The authors studied 5 cases of idiopathic CNS hypersomnia who visited Division of Sleep Studies, Seoul National University Hospital in 1995. Detailed medical history was taken and nocturnal polysomnography(NPSG), multiple sleep latency test(MSLT)and human leukocyte antigen(HLA) typing were performed. Neither cataplexy nor hypnagogic hallucination was reported in all cases and in NPSGs, there were tendencies of increased sleep period time and decreased slow wave sleep time. In MSLT, all the subjects showed average sleep latencies less than 8 minutes without sleep-onset rapid eye movement period(SOREMP). In HLA typing, some correlation between idiopathis CNS hypersomnia and HLA DR4 was observed. in contrast to previous reports, overall treatment response with methylphenidate was remarkable. Therefore, the authors suggest that patients suspected of idiopathic CNS hypersomnia be actively evaluated and treated with rather optimistic perspective.
Cataplexy ; Central Nervous System* ; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence* ; Hallucinations ; Histocompatibility Testing ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Methylphenidate ; Seoul ; Sleep, REM

No abstract available.

Between December 18, 1985 and May 31, 1986 at the VD Clinic, Choong-ku Public Health Center, in Seoul, 274 male patients with uncomplicated gonococcal infection, including 124 penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG) infection, were entered into the study. They were divided randomly into the group A and the group B. In the group A, treated with kanamycin 2g, im regimen, 126 of 137 patients were followed and 86 patients(68.3%) were cured. In the group B, treated with gentamicin 240mg, im regimen, 125 of 137 patients were followed and 78 patients(62.4%) were cured. The cure rates in PPNG urethritis were 63.9%(39/61) in the group A and 50.9%(29/57) in the group B. The cure rates in non PPNG urethritis were 72.3%(47/65) in the group A and 72.1% (49/68) in the group B. No significant difference was observed in cure rates between two groups. It is suggested that. both kanamycin 2g, im regimen and gentamicin 240mg, im regimen is not suitable for a first line treatment for uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis.
Gentamicins* ; Humans ; Kanamycin* ; Male* ; Neisseria ; Penicillinase ; Public Health ; Seoul ; Urethritis*

No Abstract Available.

The wrist joint is exposed to trauma easily which is a small portion of human body. Because there are many structures(tendons, vessels and nerves) in the wrist, it is necessary to examine carefully and treat properly when it is damaged. We have treated 230 cases of soft tissue injuries around the wrist and the result can be summarized as follows; 1. Among the 230 cases, the male ratio was 85% and the highest incidence was in the third decade. 2. Right side injuries were more than left and flexor surface injuries were more than extensor surface. 3, The main cause of injury was glass, 149 cases(64.8%) and the next on was knife, 37 cases(16%). 4. Injuries in the night were more than daytime. 5. Injuries in the summer were more than winter.
Glass ; Human Body ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Tendons ; Wrist Joint ; Wrist

A case of congenital absence of right atriovntricular (A-V) connection of heart is reported. Patient was 81 day old male infant with chief complaints of dyspnea and irritability. Clinical evaluation revealed increased pulmonary vascularity on chest x-ray, absence of right A-V connection, regurgitation of left A-V valve, right-sided ventricular hypoplasia and L-TGA. Clinical assessment of the case was tricupsid atresia with LTGA and mitral regurgitation. Pulmonary artery banlding and artial septectomy was performed. Parenteral alimentation through the femoral veins resulted in obstruction of IVC and subsequent multiorgan failure. The autopsy findings of the heart were corrected transposition of great arteries with associated anomallies of right-sided mitral atresia, Ebstein's malformation of left-sided tricuspid valve, ventricular septal defect, muscular hypertrophy of right-sided left ventricle with luminal obliteration. Long segment of IVC was completely occluded due to occlusive thrombi with fungal infection. Bilateral kidneys were infarcted and azygos vein was markedly engorged. Microscopic examination revealed candidal colonization in the inferior vena cava and septic embolzation in brain.
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Humans

A case of congenital absence of right atriovntricular (A-V) connection of heart is reported. Patient was 81 day old male infant with chief complaints of dyspnea and irritability. Clinical evaluation revealed increased pulmonary vascularity on chest x-ray, absence of right A-V connection, regurgitation of left A-V valve, right-sided ventricular hypoplasia and L-TGA. Clinical assessment of the case was tricupsid atresia with LTGA and mitral regurgitation. Pulmonary artery banlding and artial septectomy was performed. Parenteral alimentation through the femoral veins resulted in obstruction of IVC and subsequent multiorgan failure. The autopsy findings of the heart were corrected transposition of great arteries with associated anomallies of right-sided mitral atresia, Ebstein's malformation of left-sided tricuspid valve, ventricular septal defect, muscular hypertrophy of right-sided left ventricle with luminal obliteration. Long segment of IVC was completely occluded due to occlusive thrombi with fungal infection. Bilateral kidneys were infarcted and azygos vein was markedly engorged. Microscopic examination revealed candidal colonization in the inferior vena cava and septic embolzation in brain.
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Humans

A pathologic fracture is a fracture of a bone with preexisting structural weakness. When considering the local treatment of pathologic fractures, those resulting from disorders which cause a generalized weakness of the whole or part of the skeleton can be largely treated conservatively. And those because of localized bone destruction or weakness often require operative treatment. For ten years from 1973 to 1983, we observed and analysed 26 cases of pathologic fractures, excluding those due to osteoporosis. The results were as follows: 1. The age distribution showed an even pattern, and the male to female ratio was 58% (15 Males): 42% (11 Females). 2. The underlying etiologies were infection in 6 cases (23%), disturbance in skeletal development in 7 cases (27%), benign tumorous lesion in 10 cases (38%) and malignant tumorous lesion in 3 cases (12%). 3. The most common site was femur, 54% (14 cases). 4. Previous treatment was carried on 38% (10 cases). 5. Of the 26 cases, conservative treatment was done in 4 cases (15%) and surgical treatment was done in 22 cases (85%).
Age Distribution ; Clinical Study ; Female ; Femur ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; Humans ; Male ; Osteoporosis ; Skeleton

PURPOSE: We aimed to analyze the clinical features of herpetic endotheliitis and to investigate the risk factors for recurrence of herpetic endotheliitis and corneal decompensation. METHODS: The medical records of 58 patients (58 eyes) who were diagnosed with herpetic endotheliitis were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with a follow-up period of less than 6 months and a previous history of ocular inflammation were excluded from this study. We recorded visual acuity, intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness, and endothelial cell density on both initial and final visit, and recorded clinical findings of the anterior and posterior segments of the eye only on initial visit. Factors affecting the recurrence of herpetic endotheliitis and corneal decompensation were also analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 58 patients, 45 patients had disciform type endotheliitis, 11 patients had diffuse type, and 2 patients had linear type. There were no significant differences between final clinical manifestations according to subtype. 14 patients exhibited recurrence of herpetic endotheliitis. High intraocular pressure and high-grade anterior chamber cells were associated with the recurrence of herpetic endotheliitis. On multivariate analysis, the only risk factor for the recurrence of herpetic endotheliitis was high intraocular pressure. We found that 8 patients exhibited corneal decompensation, and high intraocular pressure, high anterior chamber cell grade, and a history of cataract surgery were associated with corneal decompensation. On multivariate analysis, the risk factors for corneal decompensation were high anterior chamber cell grade and cataract surgery history. CONCLUSIONS: For herpetic endotheliitis, the subtype did not affect the final records of clinical manifestation, and the only risk factor for the recurrence of herpetic endotheliitis was high intraocular pressure. Additionally, the risk factors of corneal decompensation were found to be high-grade anterior chamber cells and a history of cataract surgery. Initial examinations of clinical manifestation are important for the successful treatment of herpetic endotheliitis.
Anterior Chamber ; Cataract ; Endothelial Cells ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Intraocular Pressure ; Medical Records ; Multivariate Analysis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the Caspase 3 and p21 expression level and to understand the correlation between Caspase 3 expression and the clinical factors in renal cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two patients with renal cell carcinoma were enrolled in this study. Immunohistochemical staining of Caspase 3 and p21 was performed in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections using rabbit polyclonal antibody (Caspase 3) and mouse antibody (p21). The Caspase 3 and p21 expression levels were compared with the TNM stage, Fuhrman grade, pathological type and survival rates. RESULTS: The Caspase 3 expression level correlated only with the Fuhrman grade (p=0.017). There was no significant correlation between the Caspase 3 and p21 expression level. The prognostic values did not correlate with the Caspase 3 and p21 expression level. CONCLUSIONS: The prognostic value of the Caspase 3 expression level in renal cell carcinoma was insufficient. The relationship between Caspase 3 and p21 was not proven in renal cell carcinoma, and new factors may be implicated with Caspase 3.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Caspase 3* ; Humans ; Mice ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate