in Seoul were interviewed by a well-trained interviewer using the structured questionnaire. Data collected for this study includes demographics, social and work characteristics, low back symptoms, and job stress. To test the impact of job stress on low back symptoms, we used multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of low back symptoms was 25.8% in this study. Low back symptoms differed significantly by factors, such as physical work burden, past history of injury and work duration. Also low back symptoms differed significantly by organizational system among independent variables of job stress. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio of organizational system to low back symptoms was 2.07 after an adjustment. CONCLUSION: This study showed that organizational system among job stress was a significant variable in explaining low back symptoms. We suggest the improvement of organizational system category as a preventive strategy for low back pain in CNs working in hospital.
Demography ; Female ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Low Back Pain ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Women, Working

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a threat to human health and public safety. People of all ages are susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. However, the clinical manifestations of this infection differ by age. This study purposes to describe healthcare considerations for special populations, such as children, pregnant and lactating women, and older adults, who may have unique healthcare needs, in the pandemic situation. To realize the research purpose, we conducted a review of the practice guidelines of public documents and qualified studies that were published online/offline during a specific period. The review identified current knowledge on care for newborns, children in schools, pregnant women (from antenatal to postpartum care), and older adults suffering from high-risk conditions. Subsequently, we summarize vaccination guidance for special populations and, finally, discuss the issues currently affecting special populations. Therefore, this current knowledge on care for special populations helps nurses to provide accurate information on vaccinations aimed at preventing COVID-19 and protecting the masses from infection. Currently, the scarcity of information on COVID-19 variants necessitates further research on measures to reduce pandemic spread.