No abstract available.
Nephrectomy*

No abstract available.
Urinary Retention*

The development of aorticpulmonary bodies was studied by electron microscope in human fatuses ranging from 40mm to 260mm crowm-rump length. The aorticpulmonary bodies were observed in the wall of the aorta, and of the pulmonart trunk and arteries. At 40mm fetus, the aorticopulmonary bodies were composed of clusters of primitive glomus cells, primative supporting cells, unmyelinated nerve fibers, and capillaries. The primitive glomus cells possessed large nuclei, dense-cored vesicles, many Golgi complexes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and, multivesicular bodies, the primitive supporting cells were agranular with attenuated cytoplasmic processed which partially ensheathed the primitive glomus cells. Synaptic contacts between the axon terminals and the aoma of primitive glomus cells were first observed. The primitive glomus cells increased somewhat in size and number by 90mm fetus, but retained essentially the same characteristics as at the earlier stage. Desmosome-like contacts between glomus cells and adjacent cells were commonly seen. At 160mm fetus, the glomus cells had increased accumulations of all organells and numerous dense cored vesicles. The supporting cells completely invested the glomus cells. Two types of nerve terminals were observed. One type contained small agranular vesicles which was identified as cholinergic axon terminal. The other contained a majority of small granular vesicles which was classfied as adrenergic axon terminal. Synaptic contacts between the cholinergic axon terminals and the soma of the glomus cell were observed. During next prenatal stage up to 260mm fetus the glomus cells and the supporting cells resembling those in adult were present. It is concluded that the ultrastructural features of these aorticopulmonary bodies are similar to those of the carotid body. It is therefore suggested that the aorticopulmonary bodies of the human fetures have a chemorecepter function similar to that of the carotid body.
Adult ; Aorta ; Arteries ; Capillaries ; Carisoprodol ; Carotid Body ; Cytoplasm ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Fetus* ; Golgi Apparatus ; Humans* ; Multivesicular Bodies ; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated ; Presynaptic Terminals

No abstract available.
Animals ; Foot* ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease* ; Hand* ; Paralysis*

BACKGROUND: Herpes zoster with generalized varicelliform eruptions occurs in 2 to 10% of patients with herpes zoster. It occurs mainly in old or debilitated persons especially those who have immunologic defects such as lymphoproliferative diseases, AIDS, or recipients of immunosuppressive therapy. The reported incidence of herpes zoster with generalized varicelliform eruptions is variable. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the incidence and clinical features of herpes zoster with generalized varicelliform eruptions. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical data of 962 patients with herpes zoster by retrospective methods. The annual incidence, age, sex, seasonal variation, predilection sites, and associated conditions of herpes zoster with generalized varicelliform eruptions were analyzed from January 1990 to December 1996 (7 years). RESULTS: 1. Among 962 patients, 8 patients with herpes zoster revealed generalixed varicelliform eruptions (0.83%). 2. The age ranged from 20 to 85 and the majority of cases occurred in the 6th decade. There were 4 females and 4 males. 3. Past histories of malignancy were observed in 2 patients. However, there were no signs of malignancy at the time of diagnosis of herpes zoster with generalized varicelliform eruptions. 4. The most common site of initial lesion was the thoracic dermatome,followed by the lumbar and the cervical ones. CONCLUSION: From our observation, it is suggested that herpes zoster with generalized varicelliform eruptions may occur in patients without underlying malignancy or immunosuppressive disorders. Sudden incidental uprising of herpes zoster with generalized varicelliform eruptions was observed in 1996.
Clinical Study* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Herpes Zoster* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Seasons

No abstract available.
Anemia, Hypoplastic, Congenital*

The aim of this study was to determine whether losartan, an angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 (AT1) receptor could influence the CA release from the isolated perfused model of the rat adrenal medulla. Losartan (5~50 micrometer) perfused into an adrenal vein for 90 min produced dose- and time-dependent inhibition of the CA secretory responses evoked by ACh (5.32 mM), high K+ (56 mM, a direct membrane depolarizer), DMPP (100 micrometer) and McN-A-343 (100 micrometer). Losartan failed to affect basal CA output. Furthermore, in adrenal glands loaded with losartan (15 micrometer) for 90 min, the CA secretory responses evoked by Bay-K-8644 (10 micrometer, an activator of L-type Ca2+ channels), cyclopiazonic acid (10 micrometer, an inhibitor of cytoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase), veratridine (100 micrometer, an activator of Na+ channels), and Ang II (100 nM) were markedly inhibited. However, at high concentrations (150~300 micrometer), losartan rather enhanced the CA secretion evoked by ACh. Collectively, these experimental results suggest that losartan at low concentrations inhibits the CA secretion evoked by cholinergic stimulation (both nicotininc and muscarinic receptors) as well as by membrane depolarization from the rat adrenal medulla, but at high concentration it rather inhibits ACh-evoked CA secretion. It seems that losartan has a dual action, acting as both agonist and antagonist to nicotinic receptors of the rat adrenal medulla, which might be dependent on the concentration. It is also thought that this inhibitory effect of losartan may be mediated by blocking the influx of both Na+ and Ca2+ into the rat adrenomedullary chromaffin cells as well as by inhibiting the Ca2+ release from the cytoplasmic calcium store, which is thought to be relevant to the AT1 receptor blockade, in addition to its enhancement of the CA release.
(4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride ; 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester ; Adrenal Glands ; Adrenal Medulla ; Angiotensin II ; Animals ; Calcium ; Chromaffin Cells ; Cytoplasm ; Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide ; Indoles ; Losartan ; Membranes ; Rats ; Receptors, Nicotinic ; Veins ; Veratridine

The Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment(LOTCA) battery provides an initial profile of the cognitive abilities of the brain-injured patient that can be used as a starting point for occupational therapy intervention and as a screening test for further assessment. Reliability and validity for the LOTCA have been reported in the literatures. This study investigated the relationship between LOTCA scores and functional assessments in 34 brain-injured patients, consisting of 21 stroke patients and 13 traumatic brain injury patients. Subjects were administered the LOTCA and, as functional assessment tools, the Cognitive Capacity Screening Examination(CCSE) and the Modified Barthel Index(MBI) upon referral to occupational therapy initially, and again at discharge. The initial and the last LOTCA scores were significantly related to the initial and the last CCSE scores and the MBI scores, respectively, in brain-injured patients. Each of the last LOTCA scores, CCSE scores, and MBI scores increased significantly compared to the initial scores. There were no significant differences in the initial and the last LOTCA scores, CCSE scores, and MBI scores between stroke patients and traumatic brain injury patients. Greater LOTCA gain was significantly related to greater MBI gain. These results suggest that the LOTCA battery for brain-injured patients is related not only to cognitive function, but also to functional evaluation as activities of daily living and functional recovery at discharge.
Activities of Daily Living ; Brain Injuries ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Occupational Therapy* ; Referral and Consultation ; Reproducibility of Results ; Stroke

Background: Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is one of the well-known complication of spinal anesthesia. Epidural blood patch is the treatment of choice for PDPH but is rarely used for the prevention of PDPH after spinal anesthesia. The purpose of this study is to observe the effectiveness of epidural blood patch for prevention of PDPH and to evaluate the complications after epidural blood injection. Methods: Three hundred patients (ASA I or II) receiving spinal anesthesia were studied. They were randomly devided into two groups. Patients in Group I, the control group, were maintained in a supine position for 24 hour after spinal anesthesia. Patients in Group II, the study group, received 3 ml of autologous blood in the epidural space after spinal anesthesia. PDPH was evaluated for 5 days. The incidence, location, onset, and duration of headache in the patients presenting with PDPH were measured for 5 days, and the complications following epidural blood patch in Group II were observed for 2 weeks. Results: The incidence of PDPH in group I was 11%, but 0% in group II. There were no specific complications following epidural blood patch in Group II. Conclusions: This study suggest that the 3 ml epidural autologous blood patch is an useful method for the prevention of PDPH in patients with spinal anesthesia.
Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Blood Patch, Epidural ; Epidural Space ; Headache ; Humans ; Incidence ; Post-Dural Puncture Headache ; Punctures* ; Supine Position

This rare tumor has been diagnosed postoperatively in a 64-years-old male patient. Herein a case of extra-adrenal paraganglioma of the retroperitoneum is presented with brief review of literatures.
Humans ; Male ; Paraganglioma, Extra-Adrenal*