Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop a screening tool that is simple and easy to use for assessing sleep problems, including hypersomnolence, restless legs syndrome, and insomnia. We also examined the reliability and validity of this tool. Methods: We developed the Sleep Problem Screening Questionnaire (SPSQ), which consists of three sub-sections: insomnia (SPSQi), hypersomnolence (SPSQh), and restless legs syndrome (SPSQr). Subsequently, the participants, consisting of 222 patients with insomnia disorder and 78 healthy individuals, completed both the SPSQ and the comparative scale (Korean version of the Insomnia Severity Index). The analysis was then conducted using this data. Results: The SPSQ demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity, as well as satisfactory internal consistency. A cutoff score of 6 on the SPSQi was found to be optimal for distinguishing individuals with insomnia. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that the SPSQ is a reliable and valid tool for screening sleep problems among general adult population. However, there is a limitation as a comparison and validation with scales related to restless legs syndrome and hypersomnolence were not conducted.

In this study, we developed the disc-type bio-cartilage reconstruction strategies for transplantable hyaline cartilage for reconstructive surgery using 3D-cell sheet culture of human bone marrow stromal cells and human costal chondrocytes. We compared chondrogenesis efficiency between different chondrogenic-induction methods such as micromass culture, pellet culture, and 3D-cell sheet culture. Among them, the 3D-cell sheet culture resulted in the best chondrogenesis with the disc-type bio-cartilage (>12 mm diameter in size) in vitro, but sometimes spontaneous curling and contraction of 3D-cell sheet culture resulted in the formation of bead-type cartilage, which was prevented by type I collagen coating or by culturing on amniotic membrane. Previously, it was reported that tissue-engineered cartilage reconstructed in vitro does not maintain its cartilage phenotype after transplantation but tends to transform to other tissue type such as bone or connective tissue. However, the disc-type bio-cartilage of 3D-cell sheet culture maintained its hyaline cartilage phenotype even after exposure to the osteogenic-induction condition in vitro for 3 weeks or after the transplantation for 4 weeks in mouse subcutaneous. Collectively, the disc-type bio-cartilage with 12 mm diameter can be reproducibly reconstructed by the 3D-cell sheet culture, whose hyaline cartilage phenotype and shape can be maintained under the osteogenic-induction condition as well as after the transplantation. This disc-type bio-cartilage can be proposed for the application to reconstructive surgery and repair of disc-type cartilage such as mandibular cartilage and digits.
Amnion ; Animals ; Bone Marrow* ; Cartilage ; Chondrocytes* ; Chondrogenesis ; Collagen Type I ; Connective Tissue ; Humans* ; Hyalin* ; Hyaline Cartilage* ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells* ; Mice ; Phenotype*