The goal of this study was to develop a method to measure the degree of hope of mothers whom their children have cancer. Data collection was held on 144 mothers who had their children diagnosed as cancer, and were treated in C hospital and S hospital located in Seoul. The data was collected from January to August of the year 1999, and collected data was then computerized for T-test, factor analysis and ANOVA. The results are as follows: 1) The measurement method used to measure the degree of hope was divided into 7 categories and composed of 35 questions in total. The level of confidence was 0.90. The 7 categories were named 'gaining insight into life' , 'realizing oneself's own role in life' , 'attempting a change in life' , 'taking in destiny' , 'having trust in the treatment being held out by the medical faculty' , 'recognizing or escaping from reality''obtaining support from religion' respectively. 2) The average score of mothers with cancer children was 3.22. The 6th category 'recognizing or escaping from reality' , had the highest score and the 1st category of 'gaining insight into life' the lowest. 3) The degree of hope did not have any differences according to the general characteristics of the children with cancer and the characteristics of the disease. However there was a difference following the characteristics of the mothers with cancer children. Mothers with jobs tend to have scored higher compared with mothers without any occupation.
Child* ; Data Collection ; Hope* ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Occupations ; Seoul ; United Nations ; Child Health

PURPOSE: Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) has been found to be the causative factors of apnea, stridor, feeding intolerance, poor weight gain, and sudden infants death syndrome (SIDS) in infants. GER is a well-described in infants and children, but only scant mention of the premature infants with GER can be found in the literature. METHODS: Esophageal pH was measured during 24 hour in 21 healthy preterm infants, using a silicone microelectrode with an external reference electrode connected to a portable recorder. The mean age of the patients was 29+/-8 days, mean gestational age was 30(+5)+/-2(+0) weeks, mean birth weight was 1,468+/-329 g, mean postconceptional age was 34(+6)+/-1(+4) weeks and mean weight was 1,750+/-329 g. We evaluated the following reflux parameters; number of acid reflux, number of long acid reflux, longest acid reflux minutes, and reflux index. RESULTS: Pathologic GER was detected in 12 (57%) subjects and most interesting parameters are reflux index and number of episodes with a pH<4 during 24 hour (high correlation with postprandial reflux index). Reflux was not correlated to gestational age, birth weight, age, postconceptional age, weight, sex and medication of the theophylline. CONCLUSION: Gastroesophageal reflux is common in preterm infants, but it is usually not apparent, even with severe reflux.
Apnea ; Birth Weight ; Child ; Electrodes ; Esophageal pH Monitoring* ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Microelectrodes ; Respiratory Sounds ; Silicones ; Theophylline ; Weight Gain

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cricetinae* ; Neuropeptides*

Forty patients(9 male and 31 female) with tsutsugamushi disease were evaluated clinically. The diagnosis of tsutsugamushi disease was confirmed by indirect immunofluoresent test or isolation of causative agent. More than 77% of patients were over 40 years of age. After the incubation period(5 to 13 days, average 8 days) symptoms developed suddenly. The frequent symtoms were fever(100%), chill(100%), headache(100%), rnalaise(97%), and myalgia(95%). On physical exammination the rash, eschar, and lymphadenopathy were found in 97%, 82%, and 67% respectively. Eschar was observed in the trunk, especially axillary, abdominal and inguinal area. Serum transarninase(SGOT snd SGPT) was elevated(89 and 87%). Urinalysis revealed proteinuria in 35%(12/34) and hematuria in 19%(7/36). Chest roentgram and ECG demonstrated abnormalities in 39%(14/36) and 73%(26/36) respectively, The treatment with doxycycline was very effective in all cases.
Diagnosis ; Doxycycline ; Electrocardiography ; Exanthema ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Male ; Proteinuria ; Scrub Typhus* ; Thorax ; Urinalysis

No abstract available.
Thrombosis* ; Veins*

BACKGROUND: Common and effective treatments for calcific tendinitis involve needling procedures. However, it has been widespread practice to refer patients with calcific tendinitis, which is a predominantly orthopedic condition, to radiology department. The purpose of this study was to compare clinical and radiological outcomes after ultrasound-guided needling for calcific tendinitis between the orthopedics and radiology department. METHODS: Seventy-seven shoulders (Group 1) and 38 shoulders (Group 2) treated in the radiology and orthopedic department, respectively. A fellowship-trained orthopedic surgeon and a musculoskeletal radiologist each performed the procedure of ultrasound-guided needle decompression with subacromial steroid injection. Clinical outcomes was evaluated using the visual analogue scale for pain (pVAS) and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) shoulder score before treatment and at each follow-up. The pre- and post-needling size and shape of the calcific deposits were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: We analyzed a total of 56 shoulders for Group 1 and 32 shoulders for Group 2. The mean age and sex ratio of the patients no significantly different. We found that the mean decrease in the diameter of calcification between pre- and post-needling was 9.0 mm for Group 1 and 13.1 mm for Group 2; the difference was significantly larger in Group 2 than in Group 1. Both groups showed improved pVAS and ASES scores after needling but the extent of these improvements did not differ with the type of operator. CONCLUSIONS: Needling decompression performed by orthopedic surgeons could a viable option for the treatment of calcific tendinitis.

No abstract available.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid*

Tardive dyskinesia(TD) is a serious side effect of long-term treatment with neuroleptic medications. To investigate if glutamatergic hyperfunction is associated with TD, effect of MK-801 on the prevention and treatment of TD was studied using a rat model, i.e., vacuous chewing movements(VCM). When comparing VCM scores of Group I(haldol decanoate+MK-801) with that of Group II(hadol decanoate+phosphate buffer saline), late measured VCM scores of former were significantly lower than that of latter, meaning that MK-801 is effective in the prevention of VCM. Furthermore, when MK-801 is also effective in the treatment of VCM. From the above results, it is suggested that glutamatergic hyperfunction might be involved in the development of TD and MK801 could be effective in the prevention and treatment of it.
Dizocilpine Maleate* ; Mastication ; Models, Animal ; Movement Disorders*

Median nerve injury after elbow dislocation is uncommon. The diagnosis of median nerve entrapment is often delayed. Median nerve paralysis is caused by entrapment within the elbow joint. If median nerve paralysis occurs following elbow dislocation or if it occurs following closed reduction, entrapment should be suspected. Optimal management of this problem consists of early surgical exploration and decompression. We report a case of a child who had entrapment of the median nerve in the elbow joint after closed reduction of posterior dislocation with fracture of the medial epicondyle. The diagnosis was made ten weeks after injury at surgical exploration. This case showed a characteristic radiologic sign in the anteroposterior radiograph. We released the entrapped median nerve with a successful result.
Child ; Decompression ; Diagnosis ; Dislocations ; Elbow Joint ; Elbow ; Humans ; Median Nerve ; Paralysis

No abstract available.
Rhinitis*