No Abstract available.
Consensus* ; Infection Control*

PURPOSE: It is not easy to determine the cause of pulmonary consolidative lesion. Even without any definite mass, malignancy cannot be ruled out. And sometimes, it is difficult to differentiate tuberculosis from pneumonia. To differentiate malignant consolidative lesion from benign one, we studied patterns of air bronchogram, mucoid impaction, and computed tomographic anglogram etc. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty seven cases of pulmonary consolidative lesions(23 cases of malignancy,34 cases of benign lesion) were retrospectively reviewed by three radiologists. RESULTS: Among the 28 cases which showed a little air bronchogram(less than 1/3 of the whole lesion in volumetric measure with the eye) 19 cases were malignancy and nine cases were benign lesions. All of the 12 cases which showed profound air bronchogram over 2/3 of the whole lesion were benign lesions. Bronchiectasis was detected in 31 cases(four of malignancy and 27 of benign lesions). Among the 20 cases which didn't show the mucoid impaction five cases were malignancy and 15 cases were benign lesions. Out of eight cases with mucoid impaction filling the long segments(branching tree shape), seven cases were malignancy and one case was benign lesion. So called CT anglogram was detected in nine cases of malignancy and two cases of benign lesions. All of nine cases of malignancy showed CT anglogram which was like arborizing tree. CONCLUSION: Scanty air bronchogram, profound arborizing mucoid impaction and/or CT angoigram within consolidative lesion could suggest malignancy.
Bronchiectasis ; Pneumonia ; Retrospective Studies ; Thorax* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed* ; Tuberculosis

PURPOSE:To evaluate the role of unenhanced CT in diagnosing the acute appendicitis. METHOD AND MATERIALS: We retrospectively analyzed conventional contrast-enhanced abdominal CT scans of 197 normal patients and barium enemas of 26 out of the 197 patients. Additional unenhanced CT scans of right lower abdomen were performed on 30 patients who were suspected of having acute appendicitis;barium enema was performed in 26 patients. RESULTS: in the analysis of the conventional CT scans, we could detect 132(67%) normal appendicies. On barium enema of 26 out of 197 patients, abruptly narrowed appendix was visualized in 5 cases and luminal irregularity in 4 cases but all 26 cases showed normal appendix on CT. In the 30 cases of unenhanced CT, all appendicies were visualized. Among 12 Cases which were proved as acute appendicitis, barium enenma was done in 10 case;abruptly narrowed appendix was shown in 3 and luminal irregularity in 1. Among 18 cases which were diagnosed as normal appendix, nonvisualization of appendix' was in 1 case, abruptly narrowed lumen in 3, and luminal irregularity in 9. CONCLUSION:Unenhanced CT in the area of the cecum may be an effective and safe diagnostic tool for acute appendicitis.
Abdomen ; Appendicitis* ; Appendix ; Barium* ; Cecum ; Enema* ; Humans ; Phenobarbital ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of preventing CAUTIs through the practice of using 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) versus normal saline for perineal care in ICU patients. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was used, and participants were randomly allocated to either the CHG group (n=79) or normal saline group (n=81). CAUTI was diagnosed following the criteria of the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Incidence of CAUTI and characte oftics of infection were evaluated. RESULTS: In the CHG group, 8 epofodes of CAUTI were obsevend in 79 patients and 875 foley catheter e ys. Tnce ate of CAUTI was 9.14 per 1,000 foley catheter e ys. Tncre were 2 epofodes of CAUTI in the 81 patients and 837 foley catheter e ys of the normal saline group. Tnce ate of CAUTI was 2.39 per 1,000 foley catheter e ys. Tnc difference between both groups was not significant (p=.1). CONCLUSION: Using normal saline to provide perineal care to ICU patients with a foley catheter inserted will not increase the risk for CAUTI.
Catheterization ; Catheters ; Chlorhexidine ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infection Control ; Critical Care ; Intensive Care Units ; Urinary Tract ; Urinary Tract Infections

A finite element analysis has been utilized to analyze stress and strain fields and design a new configuration in orthopedics and implant dentistry. Load transfer and stress analysis at implant bone interface are important factors from treatment planning to long term success. Bone configuration and quality are different according to anatomy of expecting implantation site. The purpose of this study was to compare the stress distribution in maxilla and mandible according to implant length and bone engagement types. A three dimensional axi-symmetric implant model(Nobel Biocare, Gothenburg, Sweden) with surrounding cortical and cancellous bone were designed to analyzed the effects of bone engagement and implant length on stress distribution ANSYS 5.5 finite element program was utilized as an interpreting tool. Three cases of unicortical anchorage model with 7, 10, 13mm length and four cases of bicortical anchorage model with 5, 7, 10 and 13mm lenght were compared both maxillary and mandibular single implant situatiion. Within the limits of study, following conclusions were drawn. 1. There is difference in stress distribution according to cortical and cancellous bone thickness and shape. 2. Maximum stress was shown at the top of cortical bone area regardless of bone engagement types. 3. Bicortical engagement showed less stress accumulation when compared to unicortical case overall. 4. Longer the implant fixture length, less the stress on cortical bone area, however there is no difference in mandibular bicortical engagement case.
Dentistry ; Finite Element Analysis* ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Orthopedics

PURPOSE: Febrile seizure is the most common type of seizure affecting 3-4% of children. The recurrence rate of febrile seizure is approximately 33%. About 16% of children with a febrile seizure during the febrile illness have a recurrent seizure attack within 24 hours. This study aimed to investigate the optimum dose of diazepam to reduce the recurrence of febrile seizures in children who have had a febrile seizure attack. METHODS: The children with febrile seizure who were admitted to the Maryknoll hospital for in vestigation and treatment were retrospectively reviewed. The study group compromised 306 children. The febrile seizure was defined as seizure attack with fever(above 38degreeC) without evidence of intracranial infection or defined cause in children aged 6 months to 5 years. The children were divided into four groups according to dose of diazepam. Group I, 72 patients, received no diazepam therapy. Group II, 78 patients, received oral diazepam in a dose of 0.1 mg/kg every eight hours during the febrile illness, Group III, 87 patients, 0.2 mg/kg, and Group IV, 69 patients, 0.3 mg/kg, respectively. RESULTS: The seizure attack rate and the duration of admission were reduced in both Group III and Group IV. However, there was no difference in the side effects of the diazepam between group III and IV. CONCLUSION: Oral diazepam in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg effectively decreases both the seizure attack rate and the duration of admission.
Child ; Diazepam* ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures* ; Seizures, Febrile*

No abstract available.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli*

PURPOSE: Excess intake of sodium is a major diet-related risk factor for human diseases including hypertension and cancer as well as obesity and inflammation. However, findings are still controversial, and evidence is lacking in Koreans. Therefore, for better understanding of the role of dietary sodium intake in disease etiology, this study investigated the effects of dietary sodium intake on adiposity, inflammation, and hormones in Koreans. METHODS: A total of 80 males and females joined the study. The general characteristics and dietary intake data were investigated by trained interviewers using a questionnaire and 24-h dietary recall, respectively. For the markers of adiposity, body weight, body mass index, percent of body fat, visceral fat area, and waist and hip circumference were measured. For the inflammation and hormone markers, leptin, adiponectin, insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 were also analyzed. RESULTS: Multivariate linear regression analyses suggested that dietary sodium intake was not associated with adiposity. However, dietary sodium showed a significant association with insulin level: Plasma insulin concentration increased with sodium intake independent of other dietary intake or percent of body fat (β = 0.296, adjusted r² = 0.276, p < 0.01). Other markers for inflammation and hormonal responses were not associated with dietary sodium intake. CONCLUSION: Findings suggested that dietary sodium intake may be a critical modifying factor in the level of plasma insulin. However, it showed a limited effect on obesity and other inflammation markers and hormone levels. These findings should be confirmed in larger, well-designed investigations.
Adiponectin ; Adipose Tissue ; Adiposity* ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Female ; Hip ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Inflammation* ; Insulin ; Interleukin-6 ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Leptin ; Linear Models ; Male ; Necrosis ; Obesity ; Plasma ; Risk Factors ; Sodium ; Sodium, Dietary*

No abstract available.

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is inherited disorder of adrenal steroidogenesis. 21-hydroxylase deficiency is the most commone enzymatic defect and is divided into classic and late-onset or nonclassic forms. Both classic non-classic 21-hydrozylase deficiencies are inherited in a recessive manner as allelic variants. But it is rare that happened in twin infants. Chief complaints of affected twins in our case were ambiguous genitalia, hyperpigmentation and dehydrations. They were revealed into hyponatremia, hyperkalemia and increased amount of serum progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and urinary 17-ketosteroid excretion and were administered with DOCA, 9alpha-fluorohydrocortisone, hydrocortisone to control the electrolyte imbalance. And now, both of them are going to normal ratio of weight gain and body growth.
17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone ; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital* ; Desoxycorticosterone Acetate ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Hyperkalemia ; Hyperpigmentation ; Hyponatremia ; Infant ; Progesterone ; Steroid 21-Hydroxylase* ; Twins* ; Weight Gain