Femoral arteriography has assumed in recent years a greater clinical and surgical significance, especiallysince the advent of arterial grafting for occlusive arterial disease. Evaluation of the site and extent ofocclusion, the state of distal arterial tree and degree of collateral circulation can best be obtained byserialographic studies. Authors analyzed 28 cases of clinically and radiologically diagnosed Buerger's disease inGURO hospital radiology, College of medicine, Korea university, during last 6 months from March to August, 1984.The results are as follows; 1. The age distribution were between 20 and 50 years old, and most commonly involvedage group was 20-29. 2. The most frequent finding was the obstruction of peripheral artery with or withougcollateral vessel and almost all patient had occlusion more than 1 segmental branch. 3. The most frequentlyinvolved arteries in Buerger's disease were trifurcation area below the knee joint, anterior and posterior tibialartery and peroneal artery. Peroneal artery was less commonly involved than anterior or posterior tibial artery.
Age Distribution ; Angiography ; Arteries ; Collateral Circulation ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Korea ; Thromboangiitis Obliterans ; Tibial Arteries ; Transplants ; Trees

The presence of A-V shunting in hepatocellular carcinoma is an important factor for deciding the prognosis and in the management with transarterial chemoembolization. Twenty-four patients with hepatocellular carcinoma performed with CO2-DSA and iodinated-DSA were reviewed for the evaluation of visibility of A-V shunting. It was classified by the visibility into clearly visible, faintly visible and invisible. Also the authors evaluated neovascularity and tumor staining. And we checked side effects after the injection of CO2 gas during CO2-DSA. A-V shunting was noted in 19 cases(63%), which were clearly visible in 15 of 19 cases(79%) on CO2-DSA and in 7 of 19 cases(37%) on iodinated-DSA. In 3 cases, A-V shunting was noted only on CO2-DSA. CO2-DSA(17%)was inferior to iodinated-DSA in detection of neovasculaity and tumor staining. Side effects from CO2-DSA were abdominal pain(1 case) and chest discomfort(1 case) but improved within several minutes. In conclusion, CO2-DSA is a sensitive and effective method for the detection of A-V shunting in hepatoma.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Humans ; Methods ; Prognosis ; Thorax

Four patients underwent lumbar surgery. In all four patients, the dura was minimally torn during the operation. However, none exhibited signs of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage. In each case, a few days after the operation, the patient suddenly experienced severe recurring pain in the leg. Repeat magnetic resonance imaging showed transdural nerve rootlets entrapped in the intervertebral disc space. On exploration, ventral dural tears and transdural nerve rootlet entrapment were confirmed. Midline durotomy, herniated rootlet repositioning, and ventral dural tear repair were performed, and patients' symptoms improved after rootlet repositioning. Even with minimal dural tearing, nerve rootlets may become entrapped, resulting in severe recurring symptoms. Therefore, the dural tear must be identified and repaired during the first operation.
Diskectomy ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Laminectomy ; Leg ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

PURPOSE: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies in Korea. However, there have been few studies concerning the prognosis of colorectal cancer in Korea. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the prognostic factors of colorectal cancer and identify those independent prognostic factors. METHODS: A total of 960 cases with colorectal cancer who received surgery at Chonnam University Hospital of Korea between Jan 1, 1980 and Dec 31, 2000 were analyzed retrospectively with respect to several prognostic factors including age, sex, location of tumor, histologic grade, stage, Borrmann type, depth of invasion, invasion of lymph node, tumor size, liver metastasis, peritoneal seeding, preoperative serum CEA level and DNA ploidy. Survival curves were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences were analyzed by the Log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazard model was used for multivariate analysis. The data was considered to be significant when the p value was less than 0.05. RESULTS: The mean age was 57 years and median follow-up was 26.7 months. By univariate analysis, significant prognostic factors were stage by TNM, histologic grade, invasion of lymph node, liver metastasis, peritoneal seeding, depth of invasion, Borrmann type and preoperative serum CEA level. By multivariate analysis, TNM stage was the most obvious independent prognostic factor. Histologic grade and depth of invasion were also significant independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: In this study, TNM stage, histologic grade and depth of invasion were revealed independent prognostic factors.
Colorectal Neoplasms* ; DNA ; Follow-Up Studies ; Jeollanam-do ; Korea ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Multivariate Analysis* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ploidies ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Hair growth is spontaneously activated from quiescent bulge stem cells or is activated from precocious anagen. Upon spontaneous activation of hair growth or activation induced by nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) inhibitors, NFATc1 expression is lost and cyclin dependent kinase (CDK4) repression is relieved. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of cyclosporine as a hair cycle regulator in the treatment of Alopecia areata (AA). METHODS: In this study, we planned to investigate the hair growing properties of cyclosporine in vitro conditions. Briefly, the effects of different concentrations of cyclosporine (200, 500, 1,000, 2,000 mmol) on the growth of cultured hair follicles were examined through the expression of NFATc1 and CDK4. RESULTS: NFATc1 was downregulated and CDK4 expression was upregulated especially in the bulge areas, outer root sheath and hair bulb matrix cells as the concentration of cyclosporine increased. CONCLUSION: Cyclosporine induces CDK4 expression by NFATc1 suppression, which acts to relieve repressed CDK4, resulting in hair growth. In conclusion, cyclosporine is one of the candidates as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of hair loss.
Alopecia Areata ; Cyclins ; Cyclosporine* ; Hair Follicle ; Hair* ; Phosphotransferases ; Repression, Psychology ; Stem Cells ; T-Lymphocytes

Purpose: To determine the frequency of ossification of the transverse ligament of the atlas (OTLA) and to investigate the associated findings on cervical spine CT and plain radiography. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 5201 CT scans of the cervical spine of 3975 consecutive patients over an 11-year period for the presence of OTLA and compared them with those of ageand sex-matched controls. The frequency and associated findings of OTLA were investigated and statistically correlated. Results: The overall frequency of OTLA was 1.1% (45 of 3975 patients) and increased with age (p < 0.005). The frequency of OTLA in patients over 80 years was 12%. The space available for the spinal cord (SAC) was smaller in patients with OTLA (p < 0.005). Mineralization of the complex of the anterior atlantooccipital membrane and Barkow ligament, ossification of the ligamentum flavum, and kyphosis of the cervical spine positively correlated to the presence of OTLA (p < 0.005). Conclusion OTLA was associated with age, SAC narrowing, cervical kyphosis, and ossification of other cervical ligaments and may be associated with degenerative spondylosis, systemic hyperostotic status, or mechanical stress or instability.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength between Ni-Cr alloy and composite resin using universal adhesive systems coMPared to conventional method using metal primers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this study, a total of 120 cast commercial Ni-Cr alloy (Vera Bond 2V) disks were embedded in acrylic resin, and their surfaces were smoothed with silicon carbide papers and airborne-particle abrasion. Specimens of each metal were divided into 6 groups based on the combination of metal primers (Metal primer II, Alloy primer, Metal & Zirconia primer, MKZ primer) and universal adhesive systems (Single Bond Universal, All Bond Universal). All specimens were stored in distilled water at 37degrees C for 24 hours. Shear bond strength testing was performed with a universal testing machine at a cross head speed of 1 m/min. Data (MPa) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the post hoc Tukey's multiple comparison test (alpha=.05). RESULTS: There were significant differences between Single Bond Universal, All Bond Universal, Metal Primer II and Alloy Primer, MKZ Primer, Metal & Zirconia Primer (P<.001). CONCLUSION: Universal Adhesive system groups indicated high shear bond strength value bonded to Ni-Cr alloy than that of conventional system groups using primers except Metal Primer II. Within the limitations of this study, improvement of universal adhesive systems which can be applied to all types of restorations is recommended especially non-precious metal alloy. More research is needed to evaluate the effect of silane inclusion or exclusion in universal adhesive systems.
Adhesives ; Alloys* ; Head ; Water

PURPOSE: The intent of this study was to evaluate the effects of curing conditions on selfcuring denture base resins to find out proper condition in self-curing resin polymerization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 3 commercial self-curing denture base resins are used: Vertex SC, Tokuso Rebase and Jet Denture Repair Acrylic. After mixing the self curing resin, it was placed in a stainless steel mold(3x6x60mm). The mold containing the resin was placed under the following conditions- in air at 23 degrees C, or in water at 23degrees C; or in water at 23degrees C under pressure(20psi); or in water at 37degrees C under pressure(20psi); or in water at 50degrees C under pressure(20psi); or in water at 65degrees C under pressure(20psi), respectively. Also heatcuring denture base resin is polymerized according to manufacturers' instructions as control. Fracture toughness was measured by a single edge notched beam(SENB) method. Notch about 3mm deep was carved at the center of the long axis of the specimen using a dental diamond disk driven by a dental micro engine. The flexural test was carried out at a crosshead speed 0.5mm/min and fracture surface were observed under measuring microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. The fracture toughness value of self-curing denture base resins were relatively lower than that of heat-curing denture base resin. 2. In Vertex SC and Jet Denture Repair Acrylic, higher fracture toughness value was observed in the curing environment with pressure but in Tokuso Rebase, low fracture toughness value was observed but there was no statistical difference. 3. Higher fracture toughness value was observed in the curing environment with water than air but there was no statistical difference. 4. Raising the temperature in water showed the increase of fracture toughness.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Denture Bases* ; Denture Repair ; Dentures* ; Diamond ; Fungi ; Polymerization ; Polymers* ; Stainless Steel ; Water

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of various treatment modalities including pharmacotherapy, education-behavior therapy, and complementary alternative treatment for children with mental retardation (MR) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Korea. METHODS: The sample consisted of 50 parents who have children with MR (N=28) or ASD (N=22), 38 boys, 12 girls ; mean age 14.06 (4.14) years old. A questionnaire was composed of the experienced modality, duration, cost, satisfaction etc. RESULTS: According to the results, 56.0%, 100.0%, and 36.0% of children with MR or ASD have experienced pharmacological treatment, educational-behavioral therapy and complementary alternative medicine (CAM), respectively. Children who experienced education-behavioral therapy and CAM experienced 3.52 kinds of education-behavioral therapy and 2.78 kinds of CAM, respectively. Monthly cost of pharmacological treatment was lowest among three modality categories. Regarding treatment satisfaction by parental report, the lowest score was recorded fir CAM. CONCLUSION: Parents who have a child with MR or ASD are trying many treatment modalities and feeling the burden of their treatment.
Child ; Autism Spectrum Disorder* ; Complementary Therapies ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability* ; Korea ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: This prospective phase II trial was performed to determine the efficacy and toxicity of mitomycin C, vinorelbine and cisplatin combination chemotherapy for patients with previously untreated stage IIIB or IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: Between January 1999 and April 2001, 30 patients with chemotherapy- naive stage IIIB or IV NSCLC were entered into this study. Mitomycin C at a dose of 7 mg/m2, vinorelbine at a dose of 25 mg/m2 and cisplatin at a dose of 75 mg/m2 on day 1 and vinorelbine at a dose of 25 mg/m2 on day 8 were administered. This regimen was repeated every 4 weeks. RESULTS: 29 patients out of 30 patients were assessable. Among the assessable patients, 15 (51.7%) patients had a partial response. The median duration of response and survival was 22 weeks and 39 weeks, respectively. Grade 3 or 4 leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in 28.3% and 4.7% of all the cycles, respectively. Nausea and vomiting of grade 3 occurred only in 2.4% of all the cycles. CONCLUSION: The regimen of mitomycin C, vinorelbine and cisplatin for non-small cell lung cancer is active against advanced NSCLC with tolerable toxicities.
Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/*drug therapy/pathology ; Cisplatin/*administration & dosage ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Human ; Lung Neoplasms/*drug therapy/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitomycin/*administration & dosage ; Treatment Outcome ; Vinblastine/*administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives