Fluoride is one of the most potent stimulators of bone formation in vivo. But its direct effects on osteoblast is not yet clear. This study was to investigate the effects of Sodium fluoride on alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity, cAMP formation responsive to parathormone(PTH) and type I alpha 2 collagen ribonucleic acid (mRNA) level in Murin osteoblast-like (MC3T3-E1) cells. The cells were cultured in alpha -Minimal essential medium ( alpha -MEM) supplement with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and then changed to 0.1% FBS with various concentration of Sodium fluoride. The ALP activity was assayed by the method of Lowry with disodium phenyl phosphated as substrate. cAMP formation was measured by Radioimmuno Assay(RlA). Type I alpha 2 collagen ribonucleic acid(mRNA) expression was studied by Nothern blot analysis. The results were as follows: 1. cAMP level was increased by PTH in MC3T3-E1 cells. 2. Sodium fluoride showed the tendency of inhibitory effects on cAMP responsiveness to PTH in MC3T3-E1 cells. 3. Sodium fluoride increased ALP activity at cocentration of 2micrometer, 4micrometer, and 10micrometer significantly different from control at the 0.001 level. ALP activity revealed maximum value at 10micrometer in this study. 4. Nothern blot analysis of Sodium fluoride treated cells, using Type I alpha 2 collagen prove, revealed significant increase at 10micrometer in MC3T3-E1 cells.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Collagen* ; Fluorides ; Osteoblasts* ; Osteogenesis ; RNA* ; Sodium Fluoride* ; Sodium*

No abstract available.
Ecological Systems, Closed* ; Osteoblasts* ; RNA, Messenger* ; Sodium Fluoride* ; Sodium*

Orbital and paranasal actinomycosis have not been commonly reported. We report a case of this uncommon infection, which was improved after endonasal endoscopic drainage and antibiotics. A 53-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus complained of inability to lift her right upper eyelid and painful swelling over the preceding two days. Broad-spectrum antibiotics did not resolve her lesion. In ophthalmic examination, decreased visual acuity, upper and medial gaze limitation, and a relative afferent pupillary defect of her right eye were observed. Computed tomography of the orbit showed aggravated orbital cellulitis, preseptal cellulitis, subperiosteal abscess, and maxillary and ethmoid sinusitis. After endonasal endoscopic drainage and systemic antibiotics, her clinical symptoms dramatically improved. Microbiological analysis of the maxillary excisional biopsy showed Actinomycosis. This case is of interest due to the rare orbital presentation of actinomycosis infection and the importance of appropriate surgical drainage and long-term antibiotics treatment in such cases. Because delayed diagnosis and treatment of rhino-orbital actinomycosis can cause permanent vision loss or intracranial abscess, it requires careful clinical attention.
Abscess* ; Actinomycosis* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biopsy ; Cellulitis ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; Drainage ; Ethmoid Sinus ; Ethmoid Sinusitis ; Eyelids ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Orbit* ; Orbital Cellulitis ; Pupil Disorders ; Visual Acuity