Although uterine arterovenous malformation(AVM) is a rare cause of menorrhagia or postmenopausal bleeding, it is important to consider that curettage may precipitate life-threatening hemorrhage and therefore it is contraindicated when AVM is suspected. Special investigations such as hysteroscopy, Doppler flow ultrasound and angiography are important diagnostic tools, and transarterial embolization(TAE) has replaced hysterectomy as the treatment of choice in women who wish to retain their fertility. But due to the high incidence of collateral vessels, recurrence of the vascular malformation after TAE is common. We have experienced two cases of AVM, one of which was managed by TAE in combination with surgical arterial ligation.
Angiography ; Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Curettage ; Female ; Fertility ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Hysteroscopy ; Incidence ; Ligation* ; Menorrhagia ; Recurrence ; Ultrasonography ; Vascular Malformations

Post-traumatic fat embolism was first reported by Zenker in 1862, Von Bergmann reported the first clinical diagnosis of the fat embolism syndrome in 1873. Fat embolism has been associated with traumatic or non-traumatic disorders. Fat embolization after long bone trauma is probably common as a subclinical event. The diagnosis of fat embolism syndrome is based on the patient's history, is supported by clinical signs of pulmonary, cerebral, and cutaneous dysfunction, and is confirmed by the demonstration of arterial hypoxemia in the abscence of other disorders. Two different mechanisms cause fat to embolize: direct entry of deposit fat into the blood stream and agglutination of endogenous or exogenous plasma fat. MRI can detect a cerebral fat embolism with a higher sensitivity than cerebral CT. We report a case of post-traumatic cerebral fat embolism without pulmonary involvement, and we present a review of the literature. A 16-year girl had a traffic accident and pelvic bone fracture. Forty eight hours later severe trauma become stuporous without a focal neurological deficit. The patient received supportive therapy, and her condition improved throughout her hospital course. She was discharged with good condition after a 30-day hospital stay.
Accidents, Traffic ; Agglutination ; Anoxia ; Diagnosis ; Embolism, Fat* ; Female ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pelvic Bones ; Plasma ; Rivers ; Stupor

Complete or partial agenesis of dorsal pancreas has been reported in a small number of pediatric and adult patients. A case of partial agenesis of dorsal pancreas was reported. This case was not associated with diabetes mellitus and pancreatic exocrine dysfunction, or abdominal pain. A 37-year-old man with chronic hepatitis B visited to our hospital due to further examination for chronic hepatitis B. Abdominal ultrasonography showed enlarged pancreatic head. Diagnosis was made by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and computed tomography. Explor-laparotomy was not done.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Head ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Humans ; Pancreas ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to investigate the in vitro antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of fermented sesame sauce (FSeS) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage in renal proximal tubule LLC-PK1 cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical (*OH), and H2O2 scavenging assay was used to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of FSeS. To investigate the cytoprotective effect of FSeS against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in LLC-PK1 cells, the cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and endogenous antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) were measured. RESULTS: The ability of FSeS to scavenge DPPH, *OH and H2O2 was greater than that of FSS and AHSS. FSeS also significantly inhibited H2O2-induced (500 microM) oxidative damage in the LLC-PK1 cells compared to FSS and AHSS (P < 0.05). Following treatment with 100 microg/mL of FSeS and FSS to prevent H2O2-induced oxidation, cell viability increased from 56.7% (control) to 83.7% and 75.6%, respectively. However, AHSS was not able to reduce H2O2-induced cell damage (viability of the AHSS-treated cells was 54.6%). FSeS more effectively suppressed H2O2-induced ROS generation and lipid peroxidation compared to FSS and AHSS (P < 0.05). Compared to the other sauces, FSeS also significantly increased cellular CAT, SOD, and GSH-px activities and mRNA expression (P < 0.05). CONCULUSIONS: These results from the present study suggest that FSeS is an effective radical scavenger and protects against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in LLC-PK1 cells by reducing ROS levels, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and stimulating antioxidant enzyme activity.
Animals ; Catalase ; Cats ; Cell Survival ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Hydrogen* ; Hydroxyl Radical ; Lipid Peroxidation ; LLC-PK1 Cells ; Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; RNA, Messenger ; Sesamum* ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Swine

Pilomatricoma, known as calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe, is a deep dermal or subcutaneous tumor showing slow growth. There are some reports showing rapid enlargement of the tumors as a result of variable amounts of bleeding into the intratumoral cystic space and into the superficial dermis. We report an uncommon case of a rapidly enlarged pilomatricoma due to simultaneous in tratumoral and intradermal hemorrhage.
Dermis ; Hemorrhage* ; Pilomatrixoma*

Background: Sexual dimorphism is important for sex determination in the field of forensics. However, sexual dimorphism is commonly assessed using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) rather than three-dimensional (3D) modeling software; therefore, studies using a more accurate measurement approach are necessary. This study assessed the sexual dimorphism of the MS using a 3D modeling program to obtain information that could contribute to the fields of surgery and forensics. Methods: The CBCT data of 60 patients (age, 20∼29 y; 30 males and 30 females) admitted to the Department of Orthodontics at the Dankook University School of Dentistry were provided in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format.The left MS and right MS were modeled based on the DICOM files using the Mimics (version 22; Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) 3D program and converted to stereolithography (STL) files used to measure the width, length, and height of the MS, infraorbital foramen (IOF), right MS, and left MS. The average of three repeated measurements was calculated, and a reliability test was performed to ensure data reliability (Cronbach’s α =0.618). A canonical discriminant analysis was performed using a standard approach (left: Box’s M=0.096; right: Box’s M=0.115). Results: Males had greater values for all parameters (MS width, MS length, MS height, IOF, right MS, left MS) than females. The discriminant analysis identified six independent variables (MS width, MS height, MS length, IOF, right MS, left MS) that could identify sex. The left MS and right MS correctly identified the sex of 81.7% and 71.7% of the patients, respectively, with the left MS having higher accuracy. Conclusion This study confirmed that, for Korean individuals, the left MS has a better ability to identify sex than the right MS. These results may contribute to sex identification in the fields of surgery and forensics.

The term'ectopic pregnancy'refers to a gestation in which the fertilized ovum impl-ants on any tissue other than the mucous membrane lining the uterine cavity. The number of patients per year with an ectopic pregnancy is increasing. So we revi- ewed clinical characteristics of 503 cases of ectopic pregnancies, who were admitted and treated at the department of obstetrics and gynecology of Yeungnam University from July, 1991 to December, 1995. The results were as follows; 1. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy was 1 in 30 deliveries. 2. The most common age group was 26~30 years of age(34.5%). 3. According to obstetrical history, nullipara was 35.7% and the cases who experienced artificial abortion was 50.9%. 4. In past history, 50.9% of total cases has artificial abortion and 10.1% experienced previous ectopic pregnancy, tubal sterilization was 8.0%. 5. For chief complaints, lower abdominal pain was observed in 359 patient(71.0%), am- enorrhea in 238 patients(47.3%), and vaginal spotting in 209 patients(42.1%). 6. In oder of incidence, the site of ectopic pregnancy was fallopian tube(91.5%), cervix (1.4%) and ovary(0.8%). In tubal pregnancy, the most frequent implantation site was am- pullar portion in 373 cases(74.2%) and ruptured tubal pregnancies were 306 cases(60.8%). 7. The interval between last menstrual period(LMP) and onset of symptoms was gene- rally 6~8 weeks(36.3%). 8. 65.4% of total cases were treated by salpingectomy, 14.1% by pelviscopic operati- on, and 5.8% by salpingo-oophorectomy.
Abdominal Pain ; Cervix Uteri ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Metrorrhagia ; Mucous Membrane ; Obstetrics ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic* ; Pregnancy, Tubal ; Salpingectomy ; Sterilization, Tubal ; Zygote

PURPOSE: We performed a pilot survey via internet to assess the prevalence of overactive bladder syndrome (OABs) and urinary incontinence(UI) in young and middle aged women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 22 April 2002 to 5 May 2002, a total of 3,372(89.8%) women(mean age: 26.3+/-4.8 years) among 3,757 participants completed a questionnaire via internet web site. They were divided into 3 groups: those who had OABs(group 1), who had UI(group 2), and controls who had neither. The factors related to OABs and UI were analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Of 3,372 respondents, the prevalence of OABs and UI in young women was 429(12.7%) and 707 (21%), respectively. The factors related to OABs were history of urinary tract infection and family history. The factors related to UI were age, occupation, history of urinary tract infection, family history, and parity. CONCLUSIONS: The symptoms suggestive of OABs and UI are highly prevalent in young and middle aged women. So, effective healthcare polices and prompt management about OABs and UI should be concerned.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Delivery of Health Care ; Female ; Humans ; Internet ; Logistic Models ; Middle Aged* ; Occupations ; Parity ; Prevalence* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive* ; Urinary Incontinence* ; Urinary Tract Infections

Sebaceous hyperplasia occurs on the face in persons over 40 years of age. Cyclosporine in dermatologic diseases can be used for the treatment of psoriasis, pyoderma gangrenosum, lichen planus, graft-versus-host disease, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, Behcet's disease, and paraneoplastic pemphigus. etc. The side effects of cyclosporine in mucocutaneous tissue, were hypertrichosis, gingival hypertrophy, acneiform eruption, keratosis pilaris, flushing, angioedema, urticaria, and anaphylaxis have also been reported with the use of cyclosporine. Development of sebaceous hyperplasia is related to the process of dysplastic epithelial proliferation. We experienced a case of sebaceous hyperplasia in a renal transplant patient receiving cyclosporine. After carbon dioxide laser was done, lesions were cleared without any scar.
Acneiform Eruptions ; Anaphylaxis ; Angioedema ; Cicatrix ; Cyclosporine* ; Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita ; Flushing ; Gingival Hypertrophy ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Humans ; Hyperplasia* ; Hypertrichosis ; Keratosis ; Lasers, Gas ; Lichen Planus ; Pemphigus ; Psoriasis ; Pyoderma Gangrenosum ; Urticaria

Saphena varix is very rare disease that characterized by isolated distention of the saphenous vein below the sapheno-femoral junction. Saphena varix must be differentiated from other medical problems that can cause a groin mass. A 49-year-old man presented with a palpable mass on the right upper thigh and he'd had the mass for 6 months. There was no history of trauma, and the mass was especially noticeable when he was standing. On the physical examination, a 5 cm-sized soft, nontender, compressible mass was detected at the right upper medial thigh near the femoral foramen. Doppler sonography showed a saccular venous dilatation of the great saphenous vein just below the saphenofemoral junction. On computed tomography, there were superficially dilated veins in the right thigh and calf, a focal saccular aneurysm at the proximal segment of the right greater saphenous vein and no evidence of deep vein thrombosis. Aneurymal excision and stripping of the greater saphenous vein were performed. No complication was observed at the 2 week follow-up.
Aneurysm ; Dilatation ; Follow-Up Studies ; Groin ; Hernia, Femoral ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Physical Examination ; Rare Diseases ; Saphenous Vein ; Thigh ; Varicose Veins ; Veins ; Venous Thrombosis