No abstract available.
Aged* ; Femur* ; Humans

We reviewed 7 cases of congenital mesoblastic nephroma (4 cases of classical mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) and 3 cases of atypical mesoblastic nephroma (AMN)) using immuno-histochemical and flow cytometric study. Results are as follows. 1) The mean tumor size was 5 (3 to 7cm)cm in CMN and 9 (7 to 10cm)cm in AMN. The AMN revealed hemorrhage and necrosis in two Of three cases. A case of AMN showed cystic change without hemorrhage and necrosis. Mitotic count ranged in 0~4/10HPF in CMN and 20-35/10HPF in AMN. 2) Immunohistochemistry for vimentin was all positive. Actin, desmin were weakly positive in CMN, but negative in AMN. The findings were consistent with myofibroblastic differentiation in CMN and AMN was considered to be the less differentiated form of CMN. 3) Flow cytometiic analysis showed diploidy in two of two CMNs and two of three AMNs. Only one AMN showed aneuploidy with DNA index of 1.41. %SG2M were 8.1 and 15.9 (mean 12.0) in CMN and 16.9, 32.9 and 19.3 (mean 22.9) in AMN, respectively. We concluded that AMN should be distinguished from CMN, clinicopathologically.

No abstract available.

Kinship testing in forensic casework is largely based on a likelihood ratio (LR) approach with short tandem repeat (STR) markers; however, in order to efficiently identify potential relatives in a specific population, the threshold values for kinship prediction should be determined by analyzing the kinship index distributions of the population in question. In this study, 250,000 DNA profiles were simulated using allele frequencies at 20 autosomal STR loci in Koreans, then the LRs were calculated for true close relatives and unrelated pairs. The LR distributions in related and unrelated pairs under a given relationship were compared in 2 sets of 13 Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) and 20 STR profiles. Using 13 CODIS STRs, true relatives in parent/child and full-sibling relationships were sufficiently discriminated from unrelated pairs with LR thresholds of 1,000 and 100, respectively. However, the CODIS STRs lacked the discriminatory power to differentiate between related and unrelated pairs in uncle/nephew and first cousin relationships due to high false-positive and false-negative rates with a LR threshold of 10. Increasing the number of STR loci to 20 increased discrimination of close relatives, but high false results remained in uncle/nephew and first cousin relationships. The kinship index data from this study will help make decisions on various kinship testing and familial searching in Koreans.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; DNA ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats

BACKGROUND: The dose-responses of neuromuscular blocking agents may be influenced by many factors including age and inhalation anesthetics. This study was designed to determine the dose-response relationships of a new, short-acting muscle relaxant, mivacurium during nitrous oxide-halothane or nitrous oxide-enflurane anesthesia in two age groups, infants and 1 to 6 years old preschool children. METHODS: Neuromuscular blockade was monitored by recording the accelerographic activity of the adductor pollicis muscle resulting from supramaximal stimulation at the ulnar nerve at 2 Hz for 2 seconds at 10-second intervals. To estimate dose-response relationships, 24 infants or children of two anesthetic subgroups for each age group received single bolus doses of 45~100 g/kg of mivacurium. The ED50 and ED95 were estimated from linear regression plots of log-dose vs probit of twitch depression. The lag time, onset time and maximal depression of twitch height for the selective medium dose were mesured. RESULTS: The ED50 and ED95 for the infants group were 38.2 and 53.3 g/kg during halothane anesthesia, and 29.8 and 48.6 g/kg during enflurane anesthesia, respectively. And, those for preschool children group were 49.4 and 90.7 g/kg during halothane anesthesia, and 32.3 and 81.4 g/kg during enflurane anesthesia, respectively. There was a parallelism of the dose-response curve between halothane and enflurane anesthesia in either age group. Also, there was statistically significant difference in the maximal twitch depression for the selective medium dose of mivacurium between halothane and enflurane anesthesia in either group. CONCLUSIONS: The potency of mivacurium during enflurane anesthesia is higher than that during halothane anesthesia in infants and preschool children, and during either inhalation anesthesia the dose of mivacurium is less required in infants than preschool children.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Child ; Child, Preschool* ; Depression ; Enflurane* ; Halothane* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Linear Models ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents ; Ulnar Nerve

This study includes 19 cases of complicated low extremity injury to whom underwent microvascular free-tissue transfer in cases of open comminuted fracture, osteomyelitis, and vascular compromise or extensive soft tissue defect from Nov. 1994 to July 1997. The average time after injury to coverage was 25 days. The nineteen patients underwent a total of nineteen free tissue transfers primarily, and eighteen (94.7 per cent) of the transfers survived. Major complications were encountered recurrent failure of the free tissue transfer in one patient and partial necrosis in the other flap, which were successfully treated by flow-through radial forearm free flap and distally based superficial sural artery flap respectively. Two patients were sustained below knee amputation, one above knee amputation, despite of survival of flaps. This reveals limb salvage in 84 percent. The microvascular reconstruction is a versatile and reliable methods in complicated cases after severe trauma. Free tissue transplantation should be considered as a primary treatment in such complicated cases.
Amputation ; Arteries ; Extremities ; Forearm ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Knee ; Limb Salvage ; Lower Extremity* ; Necrosis ; Osteomyelitis ; Tissue Transplantation ; Transplants

Twelve cases of primary malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system experienced between 1980 and 1990 were investigated by histological and immunohistochemical findings correlated with clinical observation. Of the 12 patients, 6 were male and 6 were female. Their ages ranged from 31 to 58 years(mean, 45.8 years). All Tumors were supratentorial except 1 case which was found in the spinal cord. The fronto-parietal lobe was the most common site, which accounted for 66.7%. Histologically, all the tumors showed unfavorable histology. Diffuse large cell type was the most frequent(66.7%). Immunohistochemical studies using monoclonal antibodies revealed predominance of B-cell phenotype. Although most cases were treated with a combination of surgery and irradiation, the outcome was poor in all.
Female ; Male ; Humans

Unilateral spermatic cord torsion has been shown to cause damage to the contralateral testis in humans and animal models. In the present paper, we have examined contralateral testes of prepubertal Sprague-Dawley rats 14 days after 720 torsion to determine the effect of scrotal surgery versus abdominal approach and to determine the effect of therapeutic orchiectomy versus detorsion. Torsion periods were 2. 6 and 24 hours. Histologic examinations of contralateral testis at the end of the experiment demonstrate that all rats of both the orchiectomy and detorsion groups had a significantly reduced mean seminiferous tubular diameter compared to controls (p<0.001). But the groups of abdominal approach had a smaller reduced mean seminiferous tubu1ar diameter than the groups of scrotal approach. These results indicate that these contralateral alterations seem to be caused by generalized perineal inflammatory responses as well as immunologic responses.
Abdominal Wall* ; Animals ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Orchiectomy ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spermatic Cord Torsion* ; Testis*

An unequivocal diagnosis of mesothelioma during life, on the basis of limited biopsy tissue or cytological specimens, is frequently difficult and requires distinction from inflammatory mesothelial hyperplasia on the one hand and secondary neoplasms, especially adenocarcinoma on the other. Although some studies have produced conflicting results, it is generally believed that immunohistochemical methods can aid in this distinction. To obtain comparable and reproducible results, 23 metastatic carcinoma of the pleura and 2 unequivocal malignant epiehtlial mesotheliomas were studied by the peroxidase-antiperoxedase method on paraffin-embedded cell blocks, and commercially available antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), keratin and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) were used. Nineteen metastaic adenocarcinoma (73%) and two mesotheliomas (100%) reacted with keratin and EMA antibodies. Nineteen matastatic adenocarcinomas (73%) reacted with EMA antibodies. Nineteen metastatic adenocarcinoma (73%) reacted with CEA antibody; no mesotheliomas stained for CEA. Two cases of reactive mesothlial hyperplasia showed positive for keratin, but negative reaction for EMA and CEA. Noen of the antibodies used in this study was specific for mesothelioma, but CEA was found to be the most useful marker for differentiating between mesothelioma and metastatic carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy ; Neoplasm Metastasis

An unequivocal diagnosis of mesothelioma during life, on the basis of limited biopsy tissue or cytological specimens, is frequently difficult and requires distinction from inflammatory mesothelial hyperplasia on the one hand and secondary neoplasms, especially adenocarcinoma on the other. Although some studies have produced conflicting results, it is generally believed that immunohistochemical methods can aid in this distinction. To obtain comparable and reproducible results, 23 metastatic carcinoma of the pleura and 2 unequivocal malignant epiehtlial mesotheliomas were studied by the peroxidase-antiperoxedase method on paraffin-embedded cell blocks, and commercially available antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), keratin and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) were used. Nineteen metastaic adenocarcinoma (73%) and two mesotheliomas (100%) reacted with keratin and EMA antibodies. Nineteen matastatic adenocarcinomas (73%) reacted with EMA antibodies. Nineteen metastatic adenocarcinoma (73%) reacted with CEA antibody; no mesotheliomas stained for CEA. Two cases of reactive mesothlial hyperplasia showed positive for keratin, but negative reaction for EMA and CEA. Noen of the antibodies used in this study was specific for mesothelioma, but CEA was found to be the most useful marker for differentiating between mesothelioma and metastatic carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy ; Neoplasm Metastasis