PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to develop safety education program to prevent child accident and to improve the health of children by providing a safe environment. This program provide parents and children with information on how to prevent children from accident. Children especially can learn specific methods to avoid accident both at home, school and outside the home through safety education, which is based on problem solving. METHOD: This program was developed based on literature reviews, surveys and negotiation process. School aged children, parents, and teachers were interviewed to identify their educational needs based on their experiences related to child accident. During the 7th Annual Conference of Educational Courses in 1999, the Korean Educational Ministry examined the feasibility and compatibility of integrating the program into the current educational curriculum. RESULT: This program includes useful subjects such as safety education, preventive strategies, crisis management, guide for parent and teacher, resource persons, internet site and phone numbers of available hospital. Counseling is provided by researcher if needed. CONCLUSION: This program could be adequately utilized for prevention of child accident and creation of preventive strategies. It will also suggest an intervention strategy for injured children.
Child* ; Counseling ; Curriculum ; Education* ; Humans ; Internet ; Negotiating ; Parents ; Problem Solving ; Child Health

PURPOSE: It has been suggested that approximately 40% of women between 40 and 64 years of age cease their sexual activity. The aim of this study was to establish the basic data for FSD (female sexual dysfunction) and FSD-related factors in regional urban and rural areas of Korea. METHOD: Three hundred twenty five women over 20 years of age and resident in regional urban and rural areas were analyzed by a visit survey with an organized questionnaire. The female sexual function index (FSFI) for measurement of sexual dysfunction was used. The significance between the degree of sexual dysfunction and characteristics of the participants was analyzed by a t-test and ANOVA test. The relationship between the degree of sexual dysfunction and related factors was analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: All analyzing tools including the FSFI had a high validity for measuring. The FSFI in Korean women was 19.97+/-4.87 and ranged from 2 to 29. Old age, menopause, medication, no contraception usage and longer marital duration were significantly related with a lower FSFI score. Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed the significance in degrees of sexual distress (r=-.469, p=.000), sexual attitude (r=.305, p=.000) and a stressful life event (r=-.141, p=.038) with the sexual function index score. CONCLUSION: Women with sexual dysfunction should be evaluated for these sexual function-related factors in the history taking, and this data can be a basis for study for sexual dysfunction.
Contraception ; Female* ; Humans ; Korea ; Menopause ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sexual Behavior ; Women's Health

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop a web-based multimedia heath information system for maternal health care using principles of user-centered design. METHODS: Research process includes needs assessment, needs analysis, design, development/testing, and application release. Research methods for needs assessment included literature review, interviews, focus groups, and surveys. RESULTS: Based on the user's needs studies, this information service system contains an introduction, pregnancy test, fetal assessment, maternal and fetal development during pregnancy, maternal self-care methods, complications of pregnancy, complications of postpartum period, information for parenting, father's page, self-help group, FAQ, counseling and hyperlinked on Internet sites of resources pages. The web site was released using the URL: http://www.baejy.com/im. CONCLUSION: Through this health information system, clients can obtain information on maternal and baby care such as maternity care guidelines, daily instructions for families. This system will be a new way of nursing intervention and contribute to the maternal health promotion.
Counseling ; Female ; Fetal Development ; Focus Groups ; Health Information Systems ; Health Services* ; Humans ; Information Services ; Information Systems ; Internet ; Maternal Health Services ; Maternal Health* ; Multimedia* ; Needs Assessment ; Nursing ; Parenting ; Parents ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Tests ; Self Care ; Self-Help Groups ; Women's Health

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a web-based intervention program for depressive symptoms management among Korean adults. METHODS: After the first author developed a user-centered design website intended to manage the depressive symptoms of the general public, two hundred and seventy two participants were screened and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. These subjects underwent a 12-week nonequivalent pretest and post.test evaluation program to determine changes in their depression scores, which were measured using the Korean Depression Scale. Subjects' unique IP addresses were used for monitoring their access periods on the website. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the baseline and outcome characteristics of both experimental and control groups. Moreover, findings revealed that the total depression score of the experimental group (who accessed the developed web-site three times a week with at least an hour per session) showed to have decreased immensely with a mean of 5.57. On the contrary, only a 0.09 point difference resulted between the pre and post tests of the control group (who accessed other depression management websites generally available). CONCLUSIONS: Web-based interventions could be an effective and inexpensive means of managing depressive symptoms of Koreans. Findings from this effectiveness study of an internet-based program could also be used by a variety of audiences including government agencies, educators, and health care professionals concerned with mental health promotion and prevention.
Adult ; Delivery of Health Care ; Depression ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; Information Systems ; Internet ; Management Information Systems ; Mental Health

PURPOSE: A user centered web-based mental health management system may be particularly useful in Korea where there is widespread diffusion of personal computers and internet connectivity. The purpose of this paper was to describe the development of a web-based system for mental health management in adolescents using principals of a user centered design. METHOD: Our design process includes five distinct phases: needs assessment, analysis, design, development/testing/revision, and application release. RESULTS: Web content includes an introduction, information about mental health management in adolescents, self-assessment and guidance, interventions for improving mental health, directory of self-help groups, and counseling and additional community resources. The web site was released using the URL: http://www.baejy.com/youth. CONCLUSION: The end result was a web based mental health management system for adolescents with a high degree of usability. The author believes that web-based mental health interventions in the future have true potential in helping Koreans who are suffering, or at risk, for mental health problems, particularly because of the stigma related to psychiatric therapy in Korea.
Adolescent ; Humans ; *Information Services ; *Internet ; Medical Informatics ; *Mental Health ; Software Design ; User-Computer Interface

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study is to develop an educational program to prevent sexual abuse of children and to improve the physical and mental health of children by providing a rape-free environment and safety education. This program will provide parents and children with information on how to prevent sexual abuse in children. Children learn specific methods to avoid being victimized both at home and outside the home through a learning game and simulation, which is based on problem solving. METHOD: This program was developed based on a literature reviews, surveys and negotiation process. School- aged-children, parents, and teachers were interviewed to reveal their educational needs based on their experiences related to sexual abuse. RESULT: This program includes useful subjects such as safety education, early detection of sexual abuse, crisis management, resource persons, and phone numbers of available hospital. Counseling is provided by researcher or by a pediatric psychiatrist if needed. CONCLUSION: This program could be adequately utilized for prevention of sexual abuse of children. It also will provide an intervention strategy for abused children. This educational program was distributed to all of the elementary school through the Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development.

In this paper, the current status of adolescent suicide prevention and intervention are addressed, including areas related to medicine, counseling, mental health nursing, social welfare, and education. Many preventive efforts and intervention programs have been developed and implemented, but the results have been mostly minimal or unfruitful and many problems arose. First, there is a lack of epidemiological research and developmentally appropriate data on adolescent suicide. Thus evidence-based research on adolescent suicide necessary to make important decisions regarding prevention strategies and the allocation of budgets and human resources is not available. Second, there are only a handful of experts with an appropriate level of education and training. Current suicide prevention efforts are performed as a part of crisis intervention, but only a few persons know how to do so effectively. Finally, a good networking and referral system among each area of service is needed. One of the most important issues might be balancing the levels of service available to each subject and to provide a proper, systematized intervention and continuous crisis management services. In order to create an effective networking and referral system among several service providers for adolescent suicide prevention, we need robust support from the Korean government and local communities.
Adolescent ; Budgets ; Counseling ; Crisis Intervention ; Hand ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Referral and Consultation ; Social Welfare ; Suicide

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to design the web-based dialogue expert system for preventing and managing of habitual substance disorders in adolescents. METHODS: Research process includes the requirement analysis, making of questionnaires, actual survey, and its analysis. Based on the analysis, we designed the web-based dialogue expert system. RESULTS: The habitual substance disorders in adolescents are variable. Our system for managing habitual substance disorders contains the diagnosis of alcoholism, nicotinism, and narcotism. And it analyzes the facts of them based the questionnaires and answer. As the results of the analysis, main reasons in order of the power of influence are belief, will of refusal, personal characteristics, family environment, and psychological personality. Our system suggests the customized solution to conquer that for each adolescent. Moreover, our system also includes the history tracking mechanism to manage the status of each teenager constantly and to make the survey and analysis information. CONCLUSION: With our system, young boys and girls can know their seriousness of alcoholism, nicotinism, and narcotism. And they can get all possible helps through our system. This system will be the interactive and familiar way that anyone all over the world can use for overcoming problems.
Adolescent* ; Alcoholism ; Diagnosis ; Disulfiram ; Expert Systems ; Factor Analysis, Statistical* ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to test criterion-related validity of the Critical Patients' Severity Classification System (CPSCS) developed by the Hospital Nurses' Association by examining relationships with brain injury severity measured by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), recovery state measured by Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), and days of stay in ICU of brain injury patients. METHODS: Prospective correlational research design was adopted by including 194 brain injury patients admitted to ICU of one university hospital. RESULTS: The score of CPSCS appeared to significantly discriminate the severity of brain injury. Among nursing activities in CPSCS, Respiratory therapy, IV Infusion and Medication, Monitoring, Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Treatment and Procedure were significant to discriminate the severity of brain injury. Respiratory therapy, Vital Signs, and Monitoring appeared to significantly discriminate the recovery states of 1- and 3-months. Nursing activities significantly contributed to predict the days of ICU stay were Respiratory therapy, ADL, and Teaching and Emotional Support. CONCLUSION: CPSCS developed by the Hospital Nurses Association appeared to be valid to discriminate or predict brain injury severity, recovery states, and days of stay in ICU for brain injury patients.
Activities of Daily Living ; Brain Injuries ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Glasgow Outcome Scale ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Research Design ; Respiratory Therapy ; Vital Signs

OBJECTIVES: It is well-known that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among firefighters contributes to their job-related stress. However, the relationship between burnout and PTSD in firefighters has rarely been studied. This study therefore explored the association between burnout and its related factors, such as trauma and violence, and PTSD symptoms among firefighters in Korea. METHODS: A total of 535 firefighters participated in the Firefighter Research on Enhancement of Safety & Health study at 3 university hospitals from 2016 to 2017. The 535 participants received a baseline health examination, including questionnaires assessing their mental health. A Web-based survey was also conducted to collect data on job-related stress, history of exposure to violence, burnout, and trauma experience. The associations among burnout, its related factors, and PTSD symptoms were investigated using structural equation modeling. RESULTS: Job demands (β=0.411, p<0.001) and effort-reward balance (β=-0.290, p<0.001) were significantly related to burnout. Burnout (β=0.237, p<0.001) and violence (β=0.123, p=0.014) were significantly related to PTSD risk. Trauma (β=0.131, p=0.001) was significantly related to burnout; however, trauma was not directly associated with PTSD scores (β=0.085, p=0.081). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that burnout and psychological, sexual, and physical violence at the hands of clients directly affected participants’ PTSD symptoms. Burnout mediated the relationship between trauma experience and PTSD.