No abstract available.

The detection of early colon cancer has increased since the advent of screening colonoscopy. Endoscopic resection can be performed to cure early colon cancer with no metastasis. Therefore, we should correctly predict the possibility of metastasis before a trial of endoscopic resection. Metastasis may be assessed using chromoscopy with magnification, narrow band imaging, and endoscopic ultrasound, as well as with conventional imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Various endoscopic resection techniques, including endoscopic submucosal dissection, can be performed to resect early colon cancer. The histopathological evaluation of endoscopically resected early colon cancer can provide clinicians with further information about the risk of regional lymph node metastasis. The decision to perform additional surgery is based on the histopathological examination of the resected specimens.
Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colonoscopy ; Lymph Nodes ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mass Screening ; Narrow Band Imaging ; Neoplasm Metastasis

A self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) is an effective and safe method for the decompression of colon obstruction. Based on recent evidence, colorectal SEMS is now recommended for the palliation of patients with colonic obstruction from incurable colorectal cancer or extracolonic malignancy and also as a bridge to surgery in those who are a high surgical risk. Prophylactic SEMS insertion in patients with no obstruction symptoms is not recommended. Most colorectal SEMS are inserted endoscopically under fluoroscopic guidance. The technical and clinical success rates of colorectal SEMS are high, and the complication rate is acceptable. Advances in this technology will make the insertion of colorectal SEMS better and may expand the indications of colorectal SEMS in the future.
Colon ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Decompression ; Humans ; Stents*

A self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) is an effective and safe method for the decompression of colon obstruction. Based on recent evidence, colorectal SEMS is now recommended for the palliation of patients with colonic obstruction from incurable colorectal cancer or extracolonic malignancy and also as a bridge to surgery in those who are a high surgical risk. Prophylactic SEMS insertion in patients with no obstruction symptoms is not recommended. Most colorectal SEMS are inserted endoscopically under fluoroscopic guidance. The technical and clinical success rates of colorectal SEMS are high, and the complication rate is acceptable. Advances in this technology will make the insertion of colorectal SEMS better and may expand the indications of colorectal SEMS in the future.
Colon ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Decompression ; Humans ; Stents*

Colonic perforation occurs in a variety of clinical scenarios and colonoscopy-associated perforation is one of the important reasons for colonic perforation. Colonoscopy-associated perforation may be diagnosed during colonoscopy procedure by the visualization of evident colonic wall defect or, after the completion of colonoscopy, by the visualization of leaked air in the peritoneal or retroperitoneal space. Recently, the incidence of colonoscopy-associated perforation increased because of the introduction of colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection. Traditionally, colonoscopy-associated perforation was managed surgically. However, medical management has been introduced widely and endoscopic clipping is the most important component for the medical management of colonoscopy-associated perforation. Timely administration of antibiotics is also important. Large perforations, diagnostic colonoscopy-associated perforations, large amount of pneumoperitoneum, and severe abdominal pain have been reported to be predictive of the necessity of surgery after endoscopic clipping. Surgery should be performed if patients show clinical deterioration even after the initiation of medical management.
Abdominal Pain ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Colon ; Colonoscopy ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pneumoperitoneum ; Retroperitoneal Space ; Surgical Instruments

No abstract available.
Colonic Diseases/*surgery ; Colonoscopy/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Stents

No abstract available.
Carcinoid Tumor/etiology/*pathology/ultrasonography ; Colonoscopy ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscles/pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Rectal Neoplasms/etiology/*pathology/ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Colonoscopy*

The incidence of colorectal neoplasm including adenomas and carcinomas is increasing in Korea. It has been reported that certain components of the metabolic syndrome including abdominal obesity and abnormal glucose metabolism are associated with increased risk for colorectal cancer. The mechanism involved is most likely linked to metabolic stress, which is associated with increased levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and TNF-alpha, which promote cell proliferation and survival. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is commonly referred to as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. The study by Lee et al. showed that NAFLD is associated with increased risk for colonic neoplasm. Further studies are needed to decide whether patients with NAFLD require a screening colonoscopy at a younger age than currently recommended.
Adenoma ; Cell Proliferation ; Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Fatty Liver ; Glucose ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Stress, Physiological ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Early colorectal cancer refers to cancer in the colorectum that is confined to the mucosa or submucosa and does not invade the muscularis propria, irrespective of lymph node or distant metastasis. As the number of persons undergoing screening colonoscopy increases, the proportion of patients diagnosed with precancerous colorectal lesions and early colorectal cancer also increases. In the last decade, innovative optical technologies for endoscopic diagnosis have been introduced and endoscopic treatment techniques such as endoscopic submucosal dissection have provided major breakthroughs in the management of early colorectal cancer. With these remarkable developments, endoscopic treatment has established itself as an alternative to surgical resection in the treatment of early colorectal cancer. This review will discuss the endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of early colorectal cancer. Furthermore, the unmet needs in this field and the latest research addressing those issues will be summarized.